针对超高温灭菌(ultra-high temperature treated,UHT)乳在货架期内出现的脂肪上浮、水乳分离、沉淀等品质劣变问题,利用高通量测序和生物信息学等技术方法,对大型乳企采集的9份在货架期内品质劣变的UHT乳和正常质量的UHT乳样品的理化...针对超高温灭菌(ultra-high temperature treated,UHT)乳在货架期内出现的脂肪上浮、水乳分离、沉淀等品质劣变问题,利用高通量测序和生物信息学等技术方法,对大型乳企采集的9份在货架期内品质劣变的UHT乳和正常质量的UHT乳样品的理化指标、酶活性、微生物菌群进行了分析比较,并通过关联分析解析UHT灭菌乳品质劣变的关联微生物。结果表明:品质劣变UHT乳在理化指标、酶活性和微生物群分布方面与正常UHT乳有明显不同,假单胞杆菌、不动杆菌为品质劣变UHT乳中核心功能微生物且均属于常见的嗜冷菌,能够产生耐热酶,这可能是导致UHT乳腐败变质的主要原因。本研究为进一步解决UHT乳品质劣变问题提供了参考。展开更多
目的基于荧光法快速简便地鉴别巴氏杀菌乳和超高温(ultra high temperature,UHT)灭菌乳。方法基于美拉德产物荧光值的不同,采用直接荧光法结合综合热损伤(fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and soluble tryptophan,FAST)指...目的基于荧光法快速简便地鉴别巴氏杀菌乳和超高温(ultra high temperature,UHT)灭菌乳。方法基于美拉德产物荧光值的不同,采用直接荧光法结合综合热损伤(fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and soluble tryptophan,FAST)指数快速鉴定巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳。结果巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳由于热处理强度不同,二者的荧光值存在显著差异(P<0.01),巴氏杀菌乳荧光值在(13215±236)~(15359±156)之间、UHT灭菌乳荧光值范围为(15788±200)~(20440±270)。与巴氏杀菌乳相比,UHT灭菌乳直接测定荧光强度和FAST指数明显升高且差异显著(P<0.01)。在商品巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳结果的基础上,利用自制产品对荧光法进行了验证。结论直接荧光测定法和FAST指数能够快速有效区分和识别巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳,该技术对产品热处理强度评价及质量监管具有一定指导意义。展开更多
采用超快速气相电子鼻对超高温灭菌(ultra high temperature,UHT)全脂、低脂和脱脂牛奶共36种样品的挥发性风味成分进行定性、定量分析,并结合主成分分析和多层感知器神经网络,对UHT牛奶的香气特征进行分类预测。结果表明,UHT牛奶中含...采用超快速气相电子鼻对超高温灭菌(ultra high temperature,UHT)全脂、低脂和脱脂牛奶共36种样品的挥发性风味成分进行定性、定量分析,并结合主成分分析和多层感知器神经网络,对UHT牛奶的香气特征进行分类预测。结果表明,UHT牛奶中含有29种共同的挥发性风味成分,主要为丙酮、正丁醇和δ-癸内酯等,其中丙酮含量最高,癸醛含量最低。异丁醇、乙偶姻、1-戊醇、E-3-己烯醛和癸醛只在UHT全脂牛奶中存在;3-甲基庚烷、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、E-2-壬烯-1-醇是UHT低脂牛奶的特有成分;α-蒎烯、5-甲基糠醛、癸酸仅在UHT脱脂牛奶中被检出。UHT牛奶主要香气特征体现为蔬菜味、奶油味、草香味、水果味及麦芽味。其中蔬菜味、奶油味、麦芽味在UHT全脂牛奶中分布最广泛;水果味在UHT低脂牛奶中分布最广泛;青草味在UHT脱脂牛奶中分布最广泛。主成分分析显示不同品牌UHT牛奶之间存在显著差异;多层感知器神经网络对UHT牛奶种类的预测准确率高达98.6%。展开更多
超高温灭菌(ultra-high temperature treated,UHT)乳是一类长期储存的液态乳品,其货架期长短直接影响着产品的市场竞争力和消费者满意度。UHT乳的货架期常常受到多种因素的影响,包括但不限于:即使经过UHT却仍在乳中残留的部分生物因子...超高温灭菌(ultra-high temperature treated,UHT)乳是一类长期储存的液态乳品,其货架期长短直接影响着产品的市场竞争力和消费者满意度。UHT乳的货架期常常受到多种因素的影响,包括但不限于:即使经过UHT却仍在乳中残留的部分生物因子、货架期预测模型的合理性与准确性等。这些因素往往导致成品UHT乳在其储存货架期内发生如凝胶老化、脂肪上浮、风味改变、颜色改变等品质劣变现象。本文以近年来国内外对于影响UHT乳货架期稳定性的因素着手,分别解释了耐热芽孢、蛋白酶及脂肪酶影响UHT乳货架期寿命的机制,阐述了其引起的UHT乳货架期内的品质劣变现象;总结介绍了Arrhenius方程、多因素回归方程和BP神经网络3种货架期预测模型,在分别分析其运用环境的同时,对其优劣点进行了对比;最后在UHT乳的收奶端及生产端对延长UHT乳货架期的辅助技术进行了综述,以期从影响UHT乳货架期的相关因素入手,为今后UHT乳的生产及相关研究提供参考。展开更多
The Musgrave Province developed at the nexus of the North, West and South Australian cratons and its Mesoproterozoic evolution incorporates a 100 Ma period of ultra-high temperature （UHT） meta- morphism from ca. 122...The Musgrave Province developed at the nexus of the North, West and South Australian cratons and its Mesoproterozoic evolution incorporates a 100 Ma period of ultra-high temperature （UHT） meta- morphism from ca. 1220 to ca. 1120 Ma. This was accompanied by high-temperature A-type granitic magmatism over an 80 Ma period, sourced in part from mantle-derived components and emplaced as a series of pulsed events that also coincide with peaks in UHT metamorphism. The tectonic setting for this thermal event （the Musgrave Orogeny） is thought to have been intracontinental and the lithospheric architecture of the region is suggested to have had a major influence on the thermal evolution. We use a series of two dimensional, fully coupled thermo-mechanical-petrological numerical models to investi- gate the plausibility of initiating and prolonging UHT conditions under model setup conditions appro- priate to the inferred tectonic setting and lithospheric architecture of the Musgrave Province. The results support the inferred tectonic framework for the Musgrave Orogeny, predicting periods of UHT meta- morphism of up to 70 Ma, accompanied by thin crust and extensive magmatism derived from both crustal and mantle sources. The results also appear to be critically dependent upon the specific location of the Mus^rave Province. constrained between thicker cratonic masses.展开更多
文摘针对超高温灭菌(ultra-high temperature treated,UHT)乳在货架期内出现的脂肪上浮、水乳分离、沉淀等品质劣变问题,利用高通量测序和生物信息学等技术方法,对大型乳企采集的9份在货架期内品质劣变的UHT乳和正常质量的UHT乳样品的理化指标、酶活性、微生物菌群进行了分析比较,并通过关联分析解析UHT灭菌乳品质劣变的关联微生物。结果表明:品质劣变UHT乳在理化指标、酶活性和微生物群分布方面与正常UHT乳有明显不同,假单胞杆菌、不动杆菌为品质劣变UHT乳中核心功能微生物且均属于常见的嗜冷菌,能够产生耐热酶,这可能是导致UHT乳腐败变质的主要原因。本研究为进一步解决UHT乳品质劣变问题提供了参考。
文摘目的基于荧光法快速简便地鉴别巴氏杀菌乳和超高温(ultra high temperature,UHT)灭菌乳。方法基于美拉德产物荧光值的不同,采用直接荧光法结合综合热损伤(fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and soluble tryptophan,FAST)指数快速鉴定巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳。结果巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳由于热处理强度不同,二者的荧光值存在显著差异(P<0.01),巴氏杀菌乳荧光值在(13215±236)~(15359±156)之间、UHT灭菌乳荧光值范围为(15788±200)~(20440±270)。与巴氏杀菌乳相比,UHT灭菌乳直接测定荧光强度和FAST指数明显升高且差异显著(P<0.01)。在商品巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳结果的基础上,利用自制产品对荧光法进行了验证。结论直接荧光测定法和FAST指数能够快速有效区分和识别巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳,该技术对产品热处理强度评价及质量监管具有一定指导意义。
文摘采用超快速气相电子鼻对超高温灭菌(ultra high temperature,UHT)全脂、低脂和脱脂牛奶共36种样品的挥发性风味成分进行定性、定量分析,并结合主成分分析和多层感知器神经网络,对UHT牛奶的香气特征进行分类预测。结果表明,UHT牛奶中含有29种共同的挥发性风味成分,主要为丙酮、正丁醇和δ-癸内酯等,其中丙酮含量最高,癸醛含量最低。异丁醇、乙偶姻、1-戊醇、E-3-己烯醛和癸醛只在UHT全脂牛奶中存在;3-甲基庚烷、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、E-2-壬烯-1-醇是UHT低脂牛奶的特有成分;α-蒎烯、5-甲基糠醛、癸酸仅在UHT脱脂牛奶中被检出。UHT牛奶主要香气特征体现为蔬菜味、奶油味、草香味、水果味及麦芽味。其中蔬菜味、奶油味、麦芽味在UHT全脂牛奶中分布最广泛;水果味在UHT低脂牛奶中分布最广泛;青草味在UHT脱脂牛奶中分布最广泛。主成分分析显示不同品牌UHT牛奶之间存在显著差异;多层感知器神经网络对UHT牛奶种类的预测准确率高达98.6%。
文摘超高温灭菌(ultra-high temperature treated,UHT)乳是一类长期储存的液态乳品,其货架期长短直接影响着产品的市场竞争力和消费者满意度。UHT乳的货架期常常受到多种因素的影响,包括但不限于:即使经过UHT却仍在乳中残留的部分生物因子、货架期预测模型的合理性与准确性等。这些因素往往导致成品UHT乳在其储存货架期内发生如凝胶老化、脂肪上浮、风味改变、颜色改变等品质劣变现象。本文以近年来国内外对于影响UHT乳货架期稳定性的因素着手,分别解释了耐热芽孢、蛋白酶及脂肪酶影响UHT乳货架期寿命的机制,阐述了其引起的UHT乳货架期内的品质劣变现象;总结介绍了Arrhenius方程、多因素回归方程和BP神经网络3种货架期预测模型,在分别分析其运用环境的同时,对其优劣点进行了对比;最后在UHT乳的收奶端及生产端对延长UHT乳货架期的辅助技术进行了综述,以期从影响UHT乳货架期的相关因素入手,为今后UHT乳的生产及相关研究提供参考。
基金supported by the Australian Research Council Grant LP100200785
文摘The Musgrave Province developed at the nexus of the North, West and South Australian cratons and its Mesoproterozoic evolution incorporates a 100 Ma period of ultra-high temperature （UHT） meta- morphism from ca. 1220 to ca. 1120 Ma. This was accompanied by high-temperature A-type granitic magmatism over an 80 Ma period, sourced in part from mantle-derived components and emplaced as a series of pulsed events that also coincide with peaks in UHT metamorphism. The tectonic setting for this thermal event （the Musgrave Orogeny） is thought to have been intracontinental and the lithospheric architecture of the region is suggested to have had a major influence on the thermal evolution. We use a series of two dimensional, fully coupled thermo-mechanical-petrological numerical models to investi- gate the plausibility of initiating and prolonging UHT conditions under model setup conditions appro- priate to the inferred tectonic setting and lithospheric architecture of the Musgrave Province. The results support the inferred tectonic framework for the Musgrave Orogeny, predicting periods of UHT meta- morphism of up to 70 Ma, accompanied by thin crust and extensive magmatism derived from both crustal and mantle sources. The results also appear to be critically dependent upon the specific location of the Mus^rave Province. constrained between thicker cratonic masses.
