Participation in ultra-endurance events has increased in recent years and requires extreme levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Moderate levels of MVPA have been associated with increased brain volum...Participation in ultra-endurance events has increased in recent years and requires extreme levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Moderate levels of MVPA have been associated with increased brain volume but the effects of extreme levels of MVPA on brain volume is unknown.As a result,we sought to compare the brains of those who engage in extremely high levels of MVPA with those who are sedentary using magnetic resonance imaging.We performed whole brain volumetric analyses and voxel-based morphometry on 12 ultraendurance athletes(1078.75±407.86 min of MVPA/week)and 9 sedentary persons(18.0±56.9 min of MVPA/week).Whole-brain analyses revealed that those who participate in ultra-endurance training have increased grey(p<0.0001),white(p=0.031),and total matter volume(p<0.0001),while regional analyses revealed that ultra-endurance athletes have smaller regional grey matter volume in the right primary sensory and motor cortex,inferior and middle frontal gyrus,and left thalamus.Future research is warranted to determine why ultra-endurance athletes have lower regional volumes in these areas despite having overall increased grey and white matter volumes.展开更多
Purpose The interaction between sleep and recovery is a fundamental issue for ultra-marathoners,especially after an ultra-trail,but literatures on this matter remains are scarce.The main objectives were(1)to describe ...Purpose The interaction between sleep and recovery is a fundamental issue for ultra-marathoners,especially after an ultra-trail,but literatures on this matter remains are scarce.The main objectives were(1)to describe sleep parameters during the nights following an ultra-endurance event in amateur trail runners,(2)to evaluate the recovery kinetics,and(3)to assess the relationship between sleep parameters and recovery.Methods Nineteen race finishers were tested daily,from 10 days before to 10 days after the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc^(®)(UTMB^(®)).Hooper Index(HI)was used to assess recovery and sleep parameters(total sleep time,TST and wake after sleep onset,WASO)were monitored using a wrist-worn actigraph.Results HI was higher than baseline until day 5 after the race(P<0.05)and younger athletes had a lower HI than older ones during the recovery period(P<0.001).TST was not modified by the race,but there was a WASO peak on the second night after.Positive correlations were found between WASO and muscle soreness(P<0.001)and between TST and HI(P<0.05).Conclusions In conclusion,participants needed 6 days for recovery after UTMB^(®)and younger runners seemed to recover faster than older ones.Post-race sleep quantity did not increase,but the second night was more fragmented,most likely due to muscle soreness.Correlations between sleep and recovery parameters highlighted the key role of sleep for recovery.展开更多
文摘Participation in ultra-endurance events has increased in recent years and requires extreme levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Moderate levels of MVPA have been associated with increased brain volume but the effects of extreme levels of MVPA on brain volume is unknown.As a result,we sought to compare the brains of those who engage in extremely high levels of MVPA with those who are sedentary using magnetic resonance imaging.We performed whole brain volumetric analyses and voxel-based morphometry on 12 ultraendurance athletes(1078.75±407.86 min of MVPA/week)and 9 sedentary persons(18.0±56.9 min of MVPA/week).Whole-brain analyses revealed that those who participate in ultra-endurance training have increased grey(p<0.0001),white(p=0.031),and total matter volume(p<0.0001),while regional analyses revealed that ultra-endurance athletes have smaller regional grey matter volume in the right primary sensory and motor cortex,inferior and middle frontal gyrus,and left thalamus.Future research is warranted to determine why ultra-endurance athletes have lower regional volumes in these areas despite having overall increased grey and white matter volumes.
基金We thank the organization of the Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc^(®) and the Ultra Sports Science foundation for making this study feasible.
文摘Purpose The interaction between sleep and recovery is a fundamental issue for ultra-marathoners,especially after an ultra-trail,but literatures on this matter remains are scarce.The main objectives were(1)to describe sleep parameters during the nights following an ultra-endurance event in amateur trail runners,(2)to evaluate the recovery kinetics,and(3)to assess the relationship between sleep parameters and recovery.Methods Nineteen race finishers were tested daily,from 10 days before to 10 days after the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc^(®)(UTMB^(®)).Hooper Index(HI)was used to assess recovery and sleep parameters(total sleep time,TST and wake after sleep onset,WASO)were monitored using a wrist-worn actigraph.Results HI was higher than baseline until day 5 after the race(P<0.05)and younger athletes had a lower HI than older ones during the recovery period(P<0.001).TST was not modified by the race,but there was a WASO peak on the second night after.Positive correlations were found between WASO and muscle soreness(P<0.001)and between TST and HI(P<0.05).Conclusions In conclusion,participants needed 6 days for recovery after UTMB^(®)and younger runners seemed to recover faster than older ones.Post-race sleep quantity did not increase,but the second night was more fragmented,most likely due to muscle soreness.Correlations between sleep and recovery parameters highlighted the key role of sleep for recovery.
