The characterization of ultra-soft clayey soil exhibits extreme challenges due to low shear strength of such material.Hence,inspecting the non-destructive electrical impedance behavior of untreated and treated ultra-s...The characterization of ultra-soft clayey soil exhibits extreme challenges due to low shear strength of such material.Hence,inspecting the non-destructive electrical impedance behavior of untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils gains more attention.Both shear strength and electrical impedance were measured experimentally for both untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils.The shear strength of untreated ultra-soft clayey soil reached 0.17 kPa for 10% bentonite content,while the shear strengths increased to 0.27 kPa and 6.7 kPa for 10% bentonite content treated with 2% lime and 10% polymer,respectively.The electrical impedance of the ultra-soft clayey soil has shown a significant decrease from 1.6 kΩ to 0.607 kΩ when the bentonite content increased from 2% to 10% at a frequency of 300 kHz.The10%lime and 10% polymer treatments have decreased the electrical impedances of ultra-soft clayey soil with 10%bentonite from 0.607 kΩ to 0.12 kΩ and 0.176 kΩ,respectively,at a frequency of 300 kHz.A new mathematical model has been accordingly proposed to model the non-destructive electrical impedancefrequency relationship for both untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils.The new model has shown a good agreement with experimental data with coefficient of determination（R;）up to 0.99 and root mean square error（RMSE） of 0.007 kΩ.展开更多
In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical facto...In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical factor that induces HFR. The frequency coupling affects the impedance characteristics of an MMC and further deteriorates system stability. Therefore, in this paper, a multi-input multi-output admittance model of an MMC-HVDC system is developed to analyze its frequency characteristics. The effects of current loop, power loop, phase-locked loop, and operating point on the MMC frequency coupling degree are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, to further suppress HFR in the MMC-HVDC system, an enhanced impedance reshaping control strategy based on the equivalent single-input single-output impedance model is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the enhanced impedance model and the effectiveness of the impedance reshaping control are verified by electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD.展开更多
An Ultra Wideband (UWB) microstrip diamond slotted patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is simulated in CST Microwave Studio and fabricated for measurements. Its simul...An Ultra Wideband (UWB) microstrip diamond slotted patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is simulated in CST Microwave Studio and fabricated for measurements. Its simulated result displays impedance bandwidth from 3.28 GHz to 19.64 GHz, whereas the measured result displays the frequency region from 2.01 GHz to 18.67 GHz. The antenna complies with the return loss of S11 < –10 dB and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) < 2 throughout the impedance bandwidth. Details of the antenna design and related results such as phase angle, input impedance and radiation patterns are discussed in this paper. This antenna has surpassed the bandwidth of UWB requirement, which is from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, and exhibits good UWB characteristics.展开更多
为了保证新型特高压直流分层接入方式下的电压静态稳定,基于阻抗匹配理论研究了特高压分层接入方式下受端各换流母线的电压稳定裕度。首先,采用电网节点阻抗矩阵和多端口网络等值方法,将分层接入方式下的直流从其落点处等值成两个相对...为了保证新型特高压直流分层接入方式下的电压静态稳定,基于阻抗匹配理论研究了特高压分层接入方式下受端各换流母线的电压稳定裕度。首先,采用电网节点阻抗矩阵和多端口网络等值方法,将分层接入方式下的直流从其落点处等值成两个相对独立单端口网络的形式;进而,利用阻抗匹配定理,推导了分层接入方式下直流在各层换流母线电压稳定裕度的计算表达式;然后,研究了虚拟电压源、虚拟阻抗和虚拟功率的直流等值方案,分析了3种等值方案下所提出电压稳定裕度指标的差异性。最后,以实际锡盟–泰州±800 k V直流输电工程电网数据计算了等值方案下23节点的电压稳定裕度为29.1%,12节点电压稳定裕度为47.5%,算例结果验证了该电压稳定裕度指标在评估换流母线电压稳定性上的可行性。展开更多
基金supported by the Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Technology (CIGMAT) at the University of Houston, Texas, USA
文摘The characterization of ultra-soft clayey soil exhibits extreme challenges due to low shear strength of such material.Hence,inspecting the non-destructive electrical impedance behavior of untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils gains more attention.Both shear strength and electrical impedance were measured experimentally for both untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils.The shear strength of untreated ultra-soft clayey soil reached 0.17 kPa for 10% bentonite content,while the shear strengths increased to 0.27 kPa and 6.7 kPa for 10% bentonite content treated with 2% lime and 10% polymer,respectively.The electrical impedance of the ultra-soft clayey soil has shown a significant decrease from 1.6 kΩ to 0.607 kΩ when the bentonite content increased from 2% to 10% at a frequency of 300 kHz.The10%lime and 10% polymer treatments have decreased the electrical impedances of ultra-soft clayey soil with 10%bentonite from 0.607 kΩ to 0.12 kΩ and 0.176 kΩ,respectively,at a frequency of 300 kHz.A new mathematical model has been accordingly proposed to model the non-destructive electrical impedancefrequency relationship for both untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils.The new model has shown a good agreement with experimental data with coefficient of determination（R;）up to 0.99 and root mean square error（RMSE） of 0.007 kΩ.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52277102)。
文摘In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical factor that induces HFR. The frequency coupling affects the impedance characteristics of an MMC and further deteriorates system stability. Therefore, in this paper, a multi-input multi-output admittance model of an MMC-HVDC system is developed to analyze its frequency characteristics. The effects of current loop, power loop, phase-locked loop, and operating point on the MMC frequency coupling degree are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, to further suppress HFR in the MMC-HVDC system, an enhanced impedance reshaping control strategy based on the equivalent single-input single-output impedance model is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the enhanced impedance model and the effectiveness of the impedance reshaping control are verified by electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD.
文摘An Ultra Wideband (UWB) microstrip diamond slotted patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is simulated in CST Microwave Studio and fabricated for measurements. Its simulated result displays impedance bandwidth from 3.28 GHz to 19.64 GHz, whereas the measured result displays the frequency region from 2.01 GHz to 18.67 GHz. The antenna complies with the return loss of S11 < –10 dB and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) < 2 throughout the impedance bandwidth. Details of the antenna design and related results such as phase angle, input impedance and radiation patterns are discussed in this paper. This antenna has surpassed the bandwidth of UWB requirement, which is from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, and exhibits good UWB characteristics.
文摘为了保证新型特高压直流分层接入方式下的电压静态稳定,基于阻抗匹配理论研究了特高压分层接入方式下受端各换流母线的电压稳定裕度。首先,采用电网节点阻抗矩阵和多端口网络等值方法,将分层接入方式下的直流从其落点处等值成两个相对独立单端口网络的形式;进而,利用阻抗匹配定理,推导了分层接入方式下直流在各层换流母线电压稳定裕度的计算表达式;然后,研究了虚拟电压源、虚拟阻抗和虚拟功率的直流等值方案,分析了3种等值方案下所提出电压稳定裕度指标的差异性。最后,以实际锡盟–泰州±800 k V直流输电工程电网数据计算了等值方案下23节点的电压稳定裕度为29.1%,12节点电压稳定裕度为47.5%,算例结果验证了该电压稳定裕度指标在评估换流母线电压稳定性上的可行性。
