Isolation Enhancement in a Compact Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Mutual coupling reduction or isolation enhancement in antenna arrays is an important area of research as it severely affects the performance of an antenna.In this paper,a new type of compact and highly isolated Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO)antenna for ultra-wideband(UWB)applications is presented.The design consists of four radiators that are orthogonally positioned and confined to a compact 40×40×0.8 mm3 space.The final antenna design uses an inverted L shape partial ground to produce an acceptable reflection coefficient(S11<−10 dB)in an entire UWB band(3.1–10.6)giga hertz(GHz).Moreover,the inter-element isolation has also been enhanced to>20 db for majority of the UWB band.The antenna was fabricated and tested with the vector network analyzer(VNA)and in an anechoic chamber for scattering parameters and radiation patterns.Furthermore,different MIMO diversity performance metrics are also measured to validate the proposed model.The simulation results and the experimental results from the constructed model agree quite well.The proposed antenna is compared with similar designs in recently published literature for various performance metrics.Because of its low envelope correlation coefficient(ECC<0.1),high diversity gain(DG>9.99 dB),peak gain of 4.6 dB,reduced channel capacity loss(CCL<0.4 b/s/Hz),and average radiation efficiency of over 85%,the proposed MIMO antenna is ideally suited for practical UWB applications.

面向复杂环境的UWB/LiDAR/IMU组合定位方法

针对室外全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)拒止并且超宽带(UWB)和LiDAR在非视距和点云特征稀疏环境下定位效果较差的问题,提出了一种面向复杂环境的UWB/LiDAR/惯性测量单元(IMU)组合定位方法。首先,利用LiDAR和UWB的互补特性设计了时变因子,用于对车辆进行重定位;然后,引入三种运动模型描述车辆的运动状态,各模型采用无迹卡尔曼滤波方法设计滤波器;最后,将重定位后的车辆定位和IMU的测量数据作为交互式多模型-无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的状态输入,解算出最终的车辆位置。实验结果表明,所提组合定位方法具有较高的定位精度,相对于UWB和LiDAR单一传感器,视距环境下的定位精度分别提升了35.1%和22.8%,非视距环境下分别提升了53.1%和27.2%;所提重定位方法相对于UWB和LiDAR单一传感器,视距环境下的定位精度分别提升了23.2%和8.7%,非视距环境下分别提升了42.9%和11.4%,体现出了较高的定位精度和对复杂环境的适应能力。

一种复杂环境下UWB测距误差预测方法

针对复杂室内环境中,多径干扰和视距遮挡影响室内定位精度的问题,提出一种复杂环境下UWB测距误差的预测方法:根据超宽带(UWB)室内定位方法抗干扰能力强、定位精度高的特点,从理论上分析影响超宽带信号测距精度的因素;然后通过模型量化分析每种影响因素对测距误差的影响程度,改进以往通过信道脉冲响应特征分析单一的视距遮挡参数来提高定位精度的补偿算法;最后从数据挖掘和机器学习的角度出发,将多径效应、视距遮挡、标签与基站的距离、标签移动速度、标签与基站天线俯仰角以及气象因素(温度、湿度、压强)等对测距精度造成影响的重要因素作为特征进行分类和归类,并使用梯度提升决策树模型对数据集进行训练和预测。实验结果表明,该模型可以根据当前状态下的组合特征值估计出测距误差值,将当前预测的误差值补偿到测量值上,可以有效提高超宽带室内定位的精度。

Fully-integrated ultra-wide band LNA in 0.18μm CMOS technology for 3-10 GHz applications

The paper presents a fully integrated ultra-wide band(UWB)low noise amplifier(LNA)for 3-10 GHz applications.It employs self-biased resistive-feedback and current-reused technique to achieve wide input matching and low power characteristics.An improved biased architecture is adopted in the second stage to attain a better gain-compensation performance.The design is verified with TSMC standard 1 P6 M 0.18μm RF CMOS process.The measurement results show that the parasitic problem of the transistors at high frequencies is solved.A high and flat S21 of 9.7±1.5 dB and the lowest NF 3.5 dB are achieved in the desired frequency band.The power consumption is only 7.5 mA under 1.6 V supply.The proposed LNA achieves broadband flat gain,low noise,and high linearity performance simultaneously,allowing it to be used in 3-10 GHz UWB applications.

基于深度学习GRU网络的UWB室内定位优化

为减少信号传输质量和距离估计算法等因素对定位精度的影响,将深度学习应用于超宽带(ultra wide band,UWB)室内定位系统,利用门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)网络代替传统UWB室内定位系统中的三边测量过程,以提高UWB室内定位精度。在得到定位标签到基站的距离信息后,将距离信息输入GRU网络中,输出最终位置坐标。GRU作为循环神经网络(recurrent neural network,RNN)的变种,既含有RNN处理时序数据的优势,又解决了RNN中的长程依赖问题。对GRU网络模型中不同学习率、优化器、批量大小、网络层数、隐藏神经元数量参数进行调整和训练。结果表明,基于GRU网络模型的UWB室内定位系统显著提高了定位精度,平均定位误差为6.8 cm。

基于KF-LSTM的UWB室内定位算法

作为一种新型无线定位技术,超宽带在室内定位领域中引起了广泛关注。为了提高超宽带的定位精度,本文结合卡尔曼滤波和LSTM网络的优势,提出一种融合卡尔曼滤波的长短期记忆神经网络(KF-LSTM)算法。首先,通过卡尔曼滤波对UWB时序数据进行处理,削弱数据中的高斯白噪声;然后,将数据投入LSTM网络中进行训练,利用LSTM网络处理时序特征的优势处理非高斯噪声,进而得到更准确的标签位置。实测数据表明,与BP、KF-BP和LSTM网络算法相比,KF-LSTM算法的平均定位精度分别提高了70.21%、37.28%和38.23%,且KF-LSTM算法表现更稳定。

基于UWB定位技术的煤矿机械装备防碰撞系统研究

随着煤矿机械装备的广泛应用,机械装备的防碰撞已经成为煤炭行业重要的研究课题。文章主要研究了基于超宽带(Ultra Wide Band,UWB)定位技术的煤矿机械装备防碰撞系统,通过开发定位算法、防碰撞算法、数据处理与分析等功能模块,实现系统的实时监控与报警功能。实验表明,该系统能够有效避免机械装备之间发生碰撞,进而提升煤矿生产的安全性。

基于Taylor-Chan算法的改进UWB室内三维定位方法

[目的]针对室内三维空间环境复杂导致传统超宽带(ultra wide band,UWB)定位算法精度低、稳定性差的问题对UWB室内三维定位方法进行研究.[方法]在Chan和Taylor算法基础上,设计了一种基于距离误差筛选机制的Taylor-Chan定位算法.首先使用简化Taylor算法求解得到标签初定位结果,再结合初定位结果和测距信息根据所设计筛选函数剔除误差较大的基站数据,最后基于筛选得到的数据,使用Chan算法得到最终标签定位结果.[结果]在室内视距和非视距两种场景下进行仿真,Taylor-Chan算法相比于Chan和Taylor定位精度都有一定的提高,且测距误差越大的情况下,Taylor-Chan算法的定位效果越明显.[结论]仿真结果表明,对比现有方法,本文所提出的Taylor-Chan算法在室内三维空间的视距和非视距环境下都能有效改善定位精度.

A Novel Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Band-Stop Characteristic

In this letter, a simple monopole antenna with variable band-notched characteristic for ultra wide band (UWB) function is proposed. Two L-shaped quarter-waveguide resonators coupled to the ground plane with two shorting tracks at the sides of the antenna are used to generate stop-band performance around 5.5 GHz (WLAN). The proposed antenna is fabricated on the substrate FR4 (relative permittivity of 4.7) and has a compact size of 16 × 28.5 × 1.6 mm. The designed antenna has a good impedance matching in 3.1 - 11.4 GHz frequency range with VSWR < 2, except the band 5 - 5.85 GHz.

Compact Coplanar Epsilon-Negative Antenna with Ultra-Wide Band Character

In this paper, a compact coplanar epsilon.negative(ENG) antenna is proposed with ultra.wide operation band and small size of 18×11.5 mm2. The proposed antenna is designed based on a coplanar.waveguide(CPW) feeding antenna, and thus the via.free structure is employed to realize the ENG unit cell, which is convenient to tune the frequency of zeroth.order resonance(ZOR) and extends the ZOR bandwidth. The high.order resonant frequencies are achieved and mainly determined by the separate slots that are located between the radiating patch and the ground plane. Adding the left.handed inductance between the radiating patch and ground has slight impact on the high.order resonant frequencies, and then the ultra.wide band is achieved by merging the ZOR bandwidth with the high.order resonant bandwidths. The ground plane primarily works as a matching network for the proposed antenna. Although it generates a low.frequency resonance, the performance is undesirable due to the impedance mismatching. The measured results show that the reflection coefficient, |S11| <.10 d B, is in a wide frequency range from 5.25 to 13 GHz, which covers the upper operation band of UWB communication. Also, the antenna contains relatively stable gains and omni.directional radiation patterns.

改进抗差卡尔曼滤波的UWB定位模型

针对超宽带(UWB)技术已在室内定位、智能交通等领域广泛应用,但由于障碍物遮挡或其他原因,使得UWB测距值可能存在误差,从而大幅度降低UWB的定位精度和可靠性的问题,分析抗差卡尔曼滤波(RKF)在UWB定位中的特点,在此基础上,提出改进的RKF算法(RKF-SW)进行粗差检测,根据预测残差进行第一次样本异常值检验探测,采用1/4样本分位数进行第二次样本异常值探测。实验结果表明,与RKF算法相比,RKF-SW算法具有较强的异常值识别能力,能够提升UWB系统的定位精度,开阔场景下定位精度可提高约80.0%,遮挡物干扰情况下可提高约82.1%。

抗差Helmert方差分量估计在GPS/BDS/UWB融合定位中的应用

针对卫星信号受限环境下,全球定位系统(GPS)/北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)组合定位出现较大偏差的问题,引入超宽带(UWB)技术作为定位性能增强技术。GPS/BDS伪距测量值与UWB测距值作为原始观测值,提出了基于抗差赫尔默特(Helmert)方差分量估计的GPS/BDS/UWB融合定位方法,实现合理定权,抵御粗差影响。分别进行了静态实验和动态实验,结果表明:没有粗差情况下,GPS/BDS/UWB融合定位相对于GPS/BDS的定位精度在静态实验和动态实验中均有所提升;引入粗差后,定位结果可抵御粗差,精度提升较为明显。

Designing a Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor with High Transition Frequency for Ultra-Wideband Application

Theoretical calculations predict transition frequencies in the terahertz range for the field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes, and this shows their suitability for being used in high frequency applications. In this paper, we have designed a field-effect transistor based on carbon nanotube with high transition frequency suitable for ultra-wide band applications. We did this by optimizing nanotube diameter, gate insulator thickness and dielectric constant. As a result, we achieved the transition frequency about 7.45 THz. The environment of open source software FETToy is used to simulate the device. Also a suitable model for calculating the transition frequency is presented.

Design of Integrated Triple Band Notched for Ultra-Wide Band Microstrip Antenna

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the recent topics that received a great concern from academia and industry. However, UWB found many difficulties to be standardized due to the overlay working that made UWB an important potential interference source to many licensed and unlicensed spectrum throughout the band 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This paper demonstrates the design of integrated triple band notched for UWB Microstrip antenna. We simulated UWB short range systems which require low power and these are built using inexpensive digital components. We proposed a compact triple band notched CPW (Co-planar Waveguide) fed Micro strip Antenna (MSA) for UWB. This band-notched antenna has rejection characteristics at 3.2 GHz (for Wi-MAX band 3.16 to 3.32 GHz), at 5.5 GHz (for WLAN 2 band—5.3 to 5.72 GHz) and at 7.9 GHz (for ITU band 7.72 GHz to 8.13 GHz). The simulation was done using IE3D simulator.

基于WSN+UWB的室内人员定位系统设计

随着社会发展,家长对幼儿安全越来越重视,幼儿园环境安全与否直接关系到儿童的健康及生命。为保障园区内幼儿状况及安全,文章提出了一种室内人员定位系统设计,该系统在满足基本定位需求的同时,采用了超宽带(Ultra Wide Band,UWB)技术,具有穿透性强、抗干扰和功耗低等优势,其性能表现已超过蓝牙和Wi-Fi,并以UWB技术作为主要技术依据,将无线传感网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)技术与UWB技术相结合,设计了一款智能化的人员看护及定位系统,测试结果证明了该系统设计可满足园区内人员监测及定位警报的需求。

Evaluation of System Performance of Ultra-Wide Band Jointing in MC Signaling in Correlated Environments

The evaluation of System Performance of UWB (ultra-wide band) jointing in MC (multi-carrier) signaling in correlated environments is presented in the report. The correlated Nakagami-m statistical distribution for the multipath fading model is assumed in this scenario. In fact to establish the model for analyzing in this article is using MC-CDMA (multi-carrier code-division multiple-access) system characterization combined with a UWB scheme. The average BER (bit error rate) is calculated and compared to a special case of previously published results. Studied results from this paper can be implied to approve the system performance for a UWB system combined with a MC-CDMA wireless communication system. It is worth noting that the Nakagami-m distributed fading parameter significantly dominates UWB system performance when it cooperates with MC signaling under a fading environment. Finally, it is worthy of noting that when the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) at system’s receiver reaches a preset high threshold value, the parameter of power decay ratio effect could be not included.

Numerical simulation of the coupling of ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse into landmine by aperture

The modern landmine＇s electronic fuse is susceptible to strong interference or can even be damaged by the ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse（UWB-EMP）. The finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method in lossy media with cylindrical coordinates is used to study the interactions of the UWB-EMP with the landmine. First, the coupling of UWB-EMP into the landmine shielding shell through an aperture is numerically simulated. Second, the coupled electromagnetic field of mine shells made of different shielding materials and with apertures of different sizes is plotted. Third, the aperture coupling laws of UWB-EMP into shells are analyzed and categorized. Such an algorithm is capable of effectively preventing ladder similar errors, and consequently improving the calculation precision, and in addition to adopting the message passing interface（MPI） parallel method to divide the total calculating range into more sub-ranges, the overall calculating efficiency is greatly increased. These calculations are surely a constructive reference for modern landmine design against electromagnetic damage.

Miniaturized Planar Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter with Notched Band

This paper presents a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with sharp out-of-band rejection performance. The filter is formed by a folded multiple-mode resonator to realize high performance in an operation band from 3.3 to 10 GHz with a very compact size of 20 mm × 20 mm × 0.5 mm. An extra notched band centered at 5.8 GHz is further accomplished by etching a Hilbert fractal curve slit on the filter without the necessity of readjusting the geometrical parameters. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

基于改进UKF的UWB/IMU/里程计融合定位方法

针对超宽带(UWB)在噪声变化较大、统计特性未知的环境中无法精确定位的问题,提出了基于改进的无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法的多传感器融合定位方法。对UWB、IMU和里程计编码器信息进行集中式融合,引入自适应因子实时更新量测噪声的协方差矩阵以更新量测噪声,加入渐消因子抑制滤波发散,实现对传统UKF算法的改进。基于两轮差速机器人和UWB硬件平台,分别在UWB视距(LOS)和非视距(NLOS)场景下,对所提的融合定位方法进行了仿真分析和实验验证,并与UWB、IMU等单一传感器定位以及扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)、UKF算法进行比较。结果表明,所提的融合定位方法在LOS和NLOS场景下都可保持较高的定位精度,且在NLOS场景下改进的UKF算法比EKF和UKF算法的定位精度分别提高了约22.8%和13.1%。

基于移动节点辅助定位的UWB室内定位方法

针对UWB室内定位精度易受环境影响的问题,在低速、多节点的情况下,提出了一种基于移动节点辅助定位的方法。设置一个增量队列来剔除异常点,然后使用最小二乘法计算得到定位初值。将定位初值代入扩展卡尔曼器滤波算法,得到较为准确的更新后的定位结果。当移动节点处于静止或低速状态时,其解算坐标较为精确,可以将其视作坐标已知的固定节点,来提高其他移动节点的定位精度。实验结果表明,在相同的实验环境下,所提方法的定位均方根误差比最小二乘法和Chan算法分别减小了15.89%和16.45%,最大绝对误差分别减小了60.99%和62.77%。