A Survey on Type-3 Fuzzy Logic Systems and Their Control Applications

In this paper,we offer a review of type-3 fuzzy logic systems and their applications in control.The main objective of this work is to observe and analyze in detail the applications in the control area using type-3 fuzzy logic systems.In this case,we review their most important applications in control and other related topics with type-3 fuzzy systems.Intelligent algorithms have been receiving increasing attention in control and for this reason a review in this area is important.This paper reviews the main applications that make use of Intelligent Computing methods.Specifically,type-3 fuzzy logic systems.The aim of this research is to be able to appreciate,in detail,the applications in control systems and to point out the scientific trends in the use of Intelligent Computing techniques.This is done with the construction and visualization of bibliometric networks,developed with VosViewer Software,which it is a free Java-based program,mainly intended to be used for analyzing and visualizing bibliometric networks.With this tool,we can create maps of publications,authors,or journals based on a co-citation network or construct maps of keywords,countries based on a co-occurrence networks,research groups,etc.

Type-3型广义Feistel结构的中间相遇攻击

Feistel结构是设计迭代型分组密码的几种主流结构之一,其安全性分析受到了广大密码研究人员的关注.在Feistel结构的基础上,又发展出多种Feistel结构的衍生结构.郑玉良等人于1989年提出了Type-1、Type-2和Type-3型三类广义Feistel结构,其继承了Feistel结构加解密相似性的优点且各有特点.董乐等人于2017年利用中间相遇攻击的方法分析了3分支的Type-1型广义Feistel结构.邓元豪等人在Inscrypt 2017上给出了d (d>=4)分支Type-1型广义Feistel结构的中间相遇攻击.对于Type-2型和Type-3型广义Feistel结构,尚未有学者给出通用密钥恢复方案.本文给出了Type-3型广义Feistel结构的一类特殊差分,发现在该差分模式下差分特征的所有可能值小于理论上的最大值,从而构造了区分器.对于分组规模为n比特,且含有d个分支的Type-3型广义Feistel结构,我们利用该性质构造了d+1轮中间相遇区分器.通过在区分器头部添加1轮,我们给出了Type-3型广义Feistel结构的d+2轮密钥恢复攻击,恢复了第一轮全部d-1个轮函数的子密钥.攻击的数据复杂度为2n/2个选择明文,存储复杂度为2^((d-1)n/d)个分组,每个分组n比特,时间复杂度为2^((d-1)n/d)次加密.该攻击方法是已知的对Type-3型广义Feistel结构最好的密钥恢复攻击结果.本文的攻击方法在密钥规模kn时有效.

A Non-Singleton Type-3 Fuzzy Modeling: Optimized by Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter

In many problems,to analyze the process/metabolism behavior,a mod-el of the system is identified.The main gap is the weakness of current methods vs.noisy environments.The primary objective of this study is to present a more robust method against uncertainties.This paper proposes a new deep learning scheme for modeling and identification applications.The suggested approach is based on non-singleton type-3 fuzzy logic systems(NT3-FLSs)that can support measurement errors and high-level uncertainties.Besides the rule optimization,the antecedent parameters and the level of secondary memberships are also adjusted by the suggested square root cubature Kalmanfilter(SCKF).In the learn-ing algorithm,the presented NT3-FLSs are deeply learned,and their nonlinear structure is preserved.The designed scheme is applied for modeling carbon cap-ture and sequestration problem using real-world data sets.Through various ana-lyses and comparisons,the better efficiency of the proposed fuzzy modeling scheme is verified.The main advantages of the suggested approach include better resistance against uncertainties,deep learning,and good convergence.

Experimental method to explore the adaptation degree of type-Ⅱand all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction structures in the same degradation system

TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal method and modified with CgN to syn-thesize a Type-Ⅱheterojunction semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C;Na.In addition,a carbon layerwas coated onto the TiO2 nanoparticles and the obtained material was uniformly covered on thesurface of CaNa to form an all-solid-state Z-scheme semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C-C3N4,Through characterization by XRD,XPS,SEM,TEM,BET,photoelectrochemical experiments,UV-visible diffuse reflection,and PL spectroscopy,the charge transfer mechanism and band gappositions for the composite photocatalysts were analyzed.The Type-Ⅱand all-solid-state Z-schemeheterojunction structures were compared.By combining microscopic internal mechanisms withmacroscopic experimental phenomena,the relationship between performance and structure wasverified.Experimental methods were used to explore the adaptation degree of different photocata-lytic mechanisms using the same degradation system.This study highlights effective photocatalystdesign to meet the requirements for specific degradation conditions.

Evaluation of teplizumab's efficacy and safety in treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Islets of Langerhans beta cells diminish in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Teplizumab,a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody,may help T1DM.Its long-term implications on clinical T1DM development,safety,and efficacy are unknown.AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of teplizumab as a therapeutic intervention for individuals with T1DM.METHODS A systematic search was conducted using four electronic databases(PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane Library)to select publications published in peerreviewed journals written in English.The odds ratio(OR)and risk ratio(RR)were calculated,along with their 95%CI.We assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane Q and I2 statistics and the appropriate P value.RESULTS There were 8 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the current meta-analysis with a total of 1908 T1DM patients from diverse age cohorts,with 1361 patients receiving Teplizumab and 547 patients receiving a placebo.Teplizumab was found to have a substantial link with a decrease in insulin consumption,with an OR of 4.13(95%CI:1.72 to 9.90).Teplizumab is associated with an improved Cpeptide response(OR 2.49;95%CI:1.62 to 3.81)and a significant change in Glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels in people with type 1 diabetes[OR 1.75(95%CI:1.03 to 2.98)],and it has a RR of 0.71(95%CI:0.53 to 0.95).CONCLUSION In type 1 diabetics,teplizumab decreased insulin consumption,improved C-peptide response,and significantly changed HbA1c levels with negligible side effects.Teplizumab appears to improve glycaemic control and diabetes management with good safety and efficacy.

基于Token编辑距离检测克隆代码

针对当前Type-3克隆代码检测工具较少、效率偏低等问题,提出了一种基于Token的能有效检测Type-3克隆代码的检测方法。该方法同时能有效检测Type-1和Type-2克隆代码。首先将源代码Token化得到特定代码粒度的Token串,其次将所有Token串的定长子串进行映射,在对映射信息进行查询的基础上,利用编辑距离算法确定克隆对,然后通过并查集算法快速构建克隆群,最终反馈克隆代码信息。实现了原型工具FClones,利用基于代码突变的框架对工具进行了评价,并与领域内较优秀的两款工具Ni Cad及Sim Cad进行了对比。实验结果表明,FClones在检测三类克隆代码时查全率均不低于95%,查准率均不低于98%,能更好地检测Type-3克隆代码。

两类广义Feistel结构的零和区分器构造

由于Feistel结构具有良好的密码学性质,它的变体——许多广义Feistel结构也成为密码算法设计者乐于选择的对象,其中由郑玉良等人设计的type-2和type-3广义Feistel结构被许多分组密码算法和密码杂凑函数所采用.所以,对这两种广义Feistel结构进行安全性分析非常必要.伪随机性是一个结构的重要安全性指标,而自2007年Knudsen和Rijmen提出了"已知密钥区分器"开始,利用构造已知密钥区分器来分析算法与结构的伪随机性逐步成为人们常用的手段.本文对type-2和type-3广义Feistel结构的积分性质进行深层挖掘,同时利用高阶积分性质与积分传播性质,将高阶积分路径与单活跃字起始的积分路径串联,分别构造这两种结构的中间起始积分区分器,即零和区分器.我们以23N/4的复杂度得到了type-2广义Feistel结构的15轮零和区分器,其中正向部分包含8轮,逆向部分包含7轮;并以同样的复杂度得到了type-3广义Feistel结构的10轮零和区分器,其中正向部分包含6轮,逆向部分包含4轮,这里N表示状态的大小.此外,我们还得到了一些低复杂度的结果,分别以2N/2和2N/4的复杂度得到了type-2广义Feistel结构的13轮和11轮零和区分器.

eLAA中基于强化学习的动态帧配置算法

增强许可辅助访问(eLAA)/MulteFire能够在免授权频谱上同时支持上行(Uplink,UL)下行(Downlink,DL)传输。在免授权频段上,eLAA/MulteFire采用LBT(Listen Before Talk,LBT)机制接入信道,但该机制并不能避免与隐藏节点之间的传输冲突,从而导致时延加长或WiFi丢包。合理灵活的帧配置将减少这种传输冲突,降低WiFi传输时延,提高信道的接入概率。本文提出一种基于Q学习(Q-learning,QL)的动态上下行帧配置(DFC)机制。在这个机制中,基站被视为一个智能体,并将吞吐时间和公平性的不同组合定义为智能体状态,不同帧配置定义为智能体行为。智能体基于获取到的临近基站的帧配置和WiFi的平均传输时长,学习得到最优的帧配置。仿真结果表明,提出的基于QL的帧配置方法在确定一定公平性的前提下,极大提高了免授权频段的信道接入概率和吞吐量,降低了传输时延。

Band alignment of type-Ⅰ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Se_(3) and type-Ⅱ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) van der Waals heterostructures for highly enhanced photoelectric responses

Heterostructures based on new advanced materials offer a cornerstone for future optoelectronic devices with improved photoelectric performance.Band alignment is crucial for understanding the mechanism of charge carrier transportation and interface dynamics in heterostructures.Herein,we grew SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)X_(3)(X=Se,Te)van der Waals heterostructures by combining physical vapor deposition with chemical vapor deposition.The band alignment,measured by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,suggested the successful design of type-Ⅰ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) and type-Ⅱ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) heterostructures.The SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)X_(3) heterostructure greatly improved the photoelectric response of a photoelectrochemical-type photodetector.The photocurrent densities in the type-Ⅰ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) and type-Ⅱ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) heterostructure-based devices were more than one order of magnitude higher than those of SnS_(2),Bi_(2)Te_(3),and Bi_(2)Te_(3).The improved photoelectric properties of the SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)X_(3) heterostructures can be explained as follows:(i)the photoexcited electrons and holes are effectively separated in the heterostructures;(ii)the charge-transfer efficiency and carrier density at the interface between the SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)X_(3) heterostructures and the electrolyte are greatly improved;(iii)the formed heterostructures expand the light absorption range.The photoelectric performance was further enhanced by efficient light trapping in the upright SnS_(2).The photoelectric response is higher in the type-Ⅰ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) heterostructure than in the type-Ⅱ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) heterostructure due to more efficient charge transportation at the type-Ⅰ SnS_(2)/Bi_(2)Te_(3) heterostructure/electrolyte interface.These results suggest that suitable type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ heterostructures can be developed for high-performance photodetectors and other optoelectronic devices.

The Importance of Heparan Sulfate in Herpesvirus Infection

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is one of many pathogens that use the cell surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate as a receptor. Heparan sulfate is highly expressed on the surface and extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types making it an ideal receptor. Heparan sulfate interacts with HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins gB and gC during the initial attachment step during HSV-1 entry. In addition,a modified form of heparan sulfate,known as 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate,interacts with HSV-1 gD to induce fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membrane. The 3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate is a rare modification which occurs during the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that is carried out by a family of enzymes known as 3-O-sulfotransferases. Due to its involvement in multiple steps of the infection process,heparan sulfate has been a prime target for the development of agents to inhibit HSV entry. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during HSV-1 infection may not only be critical for inhibiting infection by this virus,but it may also be crucial in the fight against many other pathogens as well.

Conservative management of small bowel perforation in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type Ⅳ

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders caused by collagen synthesis defects. EDS type Ⅳ, or vascular EDS, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the type Ⅲ pro-collagen gene (COL3A1 ). Common complications of EDS type IV include gastrointestinal bleeding and bowel perforations, posing diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas for both surgeons and gastroenterologists. Here, we describe a complicated case of EDS type Ⅳ in a 35-year-old caucasian female who presented with overt gastro-intestinal bleeding. The patient had a prior history of spontaneous colonic perforation, and an uncomplicated upper endoscopy was performed. A careful ileoscopy was terminated early due to tachycardia and severe ab-dominal pain, and a subsequent computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis of ileal perforation. The patient was managed conservatively, and demonstrated daily improvement. At the time of hospital discharge, no further episodes of gastrointestinal blood loss had occurred. This case highlights the benefit of conservative management for EDS patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is recommended that surgical treatmentshould be reserved for patients who fail conservative treatment or in cases of hemodynamic instability. Finally, this case demonstrates the necessity for a higher threshold of operative or endoscopic interventions in EDS type Ⅳ patients.

Low-voltage ride-through capability improvement of Type-3 wind turbine through active disturbance rejection feedback control-based dynamic voltage restorer

Disconnections due to voltage drops in the grid cannot be permitted if wind turbines(WTs)contribute significantly to electricity pro-duction,as this increases the risk of production loss and destabilizes the grid.To mitigate the negative effects of these occurrences,WTs must be able to ride through the low-voltage conditions and inject reactive current to provide dynamic voltage support.This paper investigates the low-voltage ride-through(LVRT)capability enhancement of a Type-3 WT utilizing a dynamic voltage restorer(DVR).During the grid voltage drop,the DVR quickly injects a compensating voltage to keep the stator voltage constant.This paper proposes an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme to control the rotor-side,grid-side and DVR-side converters in a wind–DVR integrated network.The performance of the Type-3 WT with DVR topology is evaluated under various test conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®.These simulation results are also compared with the experimental results for the LVRT capability performed on a WT emulator equipped with a crowbar and direct current(DC)chopper.The simulation results demonstrate a favourable transient and steady-state response of the Type-3 wind turbine quantities defined by the LVRT codes,as well as improved reactive power support under balanced fault conditions.Under the most severe voltage drop of 95%,the stator currents,rotor currents and DC bus voltage are 1.25 pu,1.40 pu and 1.09 UDC,respectively,conforming to the values of the LVRT codes.DVR controlled by the ADRC technique significantly increases the LVRT capabilities of a Type-3 doubly-fed induction generator-based WT under symmetrical voltage dip events.Although setting up ADRC controllers might be challenging,the proposed method has been shown to be extremely effective in reducing all kinds of internal and external disturbances.

Type-Ⅱ Weyl points and one-way interface transmission in a three-dimensional gyromagnetic photonic crystal

One-dimensional(1D)one-way waveguides based on topological edge states of two-dimensional(2D)gyromagnetic photonic crystals have been studied extensively.Here,we theoretically propose a three-dimensional(3D)all-dielectric gyromagnetic photonic crystal with type-Ⅱ Weyl points.Based on the inclined band properties of the type-Ⅱ Weyl surface states,we design a 2D one-way interface transmission channel on the Weyl crystal.Light waves in such 2D waveguides can be transmitted robustly over metal obstacles almost without any back-reflection,topologically protected by the type-Ⅱ Weyl points.By manipulating the magnetic field or structural parameters,we also achieve the topological phase transition between Weyl phase and 3D Chern insulator phase and obtain the corresponding phase diagram,which provides more possibilities for topological regulation of the surface states.This work suggests a new way to construct unidirectional 2D waveguides with larger area of energy transmission in 3D space,which is a promising platform for developing 3D topological photonic devices.