Longitudinal type-line optimization of high-speed train for low aerodynamic noise

The basic head shape of high-speed train is determined by its longitudinal type-line(LTL),so it is crucial to optimize its aerodynamic performance.Based on the parametric modeling of LTL constructed by non-uniform relational B-spline(NURBS)and the fluctuation pressure obtained by large eddy simulation(LES),the Kriging surrogate model(KSM)of LTL was constructed for low aerodynamic noise,and the accuracy of the KSM was improved gradually by adding the sample point with maximum expected improvement(EI)and the optimal point from optimization.The optimal objective was searched with genetic algorithm(GA).The results show that the total fluctuation pressure level(FPL)of the optimal LTL can be 8.7 dB less than that of original one,and the shape optimization method is feasible for low aerodynamic noise design.

A catalog of early-type emission-line stars and Hα line profiles from LAMOST DR2

We present a catalog including 11 204 spectra of 10436 early-type emission-line stars from LAMOST DR2, among which 9752 early-type emission-line spectra are newly discovered. For these early- type emissionqine stars, we discuss the morphological and physical properties of their low-resolution spectra. In this spectral sample, the Hα emission profiles display a wide variety of shapes. Based on the Hα line profiles, these spectra are categorized into five distinct classes： single-peak emission, single-peak emission in absorption, double-peak emission, double-peak emission in absorption, and P-Cygni profiles. To better understand what causes the Hc~ line profiles, we divide these objects into four types from the perspective of physical classification, which include classical Be stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, close binaries and spectra contaminated by H n regions. The majority of Herbig Ae/Be stars and classical Be stars are identified and separated using a （H-K, K-W1） color-color diagram. We also discuss 31 binary systems that are listed in the SIMBAD on-line catalog and identify 3600 spectra contaminated by HⅡ regions after cross-matching with positions in the Dubout-Crillon catalog. A statistical analysis of line profiles versus classifications is then conducted in order to understand the distribution of Hc~ profiles for each type in our sample. Finally, we also provide a table of 172 spectra with Fen emission lines and roughly calculate stellar wind velocities for seven spectra with P-Cygni profiles.

Type Synthesis of 4-DOF Parallel Kinematic Mechanisms Based on Grassmann Line Geometry and Atlas Method

Many methods are proposed to deal with the type synthesis of parallel kinematic mechanisms（PKMs）, but most of them are less intuitive to some extent. Thus, to propose a concise and intuitive type synthesis method for engineering application is a very challenging issue, which should be further studied in the field. Grassmann line geometry, which can investigate the dimensions of spatial line-clusters in a concise way, is taken as the mathematic foundation. Atlas method is introduced to visually describe the degrees of freedom（DOFs） and constraints of a mechanism, and the dual rule is brought in to realize the mutual conversion of the freedom-space and constraint-space. Consequently, a systematic method based on Grassmann line geometry and Atlas method is generated and the entire type synthesis process is presented. Three type 4-DOF PKMs, i.e., 1T3R, 2T2R and 3T1R（T： translational DOF; R： rotational DOF）, are classified according to the different combinations of the translational DOFs and rotational DOFs. The type synthesis of 4-DOF PKMs is carried out and the possible configurations are thoroughly investigated. Some new PKMs with useful functions are generated during this procedure. The type synthesis method based on Grassmann line geometry and Atlas method is intuitive and concise, and can reduce the complexity of the PKMs＇ type synthesis. Moreover, this method can provide theoretical guidance for other PKMs＇ type synthesis and engineering application. A novel type synthesis method is proposed, which solves the existing methods＇ problems in terms of complicated, not intuitive and unsuitable for practical application.

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

Activation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in S-type Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

The effects of Sonic hedgehog(Shh) signaling pathway activation on S-type neuroblastoma(NB) cell lines and its role in NB tumorigenesis were investigated.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Shh pathway components— Patched1(PTCH1) and Gli1 in 40 human primary NB samples.Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to examine the protein expression and mRNA levels of PTCH1 and Gli1 in three kinds of S-type NB cell lines(SK-N-AS,SK-N-SH and SHEP1),respectively.Exogenous Shh was administrated to activate Shh signaling pathway while cyclopamine was used as a selective antagonist of Shh pathway.S-type NB cell lines were treated with different concentrations of Shh or/and cyclopamine for different durations.Cell viability was measured by using MTT method.Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry.The xenograft experiments were used to evaluate the role of Shh pathway in tumor growth in immunodeficient mice.High-level expression of PTCH1 and Gli1 was detected in both NB samples and S-type NB cell lines.Cyclopamine decreased the survival rate of the three cell lines while Shh increased it,and the inhibition effects of cyclopamine could be partially reversed by shh pre-treatment.Cyclopamine induced the cell apoptosis and the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase,while Shh induced the reverse effects and could partially prevent effects of cyclopamine.Cyclopamine could also inhibit the growth of NB in vivo.Our studies revealed that activation of the Shh pathway is important for survival and proliferation of S-type NB cells in vivo and in vitro through affecting cell apoptosis and cell cycle,suggesting a new therapeutic approach to NB.

Riemann Boundary Value Problem of Non-Normal Type on the Infinite Straight Line

Various kinds of Riemann boundary value problems (BVPs) for analytic functions on closed curves or on open arc, doubly periodic Riemann BVPs, doubly quasi-periodic Riemann BVPs, and BVPs for polyanalytic functions have been widely investigated in [1-8]. The main ap- proach is to use the decomposition of polyanalytic functions and their generalization to transform the boundary value problems to their corresponding boundary value problems for analytic functions. Recently, inverse Riemann BVPs for generalized analytic functions or bianalytic functions have been investigated in [9-12]. In this paper, we consider a kind of Riemann BVP of non-normal type on the infinite straight line and discuss the solvable conditions and the general solution for it.

Type Synthesis of Spatial Straight Line Mechanisms with only Revolute Joints

Spatial straight line mechanisms are a class of spatial mechanisms whose end-effectors generate the trajectory with the form of exact straight lines, which have potential applications in many industrial sectors. This study aims to synthesis the spatial straight line mechanisms with only revolute joints, meaning that no prismatic joints are included. According to the generalized function sets and the law of one dimensional rotation, the type of compositions of characteristic and the corresponding conditions are derived. Furthermore, some novel symmetrical and asymmetrical spatial straight line mechanisms are synthesized through assembling specific kinematic chains under the corresponding conditions. Finally, several synthesized spatial straight line mechanisms are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the synthesis methodology.

Meshless Method of Lines for Numerical Solution of Kawahara Type Equations

In this work, an algorithm based on method of lines coupled with radial basis functions namely meshless method of lines (MMOL) is presented for the numerical solution of Kawahara, modified Kawahara and KdV Kawahara equations. The motion of a single solitary wave, interaction of two and three solitons and the phenomena of wave generation is discussed. The results are compared with the exact solution and with the results in the relevant literature to show the efficiency of the method.

蓖麻Lm型雌性系及其杂交组合的杂种优势分析

为了解Lm型雌性系蓖麻的配合力遗传基础,以5个蓖麻Lm型雌性系为母本,3个蓖麻两性系为父本,根据NC-Ⅱ不完全双列杂交组配15个杂交组合,对蓖麻杂交组合的配合力、遗传力以及杂种优势进行分析。结果表明:雌性系A1和两性系B2的GCA和杂交组合SCA在蓖麻大部分农艺性状中均表现优秀,可在提高蓖麻产量的亲本选育中作为优异亲本进行杂交组合的构建。对亲本杂种优势研究发现,两性系B2参与组配的杂交组合在多个农艺性状上表现为强杂种优势,而Lm型雌性系则表现为在单个性状上具有较强的杂种优势。从遗传力分析结果来看,蓖麻的主茎蒴果数、一级分枝蒴果数、主茎穗长、主茎节数、一级分枝百粒质量和产量受加性效应和非加性效应共同影响,且受环境影响较小,适宜在早代进行选择。

单钩针下压式勾线疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的体会

目的探讨全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术中采用单钩针下压式勾线治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的体会。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年5月西安市儿童医院收治的腹股沟斜疝患儿419例。其中男370例,女49例,最小年龄8个月,最大年龄15岁,平均年龄3岁6个月;左侧160例,右侧220例,双侧39例。在全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术中采用单钩针下压式勾线,记录手术时间和后腹膜的完整性。结果女孩单侧手术时间为(4.0±1.0)min,双侧为(6.0±1.2)min;男孩单侧手术时间为(6.0±1.0)min,双侧为(9.0±1.5)min。术中均未出现多次钩挂腹膜的手术过程和后腹膜撕裂等并发症,术后随访均无并发腹膜裂孔疝继发肠坏死情况。结论单钩针全腹膜外疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝手术中采用下压式勾线,能有效地减少腹膜外勾线时反复勾线和避免钩挂腹膜所引起的后腹膜撕裂等并发症,值得临床借鉴推广。

骨质疏松椎体骨折磁共振STIR信号改变与CT骨折线类型的关系

目的探讨骨质疏松椎体骨折磁共振(MRI)-短反转时间反转恢复序列(STIR)信号改变与电子计算机断层扫描(CT)骨折线类型的关系。方法回顾性分析收治的108例骨质疏松椎体骨折患者临床资料以及MRI、CT影像学征象。比较不同MRI-STIR信号改变患者的CT骨折线类型及CT值。结果经MRI检查,入组患者骨折椎体数共121节,STIR序列呈现黑色线信号45节,无同源高信号36节,同源高信号40节;CT显示,骨折线嵌插型51节,开裂型33节,微骨折型37节。MRI-STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者椎体CT骨折线为嵌插型阳性率高于无同源高信号和同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MRI-STIR序列呈现同源高信号的患者椎体CT骨折线为微骨折型阳性率高于黑色线信号和无同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI-STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者椎体CT值低于无同源高信号和同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MRI-STIR信号改变与CT骨折线类型存在一定相关性。STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者出现椎体嵌插型骨折风险更高,且预后较差。

K型小麦保持系遗传多样性的系统聚类分析

为了给K型小麦雄性不育系、保持系的选育及杂种组合选配提供依据,对25份K型小麦保持系品种的7个主要农艺性状进行了遗传多样性、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明,25份K型小麦保持系品种的7个主要农艺性状都表现出较大的变异性,变异系数从低到高依次为株高(7.12%)、千粒质量(7.49%)、每穗粒数(9.12%)、穗长(9.61%)、单株粒数(16.69%)、单株穗数(18.37%)、单株粒质量(20.61%)。相关性分析结果表明,3对性状达到了极显著正相关,分别为单株粒数与单株粒质量(相关系数r=0.732)、单株穗数与单株粒数(r=0.577)、单株粒质量与单株穗数(r=0.522);4对性状呈显著正相关,分别是千粒质量与单株粒质量(r=0.371)、穗长与每穗粒数(r=0.278)、株高与穗长(r=0.269)、穗长与单株粒数(r=0.211);2对性状呈显著负相关,分别为株高与每穗粒数(r=-0.214)、每穗粒数与单株穗数(r=-0.399)。聚类分析结果显示,25份K型小麦保持系品种的遗传距离变化范围为1.15~26.25。在遗传距离12.50处,将供试品种划分为5个类群:Ⅰ类群共有17个品种,第Ⅰ类群在遗传距离7.50处,分为3个亚类;第Ⅱ类群有1个品种,为石H09-7075,单株粒质量为8.59 g,低于其他类群;第Ⅲ类群1个品种为浚2016,株高为50.67 cm,低于其他类群;第Ⅳ类群5个品种,包括衡4568、山农0911、周麦16等,单株穗数为9.27个,多于其他类群;第Ⅴ类群为衡5011,株高为70.52 cm,高于其他类群。

基于深度强化学习算法的双边装配线第一类平衡

针对传统优化算法求解双边装配线第一类平衡问题时不能有效利用历史求解经验,难以得到最优解,提出一种深度强化学习求解算法CNN-PPO。设计了CNN-PPO强化学习智能体结构,在近端策略优化算法基础上,引入卷积神经网络增强智能体的数据特征提取能力;根据双边装配线问题特征,定义状态矩阵对双边装配线问题进行描述,并引入标记层辅助智能体进行任务决策;根据问题优化目标设计了奖励函数,结合强化学习在线执行—评价机制,为每次决策选择最优的待分配任务,并通过多个案例测试验证了算法的有效性和稳定性。实验结果表明,所提方法的求解结果具有优越性,59个测试案例中有57个可以达到下界。

9个不同使用类型木薯品系在合浦县的适应性研究

为筛选适宜在合浦县推广的木薯品系,本研究以主栽品种‘南植199’为对照,对9个木薯新品系的生物学特性进行了观察,并测定其农艺性状和经济性状,同时进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个品系分枝角度小、块根长度适中和主茎高度中等以上;‘RC4’的块根产量显著高于对照,其余8个品系与对照差异不显著;‘RC4’等8个品系的淀粉产量高于对照;9个品系的淀粉含量高于对照,其中‘RC3’等5个品系的淀粉含量显著或极显著高于对照;9个木薯品系的直链淀粉含量显著或极显著低于对照‘;RC6’等6个品系的氢氰酸含量低于50 mg/kg。相关性分析结果表明:块根产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、块根直径呈极显著正相关,与茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉含量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗、块根直径、块根产量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合来看,这9个木薯新品系的综合表现良好,适合在合浦县进行推广。其中‘,RC3’、‘RC4’和‘RC7’可作为加工型品系;‘RC5’和‘RC10’可作为食用品系;‘RC2’、‘RC6’、‘RC11’和‘RC12’可作为鲜食加工兼用品系;‘RC2’和‘RC5’作为食用品系具有很好的推广前景。

能同时停靠地铁列车和有轨电车的复合车站站型及其线路布设方案

[目的]大运量轨道交通与中低运量系统的互联互通,在一些城市的主城区与副中心衔接区域内逐渐显示出必要性。为此,有必要对既能停靠地铁列车又能停靠有轨电车的复合车站站型及线路布设进行研究。[方法]以不接入出入段线的地铁B型车、100%低地板有轨电车为研究案例,根据地铁和有轨电车间的接驳需求,分析了两种制式间无缝衔接的技术难点。从折返形式上提出了4种复合车站站型方案,分别为方案1(有轨电车站前折返+地铁列车站前折返组合方案)、方案2(有轨电车站后折返+地铁列车站前折返组合方案)、方案3(有轨电车站前折返+地铁列车站后折返组合方案)、方案4(有轨电车站后折返+地铁列车站后折返组合方案)。在此基础上,根据岛式站台、侧式站台的布置要求,进一步细分了各方案的组合方式,并对各种组合方式的车站布置型式、配线设置、折返方式、换乘距离等进行分析。[结果及结论]复合站台站型及线路布置形式可为大运量轨道交通系统与中小运量轨道交通系统的衔接提供参考,为乘客同站台换乘两种制式轨道交通提供了具体的技术方案,也为有轨电车和地铁间跨线运行及场段资源共享等提供了线路条件。

直连型特殊螺纹接头加工方法研究

随着石油天然气开采成本逐年增高,开采难度逐渐增大,高温、高压、高腐蚀井况逐渐增多。为满足在井眼偏小、旧井修复等油田工况下,井下套管管柱常使用直连型螺纹接头连接,由于其接头外径相对常规套管连接接头外径较小,从而增加了环隙空间,有利于下井和固井等井下作业。论述了几种典型直连型套管螺纹接头(平式低密封直连型、API标准XC气密封加厚直连型和内、外压双密封平式直连型)加工工艺,着重阐述上述接头的加工关键技术,解决直连型螺纹加工过程中系列问题,研究成果可为直连型套管螺纹接头生产提供参考。

玉米籽粒乳线比例与籽粒相关性状的关系

选用3个不同粒型玉米品种马齿型郑单958(ZD958)、半马齿型先玉335(XY335)和硬粒型长单106(CD106)为试验材料,研究玉米籽粒乳线比例与粒长、粒宽、百粒鲜质量、含水率、灌浆速率、脱水速率的关系,以期为玉米最佳收获期的确定和适宜机械粒收玉米新品种的选育提供依据。结果表明,品种对玉米籽粒乳线比例的影响达到显著或极显著水平,XY335籽粒乳线比例增加速率最快,其次是CD106、ZD958。不同粒型玉米品种粒长、粒宽、百粒鲜质量对乳线比例的作用效应不同,粒宽、百粒鲜质量对乳线比例的作用效应较大。籽粒乳线比例与籽粒含水率、灌浆速率、脱水速率总体上呈显著或极显著负相关,含水率与灌浆速率、脱水速率呈显著或极显著正相关,灌浆速率与脱水速率呈极显著正相关。

新型数字式线型感温探测器及电缆隧道火灾适应性研究

为了解决传统线型感温电缆在电缆隧道中无法对火灾进行有效定位和精确预警等问题,研发一种新型数字式线型感温探测器。在传统感温电缆的技术基础上,分布式插入消防芯片,与原有热敏材料结合,进行火源定位和数据处理;应用多源数据融合及自适应算法,考虑环境影响,整合多类数据,实现精准预警;升级输出预警方式,可用多设备观测沿缆的实时温度、温度云图。对产品进行技术指标检定合格后,参考国家标准和电缆隧道环境,进行了小火源性能测试、差温报警性能测试、沸水试验测试。结果表明,该探测器符合国家标准,且在湿热环境下运行稳定,可靠性较强。

展颖野生稻株高性状的遗传与SD1基因的等位变异分析

为了探究SSSL-B50和华粳籼74(HJX74)株高差异的原因,利用SSSL-B50与HJX74回交构建F2群体进行株高性状遗传分析与基因定位。结果显示,F1植株表现为高秆;260个单株组成的F2群体株高出现分离,高秆植株与半矮秆植株分离比例符合3∶1(χ^(2)=0.18<3.84),说明SSSL-B50高秆性状为显性性状,受1对显性等位基因控制。利用IciMapping软件对F2进行连锁分析,将SSSL-B50携带的高秆基因定位在1号染色体代换片段上的标记S18和X161之间38.38~39.07 Mb。候选基因筛选分析发现,定位区间内存在着“绿色革命”基因座位SD1。对展颖野生稻、SSSL-B50及HJX74进行SD1基因测序及序列比对,发现HJX74的CDS序列与展颖野生稻、SSSL-B50相比有280 bp的缺失,导致氨基酸编码提前终止。qRT-PCR结果表明,SD1表达量在SSSL-B50茎秆的第2,3,4节均显著高于HJX74。此外,与前人报道结果相比,展颖野生稻SD1基因编码的氨基酸序列发生了2处改变(E100G、Q339R)。研究结果弄清楚了展颖野生稻单片段代换系SSSL-B50高秆性状受SD1调控,同时从展颖野生稻鉴定到了SD1的新等位型SD1Glu。

山区增建二线铁路桥式方案比选

以山区某地方重载铁路增建二线工程为例,选取一处代表性的桥梁工点,分别采用1×32 m简支T梁+1×(32+48+32)m连续梁、1×(64+64)m T构2个桥式方案,通过综合分析对既有线的影响、水文条件、工程经济性、施工组织、景观要求等因素,选择采用1×(64+64)m T构的桥式方案。