Ultraconformable Integrated Wireless Charging Micro-Supercapacitor Skin

Conformable and wire-less charging energy storage devices play important roles in enabling the fast development of wearable,non-contact soft electronics.However,current wire-less charging power sources are still restricted by limited flexural angles and fragile connection of components,resulting in the failure expression of performance and constraining their fur-ther applications in health monitoring wearables and moveable artificial limbs.Herein,we present an ultracompatible skin-like integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitor,which building blocks(including electrolyte,electrode and substrate)are all evaporated by liquid precursor.Owing to the infiltration and permeation of the liquid,each part of the integrated device attached firmly with each other,forming a compact and all-in-one configuration.In addition,benefitting from the controllable volume of electrode solution precursor,the electrode thickness is easily regulated varying from 11.7 to 112.5μm.This prepared thin IWC-MSC skin can fit well with curving human body,and could be wireless charged to store electricity into high capacitive micro-supercapacitors(11.39 F cm-3)of the integrated device.We believe this work will shed light on the construction of skin-attachable electronics and irregular sensing microrobots.

Collaborative Charging Scheduling in Wireless Charging Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the trouble of limited battery power, and wireless charging provides apromising solution to this problem, which is not easily affected by the external environment. In this paper, we studythe recharging of sensors in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by scheduling two mobile chargers(MCs) to collaboratively charge sensors. We first formulate a novel sensor charging scheduling problem with theobjective of maximizing the number of surviving sensors, and further propose a collaborative charging schedulingalgorithm(CCSA) for WRSNs. In the scheme, the sensors are divided into important sensors and ordinary sensors.TwoMCs can adaptively collaboratively charge the sensors based on the energy limit ofMCs and the energy demandof sensors. Finally, we conducted comparative simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithmcan effectively reduce the death rate of the sensor. The proposed algorithm provides a solution to the uncertaintyof node charging tasks and the collaborative challenges posed by multiple MCs in practical scenarios.

Designing an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment

This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.

Progress in Analysis of Key Technologies for Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

At present, electric vehicles are very common means of transportation in our life. Contact charging is the main method of electric vehicles in China. With the continuous improvement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, wireless charging technology is also under constant development. Currently, there are more static wireless charging technologies, while dynamic charging mode is only a perfection and supplement to it, which is crucial to the promotion of electric vehicles and is able to make charging work faster and easier. China has been researching dynamic wireless charging technology, but it has been affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary for the relevant personnel to solve the existing obstacles according to the characteristics of dynamic wireless charging technology and apply dynamic wireless charging technology in an efficient manner.

Speed-Grading Mobile Charging Policy in Large-Scale Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

As the technological breakthrough is made in wireless charging, the wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) are finally proposed. In order to reduce the charging completion time, most existing works use the “mobilethen- charge” model—the Wireless charging vehicles (WCV) moves to the charging spot first and then charges nodes nearby. These works often aim to reduce the node’s movement delay or charging delay. However, the charging opportunities during the movement are overlooked in this model because WCV can charge nodes when it goes from one spot to the next. In order to use the charging opportunities, a speed grading method is proposed under the circumstance of variable WCV speed, which transformed the problem of final charging delay into a traveling salesman problem with speed grading. The problem was further solved by linear programming method. The simulation experiments show that, compared with the existing charging methods, the proposed method has a significant improvement in charging delay.

An Extension to ns-3 for Simulating Mobile Charging with Wireless Energy Transfer

Many theoretical derivation of the energy model requires extensive simulation in Internet of Things (IoT). Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) provides a simulation platform for various experimental studies including energy harvest.However, the function of charge schedule and wireless energy transfer model is not yet implemented. To address this problem, in this paper we propose an extension to ns-3 for simulating mobile charging with wireless energy transfer.First, we utilize a WET Harvest Class to harvest energy from the environment and a Charge Schedule Class for the mobile charger to choose the optimal node charging in the charging request queue in ns-3. Second, we use Charge Energy Model to judge what the mobile charger will do next when the energy of current node is higher or lower than energy threshold. Evaluation results show that our improvements are feasible and helpful with charge schedule and energy model in ns-3.

Finger-actuated wireless-charging wearable multifunctional sweatsensing system for levodopa and vitamin C

Efficient portable wearable sweat sensors allow the long-term monitoring of changes in the status of biomarkers in sweat,which can be useful in diagnosis,medication,and nutritional assessment.In this study,we designed and tested a wireless,battery-free,flexible,self-pumping sweat-sensing system that simultaneously tracks levodopa and vitamin C levels in human sweat and detects body temperature.The system includes a microfluidic chip with a self-driven pump and anti-reflux valve,a flexible wireless circuit board,and a purpose-designed smartphone app.The microfluidic chip is used for the efficient collection of sweat and the drainage of excess sweat.The dual electrochemical sensing electrodes in the chip are modified with functional materials and appropriate enzymatic reagents,achieving excellent selectivity and stability.The sensitivities of the levodopa sensor and the vitamin C sensor are 0.0073 and 0.0018μA·μM^(-1),respectively,and the detection correlation coefficients of both exceed 0.99.Both sensors have a wide linear detection range of 0–100 and 0–1000μM,respectively,and low detection limits of 0.28 and 17.9μM,respectively.The flexible wireless circuit board is equipped with the functions of wireless charging,electrical signal capture and processing,and wireless transmission.The data recorded from each sensor are displayed on a smartphone via a self-developed app.A series of experimental results confirmed the reliability of the sweat-sensing system in noninvasively monitoring important biomarkers in the human body and its potential utility in the comprehensive assessment of biological health.

Optimized speed control for electric vehicles on dynamic wireless charging lanes: An eco-driving approach

As the adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)intensifies,two primary challenges emerge:limited range due to battery constraints and extended charging times.The traditional charging stations,particularly those near highways,exacerbate these issues with necessary detours,inconsistent service levels,and unpredictable waiting durations.The emerging technology of dynamic wireless charging lanes(DWCLs)may alleviate range anxiety and eliminate long charging stops;however,the driving speed on DWCL significantly affects charging efficiency and effective charging time.Meanwhile,the existing research has addressed load balancing optimization on Dynamic Wireless Charging(DWC)systems to a limited extent.To address this critical issue,this study introduces an innovative eco-driving speed control strategy,providing a novel solution to the multi-objective optimization problem of speed control on DWCL.We utilize mathematical programming methods and incorporate the longitudinal dynamics of vehicles to provide an accurate physical model of EVs.Three objective functions are formulated to tackle the challenges at hand:reducing travel time,increasing charging efficiency,and achieving load balancing on DWCL,which corresponds to four control strategies.The results of numerical tests indicate that a comprehensive control strategy,which considers all objectives,achieves a minor sacrifice in travel time reduction while significantly improving energy efficiency and load balancing.Furthermore,by defining the energy demand and speed range through an upper operation limit,a relatively superior speed control strategy can be selected.This work contributes to the discourse on DWCL integration into modern transportation systems,enhancing the EV driving experience on major roads.

Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles based on a Wireless Power Transmission

In this paper,the case of a battery charger for electric vehicles based on a wireless power transmission is addressed.The specificity of every stage of the overall system is presented.Based on calculated and measured results,relevant capacitive compensations of the transformer and models are suggested and discussed in order to best match the operating mode and aiming at simplifying as much as possible the control and the electronics of the charger.

Towards Japan＇s Future EV-Friendly Highway Concept with In-motion Road-Embedded Wireless Chargers

This paper proposes a demonstration of the infrastructure concept of electric vehicles-friendly highways. EVs （electric vehicles） are gaining momentum as a bright prospect to replace conventional fuel-dependent ICE （internal combustion engine） as demand of EVs increase year by year in every country. However, due to battery capacity limitation and charging stations availability, EVs are mainly used in urban areas for short-range commuters rather than long-range journeys. This has resulted in EV usage concentrated in town and business areas. It is clear that EV usage for long distance driving is still in minimal priority due to inadequate battery performances and charging infrastructures insufficiency. The proposed concept is to solve range anxiety issues by wirelessly charging in-motion vehicles, particularly at highways namely DCH （dynamic charging highway）.

空间约束下电动汽车无线充电系统磁耦合结构优化

电动汽车无线充电系统在尺寸大小与位置偏移等因素的影响下,会导致系统传输能力下降。为了在空间约束条件下提升系统的输出功率、传输效率及抗偏移能力,针对位置偏移与底盘高度不同的实际情况,在经典D4线圈的基础上分别设计了收发端非对称D4和收发端非对称D4Q双层线圈磁耦合结构,以提高耦合系数和抗偏移能力。在不同方向的偏移和旋转的情况进行仿真测试,表明收发端非对称D4Q双层线圈在出现横向偏移300 mm、纵向偏移400 mm、传输距离230 mm和旋转偏移45°以内具备无线电能传输能力。通过搭建实验平台对偏移进行测试与验证,结果表明,所提出的收发端非对称D4Q磁耦合结构的最大输出功率相对于收发端对称D4磁耦合结构增加约60.34%,最大传输效率增大11%。

动态无线充电系统自解耦型分段导轨及其双模切换策略研究

为抑制电动汽车动态无线充电系统发射单元间的交叉耦合,降低其对系统谐振参数设计的影响,文中利用螺线管线圈与平面线圈正交解耦特性,提出一种自解耦分段发射导轨,其中螺线管为分级叠层绕制,实现了相邻发射单元间的自解耦。为降低系统输出参数波动,基于互感动态变化规律,确定系统最佳充电区间,并提出一种双模工作模式及其分段切换策略,实现对发射线圈实能顺序的实时控制。为实现双模工作状态的有序变换,设计自解耦检测线圈结构,该检测线圈采用单层螺线管绕制并与接收线圈正交,避免检测信号与电能传输之间的干扰。最后,搭建实验平台对所提方法的有效性进行验证。实验结果表明,系统输出功率平稳性提升了19.5%,系统的最高效率可达92.3%。

基于互感稳定性提升的电动汽车无线充电研究

针对采用磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术的动态电动汽车无线充电过程中,汽车底部的能量接收线圈在直线行驶和转弯过程中发生的互感跌落、互感波动率增大的问题,提出一种源自BP(Bipolar Pad)线圈结构的改良式接收线圈,从而达到平稳接收互感,增强无线传输过程中稳定性的目的。该改良式线圈通过双线圈分别贴合轨道内外径的方式解决了传统BP线圈因解耦而造成的正对耦合有效面积的减少,并利用Ansys/Maxwell软件进行仿真寻优,得到补偿线圈的合理设计位置及相对大小。实验数据表明,无论在汽车转弯还是直线行驶过程中,新型接收线圈均可以在一定程度上抑制互感波动,增强接收互感数值。互感波动率优化峰值为5.1%,互感接收情况较传统BP线圈最大提升28.7%。

基于多绕组变压器的高压无线充电自由定位系统

针对电动车辆无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统存在的半导体性能有限和定位困难的问题,提出了一种多对一高压无线充电自由定位系统。该系统采用逆变器串联输入的设计来适应高压应用场景,同时利用多绕组变压器实现逆变器的等效并联输出和向多路发射回路传输电能的功能,并采用了多对一的设计以扩大电动车的定位范围以实现无线充电的自由定位功能。为分析多绕组变压器的工作机理和研究多对一拓扑的能量传输特性,进行了等效电路分析和MATLAB仿真,并制作实验室原型样机进行了实验验证。基于实验和仿真结果,提出了一种基于多对一WPT拓扑的混合工作模式,可以有效地扩大电动车辆无线充电时的定位范围。研究和分析表明,文中所提出的拓扑结构可以有效地提高系统的输入电压以应用于高压场景,并能有效扩大电动车辆无线充电时的定位范围以实现自由定位。

新能源汽车非接触式远程无线充电系统优化设计与分析

无线充电技术作为一种创新的充电方式,为新能源汽车提供了更加便捷和高效的充电体验。为了进一步提高无线充电距离与充电效率,基于磁耦合感应式静态非接触充电技术,提出“双接收线圈”充电方案,阐述了磁耦合感应式非接触充电系统结构组成与工作原理,并对双接收线圈系统的智能控制系统进行优化设计。试验结果表明,与单接收线圈系统相比,能够更高效地将电能传输到新能源汽车,减少了能量损失,降低了充电时间和能源成本。研究结果旨在推动新能源汽车的普及和无线充电技术的进一步发展,为新能源汽车充电基础设施提供了一种更加高效和便捷的解决方案。

计及电池老化特征的电动公交车静态无线充电设施布局优化

为解决既有静态无线充电(Static Wireless Charging,SWC)设施布局方案容易忽略电池老化成本的问题,提出了计及电池老化特征的电动公交车SWC设施布局优化方法。首先考虑机会充电模式下电动公交车的运行特征,建立兼顾充电设施布设成本与电池老化成本的SWC设施布局优化模型,将电池荷电状态变化区间对电池老化速率的作用机理融入模型,同时引入累积能耗约束以确保SWC设施布局方案满足公交线路运营需求;然后针对模型的计算复杂性,提出一种改进禁忌搜索(Tabu Search,TS)算法对模型进行求解,依据模型特点构造算法的初始解及邻域结构;最后设计数值算例对模型和算法进行验证。研究结果表明:SWC设施布局对电池老化具有显著影响,相比不考虑电池老化特征的常规模型,文中提出的模型可以使年均总成本降低3.8%;在现阶段电池技术与成本条件下,电池老化成本占年均总成本的比例高达72.3%;文中提出的改进TS算法较原始TS算法在求解效率上有显著提升。文中还通过灵敏度分析探讨了模型的多个关键参数对优化结果的影响,发现电池荷电状态值上界、SWC设施充电功率与年均总成本呈显著的负相关,而电池单位容量成本、SWC设施布设成本、车辆单位行驶能耗与年均总成本呈不同程度的正相关。

改进非均匀分段算法的无线充电控制系统优化设计

为提高无线充电控制系统的稳定可靠性,采用磁耦合谐振式传输系统,提出了泰勒展开式改进非均匀分段计算的开平方算法,实现功率可控的双边控制策略。首先设计双路电流负反馈控制器,降低负载电阻RL和磁耦合系数K对稳定性的影响;再在发送线圈电流负反馈电路中,运用泰勒展开式非均匀算法。算法分析了均匀和非均匀分段的误差情况,当展开项数合理时,能减小被开方数中的x,降低误差。采用TMS320F28335DSP实验仿真验证了系统设计的正确性,传输效率大于91%,系统计算精度得到提高。

考虑无线充电的无人机路径在线规划

近年来,无人机在物流、通信、军事任务、灾害救援等领域中展现出了巨大的应用潜力,然而无人机的续航能力是制约其使用的重大因素,在无线充电技术不断突破和发展的背景下,本文基于深度强化学习方法,提出了一种考虑无线充电的无人机路径在线优化方法,通过无线充电技术提高无人机的任务能力.首先,对无人机功耗模型和无线充电模型进行了构建,根据无人机的荷电状态约束,设计了一种基于动态上下文向量的深度神经网络模型,通过编码器和解码器的模型架构,实现无人机路径的直接构造,通过深度强化学习方法对模型进行离线训练,从而应用于考虑无线充电的无人机任务路径在线优化.文本通过与传统优化方法和深度强化学习方法进行实验对比,所提方法在CPU算力和GPU算力下分别实现了4倍以及100倍以上求解速度的提升.

基于改进型ZVT Buck电路的IPT充电系统设计

为了避免在感应式无线电能传输系统的耦合机构中增加多余的开关器件以及额外的无源元件,同时减小系统工作在高频率、大功率时全控型开关器件存在的开关损耗,提出基于改进型ZVT Buck电路闭环控制的方法实现对电池的恒流、恒压充电,通过分析改进型ZVT Buck电路的工作模态以及对电路参数的设计,确保在整个充电过程中DC-DC变换器均工作在软开关状态,最后搭建充电电流为35 A、充电电压为370 V的实验平台验证该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法控制简单,并且降低了系统电路结构的复杂度,传输效率相对较高,能够满足恒流恒压充电需求。

一种针对无人机配送网络的能量自维持调度方案

近年来,快递行业需求快速增长,物流配送行业压力剧增。无人机(UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle)配送凭借其人力成本低、灵活方便等特性成为车辆配送的有益补充。然而,无人机配送受续航能力和负载能力等因素的制约,需要低成本且能量自维持的配送和充电调度方案来支持多无人机的协同配送。提出了两阶段的能量自维持的多无人机协同配送及充电调度方案。第一阶段在满足无人机能量和载重容量约束的前提下,最小化能完成区域内所有配送任务所需的无人机数量,并给出对应配送路线。提出了无人机配送调度算法(UDSA, UAV delivery scheduling algorithm),并从理论上证明了UDSA的近似度。第二阶段对具有不同到达时间的无人机进行充电调度,最小化所有无人机的最大充电完成时间。提出了一种具有近似度的无人机充电调度算法(UCSA, UAV charging scheduling algorithm)来求解该问题。仿真实验结果表明,与基准算法相比,UDSA最多可以减少44.17%的无人机数量;UCSA最多可以缩短18.87%的最大充电完成时间。