Application of Anti-seepage Technology in the Construction of Hydraulic Engineering Projects

With the development of China's economy,the implementation scale and scope of hydraulic engineering projects are increasing,and the application of anti-seepage technology has an important influence on the construction quality of hydraulic engineering.In this paper,the significance and problems of the application of anti-seepage technology in the construction of hydraulic engineering projects were mainly analyzed,and specific application strategies were proposed.

Resilience of hydraulic structures under significant impact of typhoons

Vulnerability to natural disasters falls into three categories： exposure, resistance, and resilience, where resilience mainly refers to the capability of a pressure-bearing system to recover by returning to its initial state, that is, the ability to adapt to disaster pressure. Resilience is a major subject of research on disaster prevention and mitigation. This research mainly focuses on the ability of the hydraulic structure to recover from the significant impacts of typhoons. According to the load/unload response ratio theory, the degree of instability by which nonlinear systems can be identified according to the difference between load and unload responses was analyzed. This analysis was used as a basis to study the resilience of a hydraulic structure. Taking the Yangtze River embankments under the impact of Typhoon Matsa as an example, the ability of the typical sections of different types of embankments to adapt to the significant impact of the typhoon, i.e., the resilience of the hydraulic structure, is described with the help of the load/unload response ratio （L）. The results of the calculated resilience reflect the actual conditions of the structure and can be used to determine the applicability of the embankment section. The load/unload response ratio theory is one of the effective tools for calculating the resilience of hydraulic structures under the significant impacts of typhoons.

Using Hydraulic Engineering Model Experiment to Study the Sediment Trapping Efficiency of Adjustable Check Dam

The construction of fully closed check dam (CD) is a conventional flood prevention mechanism implemented on rivers. Fully closed CDs trap large amounts of sediments in rivers to stabilize the river slopes and control erosion. However, fully closed CDs cannot selectively trap sediment and may easily overflow, causing them to losing their ability to mediate and hold sediments. Previous studies proposed the concept of “breathable CDs”. The researcher introduced metal slit dam (SD) that could be assembled and disassembled quickly and conveniently. Once a CD reaches maximum capacity, operators must ensure that the water channels of the dam are free from blockage. Moreover, they must inspect the internal accumulation conditions of the dam periodically or immediately following heavy typhoon rains. When necessary, either the sediment buildup in the upriver blockage must be cleared, or the transverse structure of the dam must be removed to allow fine particles to be discharged along with a moderate amount of water. These actions can free up the sediment-storing capacity of the dam for the next heavy typhoon rains. In addition, operators should also inspect the damages inflicted on the dam, such as erosion, wear and tear, and deformation conditions. Damaged components should be disassembled and repaired if possible, or recycled and reused. The present study performed channel tests to simulate closed CDs, SDs, steel pipe dam (SPDs), and steel pipe plus slit dam (SPSDs) for 50-year and 100-year frequency floods. Results were then analyzed to determine the sediment trapping (ST) effects of various CDs, the effects of “adjustable CDs”, and the changes of moderated riverbeds.

Probabilistic Approach of Coastal Defense Against Typhoon Attacks for Nuclear Power Plant

With the global warming and sea level rising, it is widely recognized that there is an increasing tendency of typhoon occurrence frequency and intensity. The defenses code against typhoon attacks for nuclear power plant should be calibrated because of the increasing threat of typhoon disaster and severe consequences. This paper discusses the probabilistic approach of definitions about ＂probable maximum typhoon＂ and ＂probable maximum storm surge＂ in nuclear safety regulations of China and has made some design code calibrations by use of a newly proposed Double Layer Nested Mtdti-objective Probability Model （DLNMPM）.

Unraveling the hydraulic properties of loess for landslide prediction:A study on variations in loess landslides in Lanzhou,Dingxi,and Tianshui,China

Loess has distinctive characteristics,leading to frequent landslide disasters and posing serious threats to the lives and properties of local re sidents.The involvement of water repre sents a critical factor in inducing loess landslides.This study focuses on three neighboring cities sequentially situated on the Loess Plateau along the direction of aeolian deposition of loess,namely Lanzhou,Dingxi,and Tianshui,which are densely populated and prone to landslide disasters.The variations in hydraulic properties,including water retention capacity and permeability,are investigated through Soil Water Characteristic Curve(SWCC)test and hydraulic conductivity test.The experimental findings revealed that Tianshui loess exhibited the highest water retention capacity,followed by Dingxi loess,while Lanzhou loess demonstrated the lowest water retention capacity.Contrastingly,the results for the saturated permeability coefficient were found to be the opposite:Tianshui loess showed the lowest permeability,whereas Lanzhou loess displayed the highest permeability.These results are supported and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation.In addition,the water retention capacity is mathematically expressed using the van Genuchten model and extended to predict unsaturated hydraulic properties of loess.The experimental results exhibit a strong accordance with one another and align with the regional distribution patterns of disasters.

Integration of InSAR and GPS for hydraulic engineering

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a potential earth observation approach, and it has been demonstrated to have a variety of applications in measuring ground movement, urban subsidence and landslides. Currently InSAR provides the ability to map accurate DEM and measure ground deformation to sub-centimeter accuracy. However, many factors affect InSAR to measure ground movement since dam constructions are built in a large scale area with a complicated climate and unstable geology. This paper discusses potential applications of integrated InSAR and GPS to monitor a large-scale ground movement due to hydropower developments. The integration of InSAR and GPS can provide a cost-effective means for monitoring deformation of hydropower developments. Moreover, two novel methods, both the improved spatial interpolating method and estimation of 3D surface motion velocities method, are proposed and the experimental results and analysis are given in this paper.

Safety evaluation system for hydraulic metal structures based on knowledge engineering

A comprehensive safety evaluation system taking the most influential factors into account has been developed to evaluate the reliability of hydraulic metal structures. Applying the techniques of AI and DB, the idea of a one-machine and three-base system is proposed. The framework of the three-base system has been designed and the structural framework constructed in turn. A practical example is given to illustrate the process of using this system and it can be used for comparison and analysis purposes. The key technology of the system is its ability to reorganize and improve the expert system＇s knowledge base by establishing the expert system. This system utilizes the computer technology inference process, making safety evaluation conclusions more reasonable and applicable to the actual situation. The system is not only advanced, but also feasible, reliable, artificially intelligent, and has the capacity to constantly grow.

Analysis of Emissions Profiles of Hydraulic Fracturing Engine Technologies

Today, the oil and gas industry, and in particular hydraulic fracturing operations, have come under increasing pressure from regulators and the public to reduce emissions. As the industry evolves, oil and gas producers are in the position of evaluating alternative technologies which will support their objectives of reducing their overall emissions profile and carbon footprint. As a response, the deployment of technology and solutions to reduce emissions related to hydraulic fracturing applications has recently accelerated, creating various options to address these industry challenges. BJ Energy Solutions and West Virginia University have been working on the application and emissions characterization of various hydraulic fracturing technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and resultant emissions from various technologies, including natural gas reciprocating engines, diesel-natural gas dual-fuel engines, large (>24 MW) gas turbines, and direct drive turbines. The study involved the development of an emissions model with the purpose of estimating total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and exhaust methane (CH4) slip, all Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), and converted to tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per day of operation. The model inputs are the required Hydraulic Horsepower (HHP) based on pumping rate and pressure for various shale play scenarios. The model calculates emissions from the TITAN, which is a direct-drive turbine model fielded by BJ, using data collected following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing protocols. The model also calculates and compares other hydraulic fracturing technologies utilizing published Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) data. Relevant EPA-regulated criteria emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM) are also reported. Modeling results demonstrated that in most cases, the TITAN gas turbine system has lower total GHG emissions than conventional diesel and other next-generation technologies, and also has lower criteria emissions. The benefits of the TITAN gas turbine system compared to the other technologies stems from significantly lower methane slip, and the high-power transfer efficiency resulting from directly connecting a turbine to a reciprocating pump, despite the comparatively lower thermal efficiency.

力学在水利水电工程专业课程中的融会贯通——以水工建筑物课程为例

力学课程是水利水电工程专业的基础课程,在整个专业培养教育中起着承上启下的重要作用。以水工建筑物课程为例,总结了材料力学、水力学、土力学等多门力学知识在专业课程中的具体应用;指出力学课程与专业课程的教学应紧密结合,即力学课程的教学应结合专业背景,从传统的“理论模式”向“工程模式”转变,专业课程的教学应从基本的力学原理出发,加深学生对工程问题的理解。

土木、水利与交通工程专业“五强一化”课程体系探索与实践

基于新工科背景下的高素质复合型和管理型人才培养已经成为土建类专业的目标需求,培养体系中课程的迭代更新则是其中的关键。以浙江大学建筑工程学院土木、水利与交通工程新工科专业为例,结合新时代发展和新工科建设的实际需求,创新性地提出“土水交融通”的先进教育理念,构建了土木、水利与交通工程专业以强智能和强实践为核心的“五强一化”课程新体系,探讨了土木、水利与交通工程专业在创新与实践、前沿与智能化两个方面的改革和实践经验。“五强一化”课程新体系实现了大土木融通的培养模式,开辟了土建类本科人才培养改革的新方向,可为高校开展新工科专业建设和人才培养提供参考。

基于DEMATEL-ISM的水利工程EPC项目价值增值机理研究

采用设计-采购-施工(engineering-procurement-construction,EPC)总承包模式的水利工程项目日益增多,研究其价值增值机理有利于总承包方做好项目的价值管理。从水利工程EPC项目的价值链分析入手,基于文献和专家访谈得到23个价值增值影响因素。采用问卷调查方式得到各因素间的影响程度评分,用决策实验和评估实验(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)法计算了各因素的中心度和原因度,结合解释结构模型(interpretative structural modeling,ISM)对数据进行分析,将价值增值因素划分为6类,构建了水利工程EPC项目价值增值的递阶模型,探究和揭示了项目价值增值的路径和机理。研究结果对水利工程EPC总承包方制订管理策略有一定启示作用。

基于OBE的液压与气压传动实验教学改革

实验教学在培养高校学生实践操作能力和综合素质等方面具有不可替代的作用。根据国家工程教育认证的评估标准,以学生为中心,对液压与气压传动课程实验教学进行了改革。改革的内容包括实验教学模式、实验内容、实验考核方式等方面,通过改革完善了实验教学体系,实验教学持续改进,同时激发了学习的积极性和主动性,提高了学生实践动手能力、解决复杂工程问题的能力,较好地达成了课程目标。

高职水利类课程“课程思政”教学模式探索——以水利工程监理概论课为例

以“课程思政”教育教学理念为抓手,针对高职水利类专业课程《水利工程监理概论》,充分挖掘蕴含在课程中的思政元素,研究将“课程思政”融入该课程的途径和方法,从而在传授学生水利监理相关专业知识的同时,培养学生的爱国情怀、提高学生的思想道德素质、帮助学生树立正确三观,并助力推动“三全育人”工作。通过一学期的实践发现取得了较好的效果,为其他专业课程的“课程思政”教学实践提供了参考。

课程思政视域下校企合作教学案例库建设研究——以鲁东大学土木水利专业硕士课程教学为例

案例教学法是培养工程领域高素质创新型人才的有效途径,土木水利专业硕士研究生工程实践能力的提升亟需建立完善的教学案例库。本文研究了课程思政视域下土木水利专业硕士(土木工程领域)校企合作教学案例库建设,主要包括案例库的总体框架、案例库主题方向和素材来源、案例库共享机制等内容,旨在为土木水利专业硕士相关课程案例库的建设提供理论思路和实践指导。

水利工程质量监督全过程全方位定量评价模型构建

为促进我国水利工程质量监督管理工作运行的高效化,确保工程监督的有效性和权威性,基于AHP(analytic hierarchy process)原理,针对水利部督查小组的现场检查情况,依据水利部下达的相关文件,结合负分制和一票否决制,将定性问题定量化,构建一套涉及水利工程建设、运行、管理全过程全方位的质量监督管理评价模型,共包含7层2112个指标。在综合试错的基础上,计算得出不同层级和不同指标的权重,然后选用该模型分析评价2020年7个省份受督查水利工程项目的质量管理与安全生产管理监督数据,间接说明模型的实用性和易操作性。评价结果表明:7个省份均在合格以上,整体质量管理情况较好,但得分差异显著,其中最高得分90.6、最低得分65.6,相差25分;不同类型管理评价结果显示,安全生产管理得分普遍高于质量管理得分;各参建单位评价结果显示,建设单位和勘察设计单位的情况最优、评分基本达到满分,而质量检测单位和施工单位得分最低、需重点加强相关监管。评价结果为水利工程监督管理工作提供了科学的数据支撑,构建的评价模型也为水利工程质量监督定量化提供了易实操的普适性工具。

实践与创新融合赋能专业硕士人才培养探究——以塔里木大学土木水利专业硕士为例

专业硕士在我国得到了快速发展,该文在分析塔里木大学土木水利专业硕士人才培养过程中存在问题的基础上,提出实践能力和创新能力融合赋能是专业硕士人才质量的重要基础保障,构建了基于“一核两翼四驱动”土木水利专业硕士研究生实践和创新能力培养模式,实现专业硕士研究生实践能力和创新能力融合发展,提高土木水利专业学位研究生人才培养质量。

基于高度冲突专家意见融合的水利工程应急决策

为解决D-S(dempster-shafer)证据理论无法有效集结高冲突专家意见对水利工程应急决策结果的影响,提出了基于Lance距离和信息熵改进D-S证据理论的水利工程应急决策中的专家意见融合方法。首先,利用改进的直觉模糊熵计算属性权重,充分考虑了决策信息的模糊性,得到各专家对方案的Mass函数;然后,使用Lance距离衡量任意两个专家之间的冲突和差异性得到评价证据的可信度,使用信息熵描述专家决策时的随机性问题得到评价证据的不确定度,并将二者折扣处理后得到专家综合权重,保证修正权重的准确合理;最后使用D-S证据组合规则计算修正后各专家对方案的Mass函数,得到最终决策结果。通过实例分析及方法对比验证了模型的有效性,结果表明,提出的方法可以有效集结高度冲突专家意见,与其他方法相比融合结果精度更高,考虑问题更为科学有效,可为水利工程应急决策提供依据。

农业水利工程专业课程思政建设与实践

课程思政建设是高校课程建设的重要内容,水利专业课程具有专业性强和通用性窄的特点,在传统水利专业课程中开展课程思政教学是一个难点。文章结合农业水利工程专业课程思政建设实践,探讨了采用OBE理念持续开展课程思政建设的思路和实践,在农业水利工程专业课程中实现了“课程思政目标―课程思政教学开展―课程思政教学评价―持续改进”的动态建设模式,为传统水利专业课程思政建设提供了有效的方案和途径。

数字化波浪补偿分离式液压钻机的研制

基于能源绿色、风力大等优势,海上风力发电技术近年来越来越受到重视,正由浅海向深海发展,且小型发电机逐步被大功率发电机取代。海上风力发电中风电场的选址、风机的基础设计、桩基施工、地层测试等,都离不开钻探和井内静力触探技术。为了满足海上勘察钻机的要求,研发了数字化波浪补偿分离式液压钻机,主要是在数字化、自动化、回转、波浪补偿等功能,以及模块化设计、制造工艺等方面进行了创新。通过理论参数核算、海上应用测试、深海生产施工验证,证明该钻机不仅可满足使用需求,并且比常规钻机更加方便管理、高效安全,还降低了钻探的辅助成本。

基于云模型-模糊FMECA法的水库大坝安全性分析

模糊FMECA法通过对水库大坝隐患出现的频率、影响程度进行评价,并通过赋予权重及模糊综合评判对大坝进行风险评估,具有一定的科学性及实用性,但仍存在无法体现大坝隐患因子的随机性及无法准确反应专家主观偏好关系的缺陷。基于此,提出了云模型-模糊FMECA法的水库大坝安全性分析方法,将模糊FMECA法中的评判矩阵、权重矩阵、对应的评语集进行逆向计算,得出了云模型数字特征值,通过模糊评判得到水库大坝风险评判结果的云模型;根据约束条件确定相应评语集的云模型的数字特征值,将大坝风险评判结果的云模型及各评语集云模型通过MATLAB仿真化,以此实现对水库大坝的安全性评价;将该方法运用到云南省某大坝中,得到了该大坝的内部安全评估等级为A,与现场专家组评判结果一致。证明了基于云模型-模糊FMECA法的水库大坝安全性分析具有一定的可行性及科学性。