TypeⅡdiabetes mellitus(T2DM)has experienced a dramatic increase globally across countries of various income levels over the past three decades.The persistent prevalence of T2DM is attributed to a complex interplay of...TypeⅡdiabetes mellitus(T2DM)has experienced a dramatic increase globally across countries of various income levels over the past three decades.The persistent prevalence of T2DM is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.While numerous pharmaceutical therapies have been developed,there remains an urgent need for innovative treatment approaches that offer effectiveness without significant adverse effects.In this context,the exploration of the gut microbiome presents a promising avenue.Research has increasingly shown that the gut microbiome of individuals with T2DM exhibits distinct differences compared to healthy individuals,suggesting its potential role in the disease’s pathogenesis and progression.This emerging field offers diverse applications,particularly in modifying the gut environment through the administration of prebiotics,probiotics,and fecal microbiome transfer.These interventions aim to restore a healthy microbiome balance,which could potentially alleviate or even reverse the metabolic dysfunctions associated with T2DM.Although current results from clinical trials have not yet shown dramatic effects on diabetes management,the groundwork has been laid for deeper investigation.Ongoing and future clinical trials are critical to advancing our understanding of the microbiome’s impact on diabetes.By further elucidating the mechanisms through which microbiome alterations influence insulin resistance and glucose metabolism,researchers can develop more targeted interventions.The potential to harness the gut microbiome in developing new therapeutic strategies offers a compelling prospect to transform the treatment landscape of T2DM,potentially reducing the disease’s burden significantly with approaches that are less reliant on traditional pharmaceuticals and more focused on holistic,systemic health improvements.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity amputation.Neuropathy,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common under...Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity amputation.Neuropathy,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common underlying causes.Around 15%of diabetic patients are affected by diabetic foot ulcer in their lifetime.64 million people are affected by diabetics in India and 40000 amputations are done every year.Foot ulcers are evaluated and classified in a systematic and thorough manner to assist in determining the best course of therapy.This paper proposes a novel model which predicts the threat of diabetic foot ulcer using independent agents for various input values and a combination of fuzzy expert systems.The proposed model uses a classification system to distinguish between each fuzzy framework and its parameters.Based on the severity levels necessary prevention,treatment,and medication are recommended.Combining the results of all the fuzzy frameworks derived from its constituent parameters,a risk-specific medication is recommended.The work also has higher accuracy when compared to other related models.展开更多
Based on the observation data of meteorological stations,Doppler radar observation data of Ulanqab City,and ERA-5 reanalysis data,a snowstorm process in Ulanqab City from March 17 to 18,2022 was analyzed.The results s...Based on the observation data of meteorological stations,Doppler radar observation data of Ulanqab City,and ERA-5 reanalysis data,a snowstorm process in Ulanqab City from March 17 to 18,2022 was analyzed.The results show that this was a type Ⅱ snowstorm process generated under the joint influence of upper trough and ground low inverted trough and frontal cyclone.The main period of snowfall can be divided into two time stages,and the total snowfall was more in the south and less in the north,which was consistent with that of average specific humidity field.Water vapor conditions provided by strong water vapor transport and convergence,strong upward movement shown by large vertical velocity field,and the suction action of high-and low-layer divergence and convergence were the reasons for the hourly heavy snowfall on the 18^(th).During the process,radar echoes were mainly sheet-shaped,and composite reflectivity was 15-25 dBZ in most areas.The zero speed line in the first period was positively"S"-shaped,and there was warm advection and southwest wind.On the morning of the 18^(th),after the cold front transited the city,Ulanqab City was gradually controlled by northwest wind,and the snow tended to end.展开更多
针对逐步Ⅱ型删失数据下Burr Type X分布的参数估计问题,提出模型参数的一种新的贝叶斯估计及相应的最大后验密度(HPD)置信区间.假设伽玛分布为待估参数的先验分布,考虑待估参数的条件后验分布未知、单峰且近似对称,选取以正态分布为提...针对逐步Ⅱ型删失数据下Burr Type X分布的参数估计问题,提出模型参数的一种新的贝叶斯估计及相应的最大后验密度(HPD)置信区间.假设伽玛分布为待估参数的先验分布,考虑待估参数的条件后验分布未知、单峰且近似对称,选取以正态分布为提议分布的Metropolis-Hastings(MH)算法生成后验样本,基于后验样本在平方误差损失函数下得到待估参数的贝叶斯估计和HPD置信区间.将基于MH算法得到的贝叶斯估计和HPD置信区间与基于EM算法得到的极大似然估计和置信区间在均方误差准则和精度意义下进行比较.Monte-Carlo模拟结果表明,基于MH算法得到的估计在均方误差准则下优于基于EM算法得到的极大似然估计,基于MH算法得到的HPD置信区间长度小于基于EM算法得到的置信区间长度.展开更多
TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal method and modified with CgN to syn-thesize a Type-Ⅱheterojunction semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C;Na.In addition,a carbon layerwas coated onto the TiO2 nano...TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal method and modified with CgN to syn-thesize a Type-Ⅱheterojunction semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C;Na.In addition,a carbon layerwas coated onto the TiO2 nanoparticles and the obtained material was uniformly covered on thesurface of CaNa to form an all-solid-state Z-scheme semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C-C3N4,Through characterization by XRD,XPS,SEM,TEM,BET,photoelectrochemical experiments,UV-visible diffuse reflection,and PL spectroscopy,the charge transfer mechanism and band gappositions for the composite photocatalysts were analyzed.The Type-Ⅱand all-solid-state Z-schemeheterojunction structures were compared.By combining microscopic internal mechanisms withmacroscopic experimental phenomena,the relationship between performance and structure wasverified.Experimental methods were used to explore the adaptation degree of different photocata-lytic mechanisms using the same degradation system.This study highlights effective photocatalystdesign to meet the requirements for specific degradation conditions.展开更多
In this work,a set of novel Cu2ZnSnS4/Bi2WO6(CZTS/BWO)two-dimensional(2 D)/two-dimensional(2 D)type-Ⅱheterojunctions with different CZTS weight ratios(1%,2%,and 5%)were successfully synthesized via a brief secondary ...In this work,a set of novel Cu2ZnSnS4/Bi2WO6(CZTS/BWO)two-dimensional(2 D)/two-dimensional(2 D)type-Ⅱheterojunctions with different CZTS weight ratios(1%,2%,and 5%)were successfully synthesized via a brief secondary solvothermal process.The successful formation of the heterojunctions was affirmed by characterization methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The photocatalytic activity results showed that the prepared CZTS/BWO heterojunctions had excellent photocatalytic behaviors for organic degradation,especially when the mass fraction of CZTS with respect to BWO in the composite was 2%.Moreover,the addition of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)could further improve the dye and antibiotic degradation efficiencies.The reinforced photocatalytic and photo-Fenton degradation performance were primarily attributable to the introduction of BWO,which afforded increased active sites,expanded the solar spectral response range,and accelerated the cycle of Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ);after four cycling times,its catalytic activity did not decrease significantly.In addition,reasonable hypotheses of the photocatalytic and photo-Fenton catalytic mechanisms were formulated.This study is expected to provide a visual approach for designing a novel photo-Fenton catalyst to jointly utilize the photocatalytic and Fenton activities,which can be better applied to the purification of residual organics in wastewater.展开更多
Type‐II‐heterojunction TiO2nanorod arrays(NAs)are achieved by a combination of reduced and pristine TiO2NAs through a simple electrochemical reduction.The heterojunction‐structured TiO2NAs exhibit an enhanced photo...Type‐II‐heterojunction TiO2nanorod arrays(NAs)are achieved by a combination of reduced and pristine TiO2NAs through a simple electrochemical reduction.The heterojunction‐structured TiO2NAs exhibit an enhanced photo‐efficiency,with respect to those of pristine TiO2NAs and completely reduced black TiO2.The improved efficiency can be attributed to a synergistic effect of two contributions of the partially reduced TiO2NAs.The light absorption is significantly increased,from theUV to the visible spectrum.Moreover,the type II structure leads to enhanced separation and transport of the electrons and charges.The proposed electrochemical approach could be applied to various semiconductors for a control of the band structure and improved photoelectrochemical performance.展开更多
Recent developments in acceptor–donor–acceptor(A–D–A) type non-fullerene acceptors have led to substantial improvements in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells efficiency. The device performance strongly depend...Recent developments in acceptor–donor–acceptor(A–D–A) type non-fullerene acceptors have led to substantial improvements in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells efficiency. The device performance strongly depends on photoactive layer morphology, as the molecular packing, donor–acceptor interface and phase separation significantly affect the charge-transfer states and charge carrier dynamics. In this review, we start with a brief introduction of the techniques most effectively utilized to characterize multiphase morphology. Then, we summarize recent progress in A–D–A type acceptors, with the emphasis on understanding the molecular structure–morphology–performance relationships. Finally, an outlook on correlating morphological characteristics with photovoltage losses is presented for further improving device performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density due to defective bone resorption of osteoclasts.Approximately,80%of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II(ADO-II)patients ...BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density due to defective bone resorption of osteoclasts.Approximately,80%of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II(ADO-II)patients were usually affected by heterozygous dominant mutations in the chloride voltage-gated channel 7(ClCN7)gene and present early-onset osteoarthritis or recurrent fractures.In this study,we report a case of persistent joint pain without bone injury or underlying history.CASE SUMMARY We report a 53-year-old female with joint pain who was accidentally diagnosed with ADO-II.The clinical diagnosis was based on increased bone density and typical radiographic features.Two heterozygous mutations in the ClCN7 and Tcell immune regulator 1(TCIRG1)genes by whole exome sequencing were identified in the patient and her daughter.The missense mutation(c.857G>A)occurred in the CLCN7 gene p.R286Q,which is highly conserved across species.The TCIRG1 gene point mutation(c.714-20G>A)in intron 7(near the splicing site of exon 7)had no effect on subsequent transcription.CONCLUSION This ADO-II case had a pathogenic CLCN7 mutation and late onset without the usual clinical symptoms.For the diagnosis and assessment of the prognosis for osteopetrosis,genetic analysis is advised.展开更多
The interface formations of the heterojunctions concerning Ⅳ and Ⅱ Ⅵ semiconductors were studied via synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the overlayer growths of Si...The interface formations of the heterojunctions concerning Ⅳ and Ⅱ Ⅵ semiconductors were studied via synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the overlayer growths of Si or Ge on Ge, ZnSe and ZnS substrates are in compliance with an ideal two dimensional (2D) growth mode. However, deviations from 2D mode were also observed during the interfaces formation of Ge/CdTe and Si/CdTe, and are ascribed to large lattice mismatching and interfacial reaction.展开更多
文摘TypeⅡdiabetes mellitus(T2DM)has experienced a dramatic increase globally across countries of various income levels over the past three decades.The persistent prevalence of T2DM is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.While numerous pharmaceutical therapies have been developed,there remains an urgent need for innovative treatment approaches that offer effectiveness without significant adverse effects.In this context,the exploration of the gut microbiome presents a promising avenue.Research has increasingly shown that the gut microbiome of individuals with T2DM exhibits distinct differences compared to healthy individuals,suggesting its potential role in the disease’s pathogenesis and progression.This emerging field offers diverse applications,particularly in modifying the gut environment through the administration of prebiotics,probiotics,and fecal microbiome transfer.These interventions aim to restore a healthy microbiome balance,which could potentially alleviate or even reverse the metabolic dysfunctions associated with T2DM.Although current results from clinical trials have not yet shown dramatic effects on diabetes management,the groundwork has been laid for deeper investigation.Ongoing and future clinical trials are critical to advancing our understanding of the microbiome’s impact on diabetes.By further elucidating the mechanisms through which microbiome alterations influence insulin resistance and glucose metabolism,researchers can develop more targeted interventions.The potential to harness the gut microbiome in developing new therapeutic strategies offers a compelling prospect to transform the treatment landscape of T2DM,potentially reducing the disease’s burden significantly with approaches that are less reliant on traditional pharmaceuticals and more focused on holistic,systemic health improvements.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity amputation.Neuropathy,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common underlying causes.Around 15%of diabetic patients are affected by diabetic foot ulcer in their lifetime.64 million people are affected by diabetics in India and 40000 amputations are done every year.Foot ulcers are evaluated and classified in a systematic and thorough manner to assist in determining the best course of therapy.This paper proposes a novel model which predicts the threat of diabetic foot ulcer using independent agents for various input values and a combination of fuzzy expert systems.The proposed model uses a classification system to distinguish between each fuzzy framework and its parameters.Based on the severity levels necessary prevention,treatment,and medication are recommended.Combining the results of all the fuzzy frameworks derived from its constituent parameters,a risk-specific medication is recommended.The work also has higher accuracy when compared to other related models.
文摘Based on the observation data of meteorological stations,Doppler radar observation data of Ulanqab City,and ERA-5 reanalysis data,a snowstorm process in Ulanqab City from March 17 to 18,2022 was analyzed.The results show that this was a type Ⅱ snowstorm process generated under the joint influence of upper trough and ground low inverted trough and frontal cyclone.The main period of snowfall can be divided into two time stages,and the total snowfall was more in the south and less in the north,which was consistent with that of average specific humidity field.Water vapor conditions provided by strong water vapor transport and convergence,strong upward movement shown by large vertical velocity field,and the suction action of high-and low-layer divergence and convergence were the reasons for the hourly heavy snowfall on the 18^(th).During the process,radar echoes were mainly sheet-shaped,and composite reflectivity was 15-25 dBZ in most areas.The zero speed line in the first period was positively"S"-shaped,and there was warm advection and southwest wind.On the morning of the 18^(th),after the cold front transited the city,Ulanqab City was gradually controlled by northwest wind,and the snow tended to end.
文摘针对逐步Ⅱ型删失数据下Burr Type X分布的参数估计问题,提出模型参数的一种新的贝叶斯估计及相应的最大后验密度(HPD)置信区间.假设伽玛分布为待估参数的先验分布,考虑待估参数的条件后验分布未知、单峰且近似对称,选取以正态分布为提议分布的Metropolis-Hastings(MH)算法生成后验样本,基于后验样本在平方误差损失函数下得到待估参数的贝叶斯估计和HPD置信区间.将基于MH算法得到的贝叶斯估计和HPD置信区间与基于EM算法得到的极大似然估计和置信区间在均方误差准则和精度意义下进行比较.Monte-Carlo模拟结果表明,基于MH算法得到的估计在均方误差准则下优于基于EM算法得到的极大似然估计,基于MH算法得到的HPD置信区间长度小于基于EM算法得到的置信区间长度.
文摘TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal method and modified with CgN to syn-thesize a Type-Ⅱheterojunction semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C;Na.In addition,a carbon layerwas coated onto the TiO2 nanoparticles and the obtained material was uniformly covered on thesurface of CaNa to form an all-solid-state Z-scheme semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C-C3N4,Through characterization by XRD,XPS,SEM,TEM,BET,photoelectrochemical experiments,UV-visible diffuse reflection,and PL spectroscopy,the charge transfer mechanism and band gappositions for the composite photocatalysts were analyzed.The Type-Ⅱand all-solid-state Z-schemeheterojunction structures were compared.By combining microscopic internal mechanisms withmacroscopic experimental phenomena,the relationship between performance and structure wasverified.Experimental methods were used to explore the adaptation degree of different photocata-lytic mechanisms using the same degradation system.This study highlights effective photocatalystdesign to meet the requirements for specific degradation conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21663030,21666039)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing Key Laboratory,Beijing University of Chemical Technology(oic-201901009)+2 种基金the Project of Science&Technology Office of Shannxi Province(2018TSCXL-NY-02-01,2013K11-08,2013SZS20-P01)Industrial Key Project of Yan’an Science and Technology Bureau(2018KG-04)the Project of Yan’an Science Graduate Innovation Project of Yan’an University(YCX201988)~~
文摘In this work,a set of novel Cu2ZnSnS4/Bi2WO6(CZTS/BWO)two-dimensional(2 D)/two-dimensional(2 D)type-Ⅱheterojunctions with different CZTS weight ratios(1%,2%,and 5%)were successfully synthesized via a brief secondary solvothermal process.The successful formation of the heterojunctions was affirmed by characterization methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The photocatalytic activity results showed that the prepared CZTS/BWO heterojunctions had excellent photocatalytic behaviors for organic degradation,especially when the mass fraction of CZTS with respect to BWO in the composite was 2%.Moreover,the addition of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)could further improve the dye and antibiotic degradation efficiencies.The reinforced photocatalytic and photo-Fenton degradation performance were primarily attributable to the introduction of BWO,which afforded increased active sites,expanded the solar spectral response range,and accelerated the cycle of Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ);after four cycling times,its catalytic activity did not decrease significantly.In addition,reasonable hypotheses of the photocatalytic and photo-Fenton catalytic mechanisms were formulated.This study is expected to provide a visual approach for designing a novel photo-Fenton catalyst to jointly utilize the photocatalytic and Fenton activities,which can be better applied to the purification of residual organics in wastewater.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21425309, 21761132002, 21703040)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622051) the 111 Project~~
文摘Type‐II‐heterojunction TiO2nanorod arrays(NAs)are achieved by a combination of reduced and pristine TiO2NAs through a simple electrochemical reduction.The heterojunction‐structured TiO2NAs exhibit an enhanced photo‐efficiency,with respect to those of pristine TiO2NAs and completely reduced black TiO2.The improved efficiency can be attributed to a synergistic effect of two contributions of the partially reduced TiO2NAs.The light absorption is significantly increased,from theUV to the visible spectrum.Moreover,the type II structure leads to enhanced separation and transport of the electrons and charges.The proposed electrochemical approach could be applied to various semiconductors for a control of the band structure and improved photoelectrochemical performance.
基金support by Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.15246816 and 15218517)the funding for Project of Strategic Importance provided by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project Code:1-ZE29)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Project no.JCYJ20170413154602102)
文摘Recent developments in acceptor–donor–acceptor(A–D–A) type non-fullerene acceptors have led to substantial improvements in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells efficiency. The device performance strongly depends on photoactive layer morphology, as the molecular packing, donor–acceptor interface and phase separation significantly affect the charge-transfer states and charge carrier dynamics. In this review, we start with a brief introduction of the techniques most effectively utilized to characterize multiphase morphology. Then, we summarize recent progress in A–D–A type acceptors, with the emphasis on understanding the molecular structure–morphology–performance relationships. Finally, an outlook on correlating morphological characteristics with photovoltage losses is presented for further improving device performance.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plan Program of Sichuan of China,No.2018JY0608。
文摘BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density due to defective bone resorption of osteoclasts.Approximately,80%of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II(ADO-II)patients were usually affected by heterozygous dominant mutations in the chloride voltage-gated channel 7(ClCN7)gene and present early-onset osteoarthritis or recurrent fractures.In this study,we report a case of persistent joint pain without bone injury or underlying history.CASE SUMMARY We report a 53-year-old female with joint pain who was accidentally diagnosed with ADO-II.The clinical diagnosis was based on increased bone density and typical radiographic features.Two heterozygous mutations in the ClCN7 and Tcell immune regulator 1(TCIRG1)genes by whole exome sequencing were identified in the patient and her daughter.The missense mutation(c.857G>A)occurred in the CLCN7 gene p.R286Q,which is highly conserved across species.The TCIRG1 gene point mutation(c.714-20G>A)in intron 7(near the splicing site of exon 7)had no effect on subsequent transcription.CONCLUSION This ADO-II case had a pathogenic CLCN7 mutation and late onset without the usual clinical symptoms.For the diagnosis and assessment of the prognosis for osteopetrosis,genetic analysis is advised.
文摘The interface formations of the heterojunctions concerning Ⅳ and Ⅱ Ⅵ semiconductors were studied via synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the overlayer growths of Si or Ge on Ge, ZnSe and ZnS substrates are in compliance with an ideal two dimensional (2D) growth mode. However, deviations from 2D mode were also observed during the interfaces formation of Ge/CdTe and Si/CdTe, and are ascribed to large lattice mismatching and interfacial reaction.
