DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYPROPYLENE FILLED WITH ULTRA-FINE POWDERED RUBBER PARTICLES

Dynamic rheological characteristics of polypropylene (PP) filled with ultra-fine full-vulcanized powdered rubber (UFPR) composed of styrene-butadiene copolymer were studied through dynamic rheological measurements on an Advanced Rheometric Expansion System (ARES). A specific viscoelastic phenomenon, i.e. 'the second plateau', appeared at low frequencies, and exhibits a certain dependence on the amount of rubber particles and the dispersion state in the matrix. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of aggregation structure of rubber particles. The analyses of Cole-Cole diagrams of the dynamic viscoelastic functions suggest that the heterogeneity of the composites is enhanced on increasing both particle content and temperature.

Optimal Conditions for Preparing Ultra-Fine CeO_2 Powders in A Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor

Cerium carbonate powders were produced in a submerged circulation impinging stream reactor （SCISR） from Ce（NO3）3· 6H2O. NH4HCO3 was used as a precipitant in the reaction. Cerium carbonate powders were roasted to produce ultra-fine cerium dioxide （CeO2） powders. The optimal conditions of such production process were obtained by orthogonal and one-factor experiments. The results showed that ultra-fine and narrowly distributed cerium carbonate powders were produced under the optimal flowing conditions. The concentrations of Ce（NO3）3 and NH4HCO3 solutions were 02,5 and 0.3 mol · L^-1, respectively. The concentration of PEG4000 added in these two solutions was 4 g · L^-1. The stirring ratio, reaction temperature, feeding time, solution pH, reaction time and digestion time were 900 r · min^- 1,80 ℃, 20 min, 5 - 6, 5 min and 1 h, respectively. The final product, CeO2 powders, was obtained by roasting the produced cerium carbonate in air for 3 h at 500 ℃. The finally produced CeO2 powders were torispherical particles with a narrow size distribution of 0.8 -2.5 μm. The crystal structure of CeO2 powders belonged to cubic crystal system and its space point 5 group was OH^5-FM3M. Under optimal conditions, powders produced by SCISR were finer and more narrowly distributed than that by Stirred Tank Reactor （STR）.

Hydrogen Reduction:A Novel Method of Synthesizing Ultra-fine Chromic Oxide Powder

The ultra-fine chromic oxide powder was prepared by a novel gas-solid reduction reaction.Na2CrO4 was firstly reduced with hydrogen at 400-600 ℃.The obtained reduction products,mainly the mixture of NaCrO2 and sodium hydroxide（NaOH）,were converted into chromic oxide through hydrolysis followed by calcination.The obtained chromic oxide product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） and SEM.The results show that the hydrolysis process of sodium chromite is the key step and lower reduction temperature helps intensify the hydrolysis process.

Preparation of Ultrafine Tungsten Powder by Sol-Gel Method

Sol-gel method was employed for the preparation of nanoscale tungsten powder. The effects of different preparation conditions on particle size were discussed and the optimum preparation condition was found. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scan electron microscopy and so on. The results show that the intermediate is monoclinic WO3, its particle shape is approximately spherical, and the particle size distribution is narrow. The average particle size is about 60 nm. After deoxidization, WO3 turns into cubic tungsten powder with small particle size （average particle size about 120 nm） and narrow size distribution.

Strengthening of HT250 by modified ultra-fine ceramic powders

In this study, three kinds of modified ultra-fine ceramic powders marked A, B and C, which were prepared by each of three different modifiers mixing with a commercial SiC, were added to HT250 cast iron, respectively, and the effects of the modified ultra-fine ceramic powders on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance were studied. Metallographic examination, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional surface topography were applied to analyze and compare the samples containing modified powder with the original samples. The results showed that the most obvious modification effect among the powders was seen in the sample containing powder A, with the graphite and eutectic cells being refined, the tensile strength being increased by 36.9%, and the wear resistance being improved by 45.5% and 47.2% under loads of 150 N and 300 N, respectively. The improvements of mechanical properties and wear resistance in the HT250 cast iron with the modified ultra-fine ceramic powders were attributed to the synergistic effect of the grain refinement with the powder acting as a hard particle phase and the lubrication by the graphite.

Microstructure and properties of liquid-phase sintered tungsten heavy alloys by using ultra-fine tungsten powders

The microstructure and properties of liquid-phase sintered 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe tungsten heavy alloys using ultra-fine tungsten powders (medium particle size of 700 nm) and original tungsten powders (medium particle size of 3 μm) were investigated respectively. Commercial tungsten powders (original tungsten powders) were mechanically milled in a high-energy attritor mill for 35 h. Ultra-fine tungsten powders and commercial Ni, Fe powders were consolidated into green compacts by using CIP method and liquid-phase sintering at 1 465 ℃ for 30 min in the dissociated ammonia atmosphere. Liquid-phase sintered tungsten heavy alloys using ultra-fine tungsten powders exhibit full densification (above 99% in relative density) and higher strength and elongation compared with conventional liquid-phase sintered alloys using original tungsten powders due to lower sintering temperature at 1 465 ℃ and short sintering time. The mechanical properties of sintered tungsten heavy alloy are found to be mainly dependent on the particles size of raw tungsten powders and liquid-phase sintering temperature.

Preparation of Well Dispersed and Ultra-Fine Ce(Zr)O_2 Mixed Oxide by Mechanochemical Processing

Ultra-fine CeO_2-ZrO_2 mixed oxide was successfully synthesized by wet-solid phase mechanochemical processing, Ce_2(CO_3)_3·8H_2O, ZrOCl_2·xH_2O and ammonia were used as reactants. It is found that the crystalline Ce_2(CO_3)_3·8H_2O and ZrOCl_2·xH_2O are changed to amorphous cerium and zirconium hydroxide precursor after milling with ammonia, and Ce_(0.15)Zr_(0.85)O_2 mixed oxide with pure tetragonal phase structure and medium particle size(D_(50))less than 1μm is formed by calcining precursor over 673 K. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal unite size increases with rising calcining temperature due to crystal growth. However, the particle size and BET surface area of the Ce(Zr)O_2 mixed oxide decreases with rising calcining temperature, which may be attributed to the contract of particles and the vanish of holes inside grains.

Crystal Structure of Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃Fine Powder

Various compositions of the system BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) have been elaborated both as fine powders and ceramic monoliths, using the co-precipitation route within a warmed supersaturated solution of oxalic acid. The appropriate stoichiometry was determined from the mixtures of precisely titrated aqueous solutions of cations chlorides (SrCl2, BaCl2, and TiCl4). The reason of this process was to apply low sintering temperature in production of BST samples with ultra-fine powders. These powders primarily calcined at (850°C) for (5 hr) were used to elaborate ceramics after pellets sintering at (1200°C) during (8 hrs). Indeed, XRD patterns were confirmed that the samples are a pure phase and a perovskite cubic structural type at (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6). Whereas, (x = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1) showed a tetragonal phase. There is agreement between the FTIR and XRD analysis, by the relation of the wave vector (K) and lattice constant. It was deduced a stimulated relation between (x) and (K). The results of TEM, they were clear that the lowest particle sizes investigated of BST powders nearly (36 - 50 nm).

隧道超挖超耗管控措施研究

隧道的超挖超耗管控是绿色低碳时代背景下工程界最关心的难题,对施工企业的成本控制和效益提升具有重要意义。以武两高速XFS隧道为背景,系统总结了隧道超挖超耗的10类影响因素和常见对策,包括围岩条件、施工参数、测量放样、爆破方案、钻孔质量、喷射混凝土回弹率、预留变形量、物资设备性能、作业人员水平和现场施工管控。分析了XFS隧道超挖超耗的原因,并制定了加强地质预报和超前支护施作,减小开挖进尺;动态调整爆破方案,严格炮孔质量检查;引入超细改性硅微粉优化配合比,提高喷射工艺水平;加强现场施工管控,制定超挖超耗管控办法,落实作业人员的激励奖惩等措施。措施执行后,XFS隧道平均超挖由30.1 cm降低至16.6 cm,综合超耗由173.7%降低至100.7%。

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-sized Boron Powder Prepared by Plasma Torch

Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5：1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）, inductive combustion infrared absorption （ICIA） and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer （ITCA）. The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.

Preparation of Ultra-nano Talcum in Sand Mill and Its Application in the Polypropylene

The grinding of ultra-fine talcum powder and its application in a polypropylene （PP） matrix were investigated. Ultra-fine talcum powder was prepared by adjusting the grinding parameters of the physical milling process. The talcum powder exhibited polymodal distribution. The layered morphology of talcum particles in a horizontal sand mill was rarely damaged or destroyed. PP-talcum nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. Nano talcum can be seen as a single particle, although it is not very apparent. The bending strength of talcum-filled PP was gradually increased by approximately 28%. The impact strength linearly decreased as the filler weight ratio increased. The overall maximum improvement in mechanical properties was recorded when the filler ratios increased from 15 wt% to 20 wt%.

Preparation of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Fly Ash and Steel Slag Powder

To decrease the cement and SF content of RPC by using ultra-fine fly ash （UFFA） and steel slag powder （SS）, the effect of these mineral admixtures on compressive strength of RPC were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the utilization of UFFA and SS in RPC is feasible and has prominent mechanical performance. The microstructure analysis （SEM and TG-DTG-DSC） demonstrated that the excellent mechanical properties of RPC containing SS and UFFA were mainly attributed to the sequential hydration filling effect of the compound system.

多元固废微粉对混凝土性能的影响及机理分析

将多元固废微粉(粉煤灰、矿粉、石灰石粉、脱硫石膏)等质量部分替代水泥制备了混凝土,研究了石灰石粉掺量(0~15%)和脱硫石膏掺量(0~4%)对混凝土力学性能和抗碳化性能的影响,并分析了多元固废微粉的作用机理。结果表明:当石灰石粉掺量为4%且脱硫石膏掺量为2%时,试件的抗压和劈裂抗拉强度最大;当石灰石粉掺量为8%且脱硫石膏掺量为2%时,试件的抗碳化性能最好;石灰石粉在混凝土中能发挥成核、填充、化学和稀释作用;脱硫石膏可作为硫酸盐类激发剂激发粉煤灰、矿粉的火山灰活性,促进早期水化产物的生成。

超微茶粉理化分析及其深加工产品的研究进展

茶产业逐渐由产茶的单一产业结构向综合利用、精加工、高附加值和可持续的产业结构发展。超微茶粉作为茶叶深加工的重要产品之一,对其深加工和综合利用的进一步发展变得十分重要。本文通过对超微茶粉的理化性质,功能作用、加工技术、在食品方面的应用进行综述,并对超微茶粉发展进行展望,期望为后期超微茶粉的综合开发利用提供参考。

超细地质样品的谱学特征及矿物分布形态研究

地质样品粒度已成为制约提高分析精度的关键因素,近年来超细地质样品的制备已越来越多地受到地质分析实验室关注,目前仍广泛采用74μm的地质样品粒度水平已越来越不能满足高精度、高灵敏度、小取样量和微区现代分析技术的要求,迫切需要发展适应地质实验室批量生产的超细地质样品制备技术。采用X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电子显微镜、差热分析等测试技术获得了地质样品超细化前后的谱学特征、并对超细地质样品中矿物分布形态进行研究。结果表明:超细加工使矿物结晶度降低,晶体产生晶胞畸变;矿物粒度分布主要集中于0.5~30μm,随矿物粒径减小,颗粒棱角逐渐消失,颗粒边界变模糊;矿物超细化后脱吸附水的热效应范围变宽,吸热效应变宽缓;矿物在超细地质样品中有单颗粒、集合体、团聚、包裹四种分布形态,影响地质样品超细化程度的主要因素是不易粉碎的矿物单颗粒和矿物集合体。基本查明了超细地质样品的谱学特征和矿物形态分布特点,为改进超细地质样品制备工艺和开发先进制备技术提供科学依据,对解决地质样品超细化均质性问题,提高地质样品分析准确性具有重要意义。

Preparation and properties of Nd:YAG ultra-fine powders

Ultra-fine Nd：YAG powders with different doping concentrations were synthesized by sol-gel combustion method. The pure Nd：YAG could be prepared at the low temperature of 900℃. Ethanol could improve the dispersity of powders, and the average size of the ultra-fine powders was around 250 nm. The reflection spectrum showed that there were several apparent characteristic absorption peaks and the intensity of these peaks enhanced with the increasing concentration of Nd^3＋. The luminescence spectrum, which was excited by 808 nm wavelength, exhibited several obvious emission bands in the range of 900-1150 nm. The emission intensity of Nd：YAG powders increased until the Nd content was above 3 mol.% due to the fluorescent quenching effect.

超细碳酸氢钠干粉灭火剂灭火性能评价

采用球磨工艺制备了碳酸氢钠超细干粉灭火剂,基于正交实验法研究了球磨转速、球磨时间、球料比(质量比)对干粉灭火剂粒径和临界灭火质量浓度的影响,优化了制备工艺。结果表明:随着球磨转速和球料比的增加,灭火剂D90粒径和临界灭火质量浓度呈下降趋势,随着球磨时间的增加,D90粒径和临界灭火质量浓度呈先下降后增加的趋势;灭火剂粒径和临界灭火质量浓度存在线性相关性,相关系数达到了0.95;球磨转速对粒径和临界灭火质量浓度的影响最显著,其次是球料比和球磨时间;当球磨转速为500 r·min^(-1)、球磨时间为40 min、球料比为1.2时,超细干粉灭火剂的D90粒径为17μm,临界灭火质量浓度为21.7 g·m^(-3),表现出较好的灭火性能。

北京艺术中心自动灭火系统与装饰设计结合及实施的探讨

建筑物自动灭火系统作为消防设施的核心组成部分,起着至关重要的作用,其布置的恰当与否直接影响控火灭火效率。基于北京艺术中心项目,介绍如何将设计自动灭火系统与装饰设计结合及实施,以确保建筑物的安全性和可持续发展。

配碳方式对超细WC粉末性能的影响

为了改善超细WC粉末的性能,尤其是降低其压制压力,本文研究了配碳方式对超细WC粉末性能的影响。结果表明:碳黑类型、配碳器类型、配碳时间和晶粒长大抑制剂碳化铬的添加次序对WC粉末性能有显著影响;碳黑类型影响WC的总碳和氧含量,对粉末的压制压力没有明显影响;配碳器类型对WC总碳和氧含量没有明显影响,与卧式配碳器比较,立式配碳器制备的WC粒度较小,压制压力更大;配碳时间对总碳、氧含量、粒度都没有明显的影响,配碳时间过长会提高压制压力;碳化铬添加次序对总碳没有明显的影响,添加碳化铬会增加WC的氧含量,降低WC粉末的粒度,增加压制压力。

煤矸石基超细粉对混凝土性能影响分析

煤矸石是煤炭开采和洗选过程中的副产物,综合利用率低,实现煤矸石在建材行业的科学利用是其资源化的重要途径。将煤矸石破碎研磨制备成超细粉,探究不同掺量的煤矸石基超细粉对C50混凝土坍落度、抗压-抗折强度和抗冻、抗渗性能的影响规律,并采用水化热、X射线衍射等方法探明了煤矸石基超细粉影响混凝土的作用机理。结果表明:煤矸石基超细粉会降低混凝土的坍落度,劣化保坍性能;随超细粉掺量增加,混凝土的力学强度和耐久性能呈现先提高后下降的趋势,最优掺量为8%。此外,超细粉对水化产物类型没有影响,但会显著提高水化速率,加快水化进程,细化孔结构,密实基体,提高混凝土的抗冻能力和抗渗高度。