Effects of retained dry material on the impact,overflow and landing dynamics

During long-term operation,the performance of obstacles would be changed due to the material accumulating upslope the obstacle.However,the effects of retained material on impact,overflow and landing dynamics of granular flow have not yet been elucidated.To address this gap,physical flume tests and discrete element simulations are conducted considering a range of normalized deposition height h0/H from 0 to 1,where h0 and H represent the deposition height and obstacle height,respectively.An analytical model is modified to evaluate the flow velocity and flow depth after interacting with the retained materials,which further serve to calculate the peak impact force on the obstacle.Notably,the computed impact forces successfully predict the experimental results when a≥25°.In addition,the results indicate that a higher h0/H leads to a lower dynamic impact force,a greater landing distance L,and a larger landing coefficient Cr,where Cr is the ratio of slope-parallel component of landing velocity to flow velocity just before landing.Compared to the existing overflow model,the measured landing distance L is underestimated by up to 30%,and therefore it is insufficient for obstacle design when there is retained material.Moreover,the recommended Cr in current design practice is found to be nonconservative for estimating the landing velocity of geophysical flow.This study provides insightful scientific basis for designing obstacles with deposition.

A Retrodirective Array Enabled by CMOS Chips for Two-Way Wireless Communication with Automatic Beam Tracking

This article proposes and demonstrates a retrodirective array(RDA)for two-way wireless communication with automatic beam tracking.The proposed RDA is enabled by specifically designed chips made using a domestic complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)process.The highly integrated CMOS chip includes a receiving(Rx)chain,a transmitting(Tx)chain,and a unique tracking phaselocked loop(PLL)for the crucial conjugated phase recovery in the RDA.This article also proposes a method to reduce the beam pointing error(BPE)in a conventional RDA.To validate the above ideas simply yet without loss of generality,a 2.4 GHz RDA is demonstrated through two-way communication links between the Rx and Tx chains,and an on-chip quadrature coupler is designed to achieve a nonretrodirective signal suppression of 23 dBc.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RDA,which incorporates domestically manufactured low-cost 0.18 lm CMOS chips,is capable of automatically tracking beams covering±40with a reduced BPE.Each CMOS chip in the RDA has a compact size of 4.62 mm^(2) and a low power consumption of 0.15 W.To the best of the authors’knowledge,this is the first research to demonstrate an RDA with a fully customized CMOS chip for wireless communication with automatic beam tracking。

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with two-way classical communication

The data post-processing scheme based on two-way classical communication(TWCC)can improve the tolerable bit error rate and extend the maximal transmission distance when used in a quantum key distribution(QKD)system.In this study,we apply the TWCC method to improve the performance of reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD),and analyze the influence of the TWCC method on the performance of decoy-state RFI-QKD in both asymptotic and non-asymptotic cases.Our numerical simulation results show that the TWCC method is able to extend the maximal transmission distance from 175 km to 198 km and improve the tolerable bit error rate from 10.48%to 16.75%.At the same time,the performance of RFI-QKD in terms of the secret key rate and maximum transmission distance are still greatly improved when statistical fluctuations are considered.We conclude that RFI-QKD with the TWCC method is of practical interest.

Beamforming Design for IRS-and-UAV-Aided Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks in Maritime IoT

In this paper,an intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-and-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted two-way amplify-and-forward(AF)relay network in maritime Internet of Things(IoT)is proposed,where ship1(S1)and ship2(S2)can be viewed as data collecting centers.To enhance the message exchange rate between S1 and S2,a problem of maximizing minimum rate is cast,where the variables,namely AF relay beamforming matrix and IRS phase shifts of two time slots,need to be optimized.To achieve a maximum rate,a low-complexity alternately iterative(AI)scheme based on zero forcing and successive convex approximation(LC-ZF-SCA)algorithm is presented.To obtain a significant rate enhancement,a high-performance AI method based on one step,semidefinite programming and penalty SCA(ONSSDP-PSCA)is proposed.Simulation results show that by the proposed LC-ZF-SCA and ONS-SDP-PSCA methods,the rate of the IRS-and-UAV-assisted AF relay network surpass those of with random phase and only AF relay networks.Moreover,ONS-SDP-PSCA perform better than LC-ZF-SCA in aspect of rate.

Security-Reliability Analysis and Optimization for Cognitive Two-Way Relay Network with Energy Harvesting

This paper investigates the security and reliability of information transmission within an underlay wiretap energy harvesting cognitive two-way relay network.In the network,energy-constrained secondary network(SN)nodes harvest energy from radio frequency signals of a multi-antenna power beacon.Two SN sources exchange their messages via a SN decode-and-forward relay in the presence of a multiantenna eavesdropper by using a four-phase time division broadcast protocol,and the hardware impairments of SN nodes and eavesdropper are modeled.To alleviate eavesdropping attacks,the artificial noise is applied by SN nodes.The physical layer security performance of SN is analyzed and evaluated by the exact closed-form expressions of outage probability(OP),intercept probability(IP),and OP+IP over quasistatic Rayleigh fading channel.Additionally,due to the complexity of OP+IP expression,a self-adaptive chaotic quantum particle swarm optimization-based resource allocation algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize energy harvesting ratio and power allocation factor,which can achieve security-reliability tradeoff for SN.Extensive simulations demonstrate the correctness of theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.

面向专家示例的Stack Overflow本体构造和推理研究

Stack Overflow是一个计算机领域的IT技术问答网站,为了获取问答网站中的专家示例并将其应用于API挖掘中。首先采用Scrapy爬虫框架技术获取Stack Overflow问答网站中的结构化数据,并存储在关系模式中;再使用本体建模工具Protégé构建本体,然后使用D2RQ工具实现对关系数据库的知识抽取,将关系模式转换为三元组形式的本体模型;同时,提出了一个面向专家示例的子本体抽取算法,用于从原本体中抽取出专家示例推理相关的子本体,并提出了若干条专家示例推理规则,能推导出专家所编写的代码示例。实验结果证明,从Stack Overflow本体模型中抽取的专家示例能提高API调用序列挖掘的准确率。

Investigating the Efficiency Coefficient of Pile Group in Clay Under Two-Way Lateral Load

This research investigates the behavior of a 2×2 pile group under two-directional lateral loads in addition to the vertical load.Through three-dimensional numerical modeling based on Flac 3D software,the study examines the total bearing capacity and efficiency coefficient of the pile group,considering factors such as the angle of lateral load,relative pile spacing,and relative stiffness of the pile-soil system.The findings highlight the significance of these factors in understanding and predicting the response of pile groups to changing lateral load directions.The results reveal that increasing the angle of the lateral load from 0°to 45°enhances both the maximum total lateral load and the efficiency coefficient of the pile group.When the relative stiffness of the pile-soil system significantly increases,soil stiffening occurs and reducing the relative spacing of the piles from 7 to 3 times the diameter of the piles diminishes the influence of the pile group.Consequently,the response of the pile group to lateral loads becomes more linear,with only a slight alteration in the maximum total lateral load and the efficiency coefficient when the lateral load is angled from 0°to 45°.Conversely,increasing the relative distance between the piles,specifically from 3 to 7 times the diameter of the piles,amplifies the influence of the pile group.Both the maximum total lateral load and the efficiency coefficient of the pile group exhibit an observed increase.These provide insights for designing pile groups and optimizing their performance under lateral loading conditions.

Secrecy Outage Probability for Two-Way Integrated Satellite Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relay Networks with Hardware Impairments

In this paper,we investigate the secrecy outage performance for the two-way integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks with hardware impairments.Particularly,the closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is obtained.Moreover,to get more information on the secrecy outage probability in a high signalto-noise regime,the asymptotic analysis along with the secrecy diversity order and secrecy coding gain for the secrecy outage probability are also further obtained,which presents a fast method to evaluate the impact of system parameters and hardware impairments on the considered network.Finally,Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to show the efficiency of the theoretical analysis.

Detection of Buffer Overflow Attacks with Memoization-based Rule Set

Different abnormalities are commonly encountered in computer network systems.These types of abnormalities can lead to critical data losses or unauthorized access in the systems.Buffer overflow anomaly is a prominent issue among these abnormalities,posing a serious threat to network security.The primary objective of this study is to identify the potential risks of buffer overflow that can be caused by functions frequently used in the PHP programming language and to provide solutions to minimize these risks.Static code analyzers are used to detect security vulnerabilities,among which SonarQube stands out with its extensive library,flexible customization options,and reliability in the industry.In this context,a customized rule set aimed at automatically detecting buffer overflows has been developed on the SonarQube platform.The memoization optimization technique used while creating the customized rule set enhances the speed and efficiency of the code analysis process.As a result,the code analysis process is not repeatedly run for code snippets that have been analyzed before,significantly reducing processing time and resource utilization.In this study,a memoization-based rule set was utilized to detect critical security vulnerabilities that could lead to buffer overflow in source codes written in the PHP programming language.Thus,the analysis process is not repeatedly run for code snippets that have been analyzed before,leading to a significant reduction in processing time and resource utilization.In a case study conducted to assess the effectiveness of this method,a significant decrease in the source code analysis time was observed.

基于监测与模型的典型合流制排水系统溢流污染来源解析

以北京中心城区某典型合流制分区为研究区,开展自“地表-管网-排口”的全过程监测,基于MIKE URBAN软件构建数值模型,构建一套结合监测与模型的溢流污染解析方法,量化分析不同降雨量级下溢流污染来源。结果表明:管道沉积物、地表径流和生活污水对COD的贡献率分别为43.4%~53.9%、27.4%~27.5%和18.6%~29.2%。中雨流量峰值晚于浓度峰值,大雨反之;两场降雨溢流水质浓度峰值差异小于流量峰值。随着降雨量级及强度增加,地表径流和管道沉积物的污染负荷增加,后者增加量更大。管道沉积物是合流制溢流污染的主要来源,应优先对其进行控制。

海绵城市背景下合流制改造及溢流污染控制路径研究

我国合流制排水管渠数量多、建设情况复杂、运行问题突出,已成为当前制约城市水环境质量提升的关键,在系统化全域推进海绵城市建设的背景下,合流制系统改造及溢流污染控制成为许多城市的重点任务。根据多年城市建设统计年鉴数据对我国城市合流制排水管渠数量、分布及逐年变化情况进行分析;梳理我国城市合流制管渠系统状况、存在问题及当前海绵城市建设、黑臭水体治理、内涝综合整治、污水提质增效工作对合流制系统的相关要求,在此基础上提出适用于我国城市合流制系统的界定与评价方法;结合当前各城市在推进相关工作过程中存在的问题,提出海绵城市建设背景下合流制系统改造及溢流污染控制路径,即因地制宜制定合流制改造及溢流污染控制系统化方案,并明确系统化方案编制流程及技术要点。

注重旱区湿地生态保护与修复的疏漫灌溉研究

针对干旱地区传统生态调度“只调不灌”造成的湿地生态补水效果欠佳、生境日益退化等实际问题,本文提出了疏漫灌溉的基本理念,明确了疏漫灌溉的定义、内涵及系统组成,搭建了疏漫灌溉系统,构建了疏漫灌溉技术体系。本文以哈巴河流域阿克齐湿地为研究区域,基于疏漫灌溉的系统组成优化了阿克齐湿地原有的工程体系;基于工程布局等要素划分了不同水平年下的三层级生态修复分区;采用Penman-Monteith公式计算了疏漫灌溉区不同地类的适宜生态需水量,采用改进的Tennant法确定了湿地的最低生态流量,最后制定了疏漫灌溉制度。研究结果表明:(1)湿地需水月份集中在4—10月份,其中6—8月份为主要生态需水期,平均生态基流为4.66 m^(3) s;(2)疏漫灌溉工程的布设和生态修复分区的确定改善了湿地供水条件,形成了生态分区与工程体系一一对应的靶向补水模式;(3)疏漫灌溉制度的制订可为生态工程的规划设计以及灌区引水的管理提供科学依据;(4)实施生态调度后,草地、自由水面以及沼泽面积均呈递增趋势,沙化面积减少了9.83%,湿地的水系连通性得到改善,斑块破碎化逐渐修复。研究成果可为提高旱区水资源利用效率、旱区生境的保护与修复提供技术支撑。

碳减排政策的就业效应:来自碳交易试点的经验证据

在理论探析碳减排政策影响就业的基础上,运用双重差分模型评估碳交易政策的就业效应。研究表明:碳交易政策的实施导致试点地区就业率显著提升,且碳交易政策能够加速劳动力城乡流动、行业转移以及性别转换,同时使得劳动力技能结构呈现“两头粗、中间细”的分布特征;碳交易政策的就业效应并不局限于试点地区一隅,亦能够对试点周边地区产生显著的负向溢出效应;试点地区劳动力增加来源包括“就地转换”“走的少”和“来的多”3个方面。进一步地,碳交易试点政策所诱发的就业率提升主要得益于产业结构高级化驱动的劳动力需求扩大和工资提升所驱动的劳动力供给增加。

数字金融对碳回弹的影响及其空间溢出效应

基于数字金融空间溢出视角,选取2012—2021年中国内地30个省份面板数据为样本,构建空间杜宾模型分析数字金融对本地区和周边地区碳回弹的影响,并从产业、技术和资金等角度探讨数字金融对碳回弹的作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)数字金融能显著抑制本地区碳回弹,且数字金融与碳回弹均存在全局相关和局部集聚特征,数字金融能通过空间溢出效应降低周边地区碳回弹水平,这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;(2)异质性分析发现,传统金融发达地区数字金融抑制碳回弹作用更强,东中西部地区数字金融均能抑制本地区碳回弹水平提升,且东部地区数字金融对周边地区碳回弹具有显著的抑制作用,而中西部地区数字金融的空间溢出效应并不明显;(3)机制分析结果表明,数字金融通过推动产业结构优化、激励绿色技术创新和发展绿色金融进而抑制碳回弹,产业结构优化的中介作用最强,其次是绿色金融,而绿色技术创新的中介效应相对较弱。数字金融对本地区产业结构优化、绿色技术创新和绿色金融发展具有促进作用,但对周边地区的空间溢出效应不明显。产业结构优化能降低本地区碳回弹水平,而绿色技术创新和绿色金融能在抑制本地区碳回弹的同时降低周边地区的碳回弹水平。

合流制溢流污染的影响及其控制技术发展

合流制溢流即未经处理的雨污废水直接流入受纳水体,是造成受纳水体污染和城市内涝的主要来源。首先,对合流制溢流的污染特征及其影响因素进行了总结,简要梳理了源头控制、处理设施、调蓄设施、雨天合流雨污水处理最新技术及其控制效果,以及合流制溢流控制实时控制、监测和预测的智能控制方法。合流制溢流灰色和绿色基础设施都是必要的,随着监测、降水预报、城市水文和水力模型及实时控制技术的成熟,合流制溢流系统向实时控制和模型优化预测策略发展。

复杂压力体系地层钻探溢流压井技术研究

我国油气勘探开发的深度不断取得突破,超深层油气已经成为重要的接续资源。但是,超深层油气钻探遇到的复杂压力体系地层多,溢流后压井难度大,漏喷险情频发。常规压井方法应用于超深复杂压力体系地层溢流压井时存在一定局限性,非常规压井方法弥补了部分常规压井方法在复杂压力体系地层溢流处理中的缺陷。通过综合分析常规与非常规压井方法在应对复杂压力体系地层溢流时的适用性,根据应用案例分析了各方法的优势和不足,结合我国西部油田压井工程实践,展示了复杂压力体系地层钻探中溢流压井的技术创新成果。其中,溢漏同存和定容体等复杂压力体系地层溢流压井技术通过不断创新及实践,取得了一定的应用效果,但其理论和技术需要进一步发展。文章在总结压井技术研究进展的基础上对下一步超深层复杂压力体系压井技术攻关方向进行了展望,对于解决超深层复杂压力体系地层溢流压井技术难题具有重要意义。

互联网金融与传统金融业风险溢出效应研究

为研究互联网金融与传统金融业(银行、证券、保险)之间的相关性和波动影响程度,采用分位数回归方法计算CoVaR来度量风险溢出效应。实证结果显示,互联网金融与传统金融业均存在风险联动性,在处于99%的置信水平下,互联网金融对银行业的风险溢出效应为正且最大,对保险业风险溢出效应最小,而证券业对互联网金融存在反向的风险溢出。

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

超深井自动控制压井室内物理模拟试验及结果分析

现有超深井溢流压井技术依靠手动控制节流管汇,响应速度慢,井筒压力波动大,容易引发二次溢流、漏失等复杂情况,而自动控制压井技术可实现钻井时溢流压井作业稳定控制。为此,设计了比例–积分–微分(PID)与位移双层协同反馈的自动控制方法,开发了超深井自动控制压井系统,建立了自动控制压井物理模拟试验装置,开展了恒定目标压力、连续变化目标压力、压力突变干扰等条件下的自动控制压井试验。试验结果表明,自动控制压井系统能够在30 s左右完成节流阀开度的调节,节流压力波动范围小于0.02 MPa,与手动控制压井相比,自动控制压井系统具有良好的稳定性、准确性、反应速度和抗干扰能力。研究结果为超深井复杂地层安全压井提供了理论依据。

新型螺旋式气液旋流分离器数值模拟研究

为研究气液旋流分离器的气液分离性能,解决油气产出液中潜在高含气导致泵气锁的问题。基于旋流分离理论,设计了一种新型螺旋气液分离器。在不同气液比条件下对其内部流场进行研究。研究结果表明:随着分流比的增加,旋流器的内壁面和底流口附近的含气体积分数显著降低,同时旋流器溢流压力损失逐渐增大,而底流压力损失逐渐减小,溢流压力损失增加的速率与底流压力损失减小的速率基本相同;分流比的增加使气液分离器的除气效率逐渐提高,底流含气体积分数逐渐减小。综合分析气液比分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶5以及1∶8的4种工况,得出了其最佳溢流分流比分别为58%、39%、22%以及15%。研究结果可为高含气油井的井下气液分离装置设计提供依据,同时可为现场应用及操作提供指导。