Comparison between Two Different Manufactured Forms of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Graft in Immediate Implant Placement

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using the synthetic β-TCP bone grafting material in two different manufacturing forms (putty and granular) in grafting the jumping zone around immediate implant. Patients and Method: A randomized controlled clinical and radiographic trial was conducted on 24 male patients aged from 45 - 55 with badly decayed non-restorable teeth in the posterior mandibular area and seeking for receiving immediate dental implant directly after extraction. Vertical bone height and bone density were taken at time of implant placement and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The Putty form group and the Granular form group did not differ statistically in terms of age, post-operative complications, or implant outcome six months postoperatively. Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in Putty form group compared to the Granular form group regarding Marginal bone loss 6 months postoperatively, but there was no statistically significant difference between the Putty form group and the Granular form group regarding Bone density by CBCT. Conclusion: The β-TCP Putty material, compared to β-TCP granular, displayed better surgical handling properties, and both forms had no adverse effect on bone formation, bone tissue maturation or graft volume stability, The β-TCP granular material, compared to β-TCP putty, displayed less marginal bone loss 6 months post-operatively.

Osteogenesis and Degradation Behavior of rhBMP-27/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Porous Composite Materials

Ultrafine-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)powders with good crystalline structure were produced by a new process through bone tissue engineering approach rorous β-TCPcermic was combined with recombined human bone morphogenetic proteins-2(rhBMP-2)to develop a novel composite material ,osteogenesis capacity of the composite was investigated intramuscularly in rat with histological analyses and SEM examination pureβ-TCP porous carmic wsa investigated as the control results show that the compostie materials possess good bilcompatibility biodegradation and strong osteogenesis capacity through inductive process after implantation material degradation began from 2 weeks post-implantation accompanying with the changing o pore structure with the enwrapping and separation fo materials by hyperplatic mesenchymal cells and fibroblast and with the phagocytose reaction of multinucleated giant cells early in 72h immature cartilage could be found within novel composite mature lamellar bone was induced to generate after 3 weeks with strong osteoinduction capacity and controlable bildegradation the novel rhBMP-2\β-TCP porous ceramic is expected to be a promising bone grafting substitute for bone tissue engineering

Hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium Phosphate Composite for Guiding Bone Tissue Growth into a Titanium Tube in 8 mm Dog Tibia Cavity Defects

We developed a fixation method and evaluate bone regrowth in the cavities of a Ф4 mm× 8 mm titanium（Ti）tube through porous hydroxyapatite（HAP）/β-tricalcium phosphate（β-TCP）composite filling（group A）,chitosan/calcium phosphate composite filling（group B）,and HAP particle modification（group C）.After 2 and 5 months of implantation in dog tibia defects,new bone formation in the three groups was studied by histology and histomorphometry.Group A displayed the most bone regenerated area in both 2 and 5 months post-operation.The chitosan/calcium phosphate composite in group B mostly degraded 2 months after implantation,leading to fibrous tissue invasion after 5 months.By contrast,less bone formation was observed in group C.These results indicated that filling the cavities of metalprostheses with a porous HAP/β-TCP composite can be used for stable long-term fixation in clinicalsettings.

Three-dimensional printing of β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium silicate composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Bioactive scaffolds with interconnected porous structures are essential for guiding cell growth and new bone formation. In this work, we successfully fabricated three-dimensional （3D） porous β-tricalcium phosphate （β-TCP）/calcium silicate （CS） composite scaffolds with different ratios by 3D printing technique and further investigated the physiochemical properties, in vitro apatite mineralization properties and degradability of porous β-TCP/CS scaffolds. Moreover, a series of in vitro cell experiments including the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells were conducted to testify their biological performances. The results showed that 3D printed β-TCP/CS scaffolds possessed of controllable internal porous structures and external shape. Furthermore, the introduction of CS decreased the shrinkage of scaffolds and improved the in vitro apatite formation activity and degradation rate. Meanwhile, compared with pure β- TCP scaffold, the β-TCP/CS composite scaffolds were more conducive to promote cell adhesion, spread and osteogenesis differentiation. However, when the content of CS was increased to 45%, the ions dissolution rate of the composite scaffolds was so high that leaded to the increase in pH value, which inhibited the proliferation of cells. Our results suggested that the introduction of appropriate CS into β-TCP bioceramic is an effective strategy to prepare bioactive 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration.

Microemulsion Synthesis of Mesoporous β-tricalcium Phosphate Powder with a Novel System

The synthesis of mesoporous β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)powder was performed by using the microemulsion approach,with hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB)/cyclohexane/n-octyl alcohol microemulsion system.The influences of different pH values and calcination temperatures on the phase composition of the β-TCP powder were studied.The in vitro proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in the suspensions of β-TCP powders with meso-structure was studied.The phase composition,mesoporous structure,powder morphology,cell morphology and the optical density(OD)were characterized through X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,Nadsorption-desorption isotherms,inverted phase contrast microscopy and Multiskan spectrum,respectively.The mesoporous β-TCP powder with specific surface area of 12.85 m^(2)/g and the average pore size 7.11 nm was obtained through the microemulsion approach(100 g/L CTAB/250 mL/L cyclohexane/250 mL/L n-octyl alcohol)with a controlled pH of 7.0,after calcinating the powder at 800℃.It was confirmed that mesoporous β-TCP powder benefits the activity of BMSCs more than the non-mesoporous β-TCP powder.

Local Application of Alendronate on <i>β</i>-Tricalcium Phosphate Accelerated Induction of Osteogenesis with Formation of Giant Osteoclast-Like Cell

Intrinsic osteoinductivity—the ability to induce bone formation in ectopic sites without addition of osteogenic factors has been reported in various porous materials. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast-like cells are thought to play an important role in material-induced osteoinduction. To investigate the influence of osteoclastic activity on intrinsic osteoinduction, we loaded alendronate (10–2 , 10–4 , and 10–6 M) onto porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) blocks to inhibit osteoclastic activity, and evaluated osteoinductivity by implantation of the blocks into the dorsal muscles of adult beagle dogs. Alendronate-loaded porous β-TCP blocks increased both speed and amount of osteoinduction, as measured 4 weeks after implantation, with the 10–4 M alendronate-loaded β-TCP being especially active. This finding indicates that β-TCP loaded with 10–4 M alendronate might prove crucial in providing the desirable balance between the degradation rate of bone scaffolds and their osteoinductive replacement. Thus, material-induced osteoinduction may be controlled by local application of alendronate, establishing alendronate loading as a promising therapeutic approach.

Microstructure and mechanical properties analysis of β-tricalcium phosphate/carbon nanotubes scaffold based on rapid prototyping

β-TCP ceramic scaffolds were fabricated with selective laser sintering (SLS) in this work. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mixed with porous β-TCP matrix to enhance the mechanical performance of the bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffold reconstruction and microstructure analysis were fulfilled based on micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning data. Results show that the strength of scaffold mixed with 0.2% CNTs reaches 0.819 MPa which has been improved by 85.7% compared with that without CNTs. Micro-CT analysis shows that the scaffold has a good interconnectivity, and pore size mainly distributes in the two regions of 60-340 μm and 500-620 μm.

超高韧性磷酸镁水泥基复合材料压缩力学性能研究

磷酸镁水泥(Magnesium phosphate cement,MPC)是一种具有凝结时间短、早期强度高、粘结性能好等诸多优点的新型无机胶凝材料,但材料本身具有脆性性质,应变能力低。工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composites,ECC)是通过在水泥基复合材料中添加高性能纤维制备而成。通过纤维增韧技术,可以制备出同时具备MPC和ECC优良特性的超高韧性磷酸镁水泥基复合材料(Ultra-high toughness magnesium phosphate cement-based composites,UHTMC)。本工作通过拉伸试验证实了UHTMC具有优异的拉伸力学性能、应变硬化和多缝开裂特征。通过试件的轴心抗压强度、极限压应变、受压弹性模量和泊松比分析了粉煤灰(Fly ash,FA)替代量(0%、15%、30%和45%)和养护龄期(14 d和28 d)对UHTMC压缩力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,UHTMC试件表现出良好的压缩韧性,随着粉煤灰替代量的增加和养护龄期的延长,试件的轴心抗压强度和受压弹性模量升高,但极限压应变降低,泊松比变化较小。通过对UHTMC的轴心受压应力-应变全曲线进行分析,提出和建立了轴心受压本构关系模型。最后,从微观层面上分析了粉煤灰替代量和养护龄期影响UHTMC宏观压缩力学性能的机理。

复合磷酸盐螯合剂对超高压处理的骆驼乳品质的影响

骆驼乳有较高的营养价值及保健功效,但超高压灭菌过程中经常出现凝乳现象,因而常加入磷酸盐螯合剂提高骆驼乳的稳定性。该研究以探究超高压处理的骆驼乳品质的影响为目的,以超高压处理后的骆驼乳为研究对象,对不同磷酸盐螯合剂的种类、比例进行感官评定,优化加入磷酸盐螯合剂后超高压处理的工艺,分析加入复合磷酸盐螯合剂的超高压处理骆驼乳的理化指标、流变学特性、感官风味等品质特性产生的影响。结果表明,加入0.07%焦磷酸钠和0.1%(均为质量分数)六偏磷酸钠组成的复合磷酸盐螯合剂的骆驼乳,经550 MPa、22 min超高压处理后,其酸度值降低,pH值升高,流变学特性良好,酸味、苦味和涩味值减弱,且对氮氧化合物、醛酮类及芳香族化合物敏感。综上所述,加入复合磷酸盐螯合剂可改善超高压处理的骆驼乳的品质。该研究为综合利用骆驼乳以及骆驼乳的产业化提供试验基础和理论依据。

Effect of minor amounts of β-calcium pyrophosphate and hydroxyapatite on the physico-chemical properties and osteoclastic resorption of β-tricalcium phosphate cylinders

β-Tricalcium Phosphate(β-TCP),one of the most used bone graft substitutes,may contain up to 5 wt%foreign phase according to standards.Typical foreign phases includeβ-calcium pyrophosphate(β-CPP)and hydroxyapatite(HA).Currently,the effect of small amounts of impurities on β-TCP resorption is unknown.This is surprising since pyrophosphate is a very potent osteoclast inhibitor.The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of small β-CPP fractions(<1 wt%)on the in vitro osteoclastic resorption of β-TCP.A minor aim was to examine the effect of β-CPP and HA impurities on the physico-chemical properties of β-TCP powders and sintered cylinders.Twenty-six batches of β-TCP powder were produced with a Ca/P molar ratio varying between 1.440 and 1.550.Fifteen were further processed to obtain dense and polished β-TCP cylinders.Finally,six of them,with a Ca/P molar ratio varying between 1.496(1 wt% β-CPP)and 1.502(1 wt% HA),were incubated in the presence of osteoclasts.Resorption was quantified by white-light interferometry.Osteoclastic resorption was significantly inhibited by β-CPP fraction in a linear manner.The presence of 1% β-CPP reduced β-TCP resorption by 40%,which underlines the importance of controllingβ-CPP content when assessing β-TCP biological performance.

Heterotopic bone formation in the musculus latissimus dorsi of sheep usingβ-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds:evaluation of different seeding techniques

Osseous reconstruction of large bone defects remains a challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery.In addition to autogenous bone grafts,which despite potential donor-site mobility still represent the gold standard in reconstructive surgery,many studies have investigated less invasive alternatives such as in vitro cultivation techniques.This study compared different types of seeding techniques on pureβ-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds in terms of bone formation and ceramic resorption in vivo.Cylindrical scaffolds loaded with autologous cancellous bone,venous blood,bone marrow aspirate concentrate or extracorporeal in vitro cultivated bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in sheep on a perforator vessel of the musculus latissimus dorsi over a 6-month period.Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that scaffolds loaded with cancellous bone were superior at promoting heterotopic bone formation and ceramic degradation,with autogenous bone and bone marrow aspirate concentrate inducing in vivo formation of vital bone tissue.These results confirm that autologous bone constitutes the preferred source of osteoinductive and osteogenic material that can reliably induce heterotopic bone formation in vivo.

Sustained release of Semaphorin 3A from a-tricalcium phosphate based cement composite contributes to osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells

The reinforcement of calcium phosphate materials with silk fibroin （SF） has been one of the strategies to overcome the brittleness. However, the lack of osteoinductivity may still restrict their further use. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and osteogenesis capacity of a novel Semaphorin 3A-loaded chitosan microspheres/SF/a-tricalcium phosphate composite （Sema3A CMs/SF/a-TCP） in vitro. Sema3A was first incorporated into CMs, and the Sema3A CMs/SF/a-TCP composite was then prepared. The morphology of the CMs was observed using SEM. The in vitro release kinetics, cytotoxicity, and cell compatibility were evaluated, and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） and activity of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were used to evaluate the osteogenesis capacity of the composite. The in vitro release of Sema3A from the Sema3A CMs/SF/a-TCP composite showed a temporally controlled manner. The extract of the Sema3A CMs/SF/a-TCP composite presented no obvious side effect on the MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, nor promote cell proliferation. The MC3T3-E1 cells were well-spread and presented an elongated shape on the Sema3A CMs/SF/a-TCP composite surface; the ALP activity and the osteogenic-related gene expression were higher than those seeded on the surface of the CMs/SF/a-TCP and SF/a-TCP composites. In conclusion, Sema3A CMslSF/a-TCP has excellent biocompatibility and contributes to the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

改性α-磷酸锆/超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的制备及摩擦磨损性能

超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)是一种力学性能优良的自润滑高分子材料,但其耐磨粒磨损较差,磨损率大。采用改性二维α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)填充以期改善PE-UHMW复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。首先采用三羟甲基氨基甲烷对α-ZrP进行插层剥离,然后用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷对α-ZrP进行表面接枝修饰改性,以提高α-ZrP与PE-UHMW基体间的界面相互作用。对改性前后的α-ZrP进行了结构表征,结果表明α-ZrP表面接枝修饰成功并制备出改性α-ZrP(G-ZrP)。测试了不同G-ZrP含量的G-ZrP/PE-UHMW复合材料试样的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,G-ZrP与PE-UHMW基体之间形成锚定黏结结构。当G-ZrP质量分数为2%时,G-ZrP/PE-UHMW复合材料试样的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.1720和3.594×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m),分别比纯PE-UHMW试样降低约9.0%和47.1%;磨痕深度为2μm左右,磨痕最浅,相比纯PE-UHMW样品(磨痕深度8μm左右)减少了约75%。在复合材料的摩擦过程中,G-ZrP在摩擦表面积聚产生了良好的自润滑介层作用,不仅有助于降低摩擦副间的直接接触,还能通过层间滑动降低摩擦系数。同时,表面乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷分子链之间的氢键作用以及与PE-UHMW分子链之间的锚定黏结结构,有助于滑动摩擦过程中的载荷转换,又能降低复合材料摩擦表面的变形和撕裂,减少了复合材料的磨损量,有效地改善PE-UHMW的摩擦磨损性能。

中空注浆矿用锚索用6.20 mm 2200 MPa钢丝生产

中空注浆矿用锚索用6.20 mm 2200 MPa超高强度钢丝因强度要求高,生产难度大,在生产时容易出现断丝,表面处理时采用盐酸两道次浸泡酸洗,酸洗后水冲洗采用先高压水冲洗再浸泡洗然后再高压水冲洗的方式,水冲洗后选用锌系高温快速磷化液,磷化时间3~5 min,选用8道次拉拔。采用该工艺生产的钢丝能够满足产品的要求。

超细粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定磷矿石中12种组分

粉末压片法是一种理想的绿色环保制样方法，简单快速，但是粒度效应对测定结果的影响很大，限制了这种方法在很多领域的应用。为了解决粒度效应对粉末直接压片法的影响，实验利用超高速行星式超细碎样机，将磷矿石标准物质粉碎至微米级，采用粉末直接压片制样，利用波长色散x射线荧光光谱仪对磷矿石中12种组分（氟、五氧化二磷、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、全三氧化二铁、氧化锰、二氧化钛、氧化锶、氧化钙、氧化锰、氧化钾、氧化钠）进行了测定。结果表明，将样品粉碎至微米级，能够有效地克服样品的粒度效应，获得了比较满意的结果；特别是将氟的测定范围提高到了10．68％，对轻组分氧化钾和氧化钠的测定结果也很好。采用多种磷矿石标准物质和人工配制标准物质制作校准曲线，各组分的均方根为0．0011～0．53。校准曲线采用经验系数和康普顿散射线内标法校正组分间的吸收增强效应，方法的检出限为3-282μg/g。对两个磷矿石国家标准样品进行精密度考察，各组分测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD，n=10）为0．17％～5．2％。对采用标准物质配制的混合标准样品进行准确度考察，测定值与参考值一致。

蜂王浆中磷酸腺苷的提取及超高效液相色谱分析

比较了高氯酸提取、热水提取和热硫酸镁溶液提取3种提取方式对蜂王浆中磷酸腺苷——三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和单磷酸腺苷(AMP)的提取效果,发现在低温(低于4℃)下以5%高氯酸的提取效果最佳。采用超高效液相色谱-紫外检测法分析蜂王浆中的ATP,ADP和AMP的含量。以BEHShieldRP18柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)为分析柱,以50mmol/L的磷酸二氢铵(pH6.5)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,3种磷酸腺苷在4min内实现了较好的分离。以加标王浆样品作添加回收率测定,ATP,ADP和AMP的回收率分别为84.1%～94.3%,86.2%～93.7%和91.0%～104.3%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。方法已被用于一些实际样品的分析,以了解ATP,ADP和AMP在蜂王浆样品中的分布情况。

复合成核剂对聚丙烯结晶行为的影响

以超细橡胶粒子与有机磷酸盐成核剂复配的方法制备了一种新型复合成核剂,通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)比较了复合成核剂改性PP以及有机磷酸盐成核剂改性PP的结晶温度、等温结晶行为及等温结晶动力学;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的能谱附件和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了复合成核剂的微观形态及其在PP中的分散情况.研究结果表明,复合成核剂中超细橡胶粒子作为载体使有机磷酸盐成核剂附着在其表面,提高了成核剂在聚丙烯中的分散性,因而提高了成核剂的成核效率,当成核剂用量较小时,即可明显提高PP的结晶速率和力学性能.

超高压处理与添加复合磷酸盐对海鲈鱼保水性的比较

比较添加复合磷酸盐和超高压处理两种方法对海鲈鱼鱼糜蒸煮损失率的影响;并对不同条件处理的海鲈鱼肌肉组织进行观察,从微观角度阐述超高压处理对海鲈鱼保水性的机理。结果表明:当磷酸三钠、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠添加量分别为1.0、2.0、1.0、1.5g/kg时,海鲈鱼鱼糜具有最小的蒸煮损失率,为25.34%;当施加400MPa压力时,蒸煮损失率最小,为24.53%。高压处理能增加海鲈鱼的肌节长度,引起肌丝之间网络空间加大,有利于水分的滞留。

电池级超微细磷酸铁的制备

为了探索一种低成本的磷酸铁合成工艺,以硫酸亚铁为原料,经过硫酸亚铁氧化、碱式磷酸铁沉淀、碱式磷酸铁转化制备出电池级超微细磷酸铁.研究了硫酸亚铁氧化、碱式磷酸铁沉淀、碱式磷酸铁转化反应过程中反应温度、加料时间、磷酸浓度等因素对磷酸铁产品质量的影响.通过试验得到了合成磷酸铁的最佳工艺条件:氧化反应过氧化氢加料量为标准量的120%,加料时间50min,沉淀反应温度40℃;磷酸铵加料时间40min,转化反应温度90℃,磷酸浓度0.5mol/L.在此最佳工艺条件下制备出了平均粒径小于3.0μm的电池级超微细磷酸铁,元素分析表明产品中金属杂质含量均小于0.005%,硫含量小于0.022%,且磷铁比为1.01,产品磷酸铁纯度较高.X射线衍射分析结果表明未经高温处理的产品是一种无定形微细颗粒,而经过600℃高温煅烧后的产品结晶度高,晶型完美.

微晶化磷矿粉对杨树生长及土壤不同形态磷含量影响

为了研究磷矿粉经微晶化活化后的应用效果,探讨解磷细菌对微晶化磷矿粉的实际应用效应提升能力,以过磷酸钙作为对比肥料,利用盆栽试验研究了普通磷矿粉原料、微晶化磷矿粉及解磷细菌对杨树生长、磷吸收和土壤磷有效性的影响。结果表明,与普通磷矿粉相比,微晶化磷矿粉显著促进了杨树的苗高、地径和生物量积累,杨树地上部磷的含量和总吸收量分别增加8.96%和22.85%。与过磷酸钙处理相比,微晶化磷矿粉的处理杨树的生长及生物量无显著性差异,但杨树地上部磷的含量和总吸收量分别减少10.05%和11.97%。微晶化磷矿粉中加入解磷细菌,土壤中的细菌、放线菌和微生物总量分别增加41.89%、28.57%和41.53%,真菌数量减少31.19%,但对杨树生长、磷素吸收和土壤磷素的有效性影响较小。微晶化磷矿粉处理与普通磷矿粉处理相比,土壤中酸溶性磷和有效磷含量分别增加53.27%和45.35%。与过磷酸钙处理相比,酸溶性磷和有效磷含量分别增加15.68%和13.60%。磷矿粉原料处理的土壤全磷含量最高,各处理水溶性磷含量差异不显著。以上研究表明,磷矿粉经微晶化作用后显著提高了杨树的生长,促进了磷素的吸收利用,有利于土壤长期保持供磷能力,但解磷细菌的加入对杨树生长和土壤供磷能力影响较小。