Model Identification Based on Subspace Model Identification of Main Steam Temperature in Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Unit

Ultra-supercritical(USC) unit is more and more popular in coal-fired power industry.In this paper,closed-loop identification based on subspace model identification(SMI) is introduced for superheated steam temperature system of USC unit.Closed-loop SMI is applied to building step response model of the unit directly.The parameters selection method is proposed to deal with the parameter sensitivity and improve the reliability of the model.Finally,the model is used in model identification of real USC unit.

Development Features of Supercritical (Ultra-Supercritical) Technology in the World and Experiences We Can Learn

The development and technical characteristics in different stages of supercritical (ultra-Supercritical) technology abroad are introduced in this paper. At the same time, according to the development trend of supercritical (ultra-supercritical) technology, the corresponding revelations are given in this paper. That is: It is an inevitable choice to develop supercritical (ultra-supercritical) technology if we want to improve the thermal efficiency and heat efficiency.

Research on the Prediction of Load Regulation Capacity for Supercritical Thermal Power Unit

Both the modeling and the load regulation capacity prediction of a supercritical power plant are investigated in this paper. Firstly, an indirect identification method based on subspace identification method is proposed. The obtained identification model is verified by the actual operation data and the dynamic characteristics of the system are well reproduced. Secondly, the model is used to predict the load regulation capacity of thermal power unit. The power, main steam pressure, main steam temperature and other parameters are simulated respectively when the unit load is going up and down. Under the actual constraints, the load regulation capacity of thermal power unit can be predicted quickly.

Application of Homemade DCS in Integrated BOP Control of 600-MW Supercritical Unit

The PLC and upper computer are used in BOP control system of traditional thermal power plant to monitor the in-situ equipment. It is complicated and wastes labor and resources. It is difficult to maintain and manage them. Beijing GuoDian ZhiShen Control Technology applied the homemade DCS (EDPF-NT System) to the integrated BOP control system of 600-MW supercritical power unit, which offers advantages in efficiency promotion, cost reduction and resource sharing. That also reflects the dominance of EDPF-NT System in performance, price, real-time DUP, network compatibility and communication. This article introduces the main characteristics, structure and configuration of EDPF-NT System, as well as the hierarchical operation, the multi-domain network structure and the private network router developed for Zhuanghe Power Plant.

Study on Calculation Method for Partition of Heat Transfer in an Ultra-supercritical Boiler

Use a 1000MW ultra-supercritical tower boiler as the research object. On the basis of one dimensional model, simplify the tube heat transfer model and the radiation heat transfer model;establish the two-dimensional area calculation model with the regional method;?summarize the heat load distribution of flue gas temperature and water wall surface;and compare with the measured data. The error range of the result is acceptable on the project. The distribution of water wall surface heat load along the furnace width and the area where heat transfer deterioration?cause easily along the furnace height direction are studied with the model and algorithm on different boiler load conditions. All these provide the reference for the design and operation of the ultra supercritical boiler.

Experimental Study on Performance of Supercritical CO_2 Heat Exchanger with Four Different Inner Tubes

The experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer performance of supercritical CO_2 in a casing heat exchanger by comparing their heat transfer,entropy production unit number,non-dimensional entropy production rate and field synergy factor.The results show that both heat transfer and entropy production unit number in four tubes decrease with water temperature increasing.Heat transfer and entropy production unit number in multiple tubes( i. e.,triple straight tube and double helix tube) is higher than their single counterparts; the non-dimensional entropy production rate increases with water temperature. Non-dimensional entropy production rate of triple straight tube and double helix tube is far below the single tube. Field synergy factor of double helix tube is much higher than that of the triple straight tube under the same condition. Further experiment was carried out in double helix tube,under various CO_2 pressure and inlet water temperature,the results are analyzed and reported in this paper.

Overview of the Analytical Lifecycle of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Methods

In recent times, the overall interest over Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) is truly growing within various domains but especially for pharmaceutical analysis. However, in the best of our knowledge modern SFC is not yet applied for drug quality control in the daily routine framework. Among the numerous reported SFC methods, none of them could be found to fully satisfy to all steps of the analytical method lifecycle. Thereby, the present contribution aims to provide an overview of the current and past achievements related to SFC techniques, with a targeted attention to this lifecycle and its successive steps. The included discussions were therefore structured accordingly and emphasizing the analytical method lifecycle in accord with the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). Recent and important scientific outputs in the field of analytical SFC, as well as instrumental evolution, qualification strategies, method development methodologies and discussions on the topic of method validation are reviewed.

超高温高压油气井完井封隔器研制与应用

随着深井深层油气田的勘探开发,超高温高压腐蚀性的特殊油气田日益增多,对完井封隔器提出了更高要求,国内现有封隔器不能完全满足工况需求。开发了一种耐高温、高压、腐蚀的新型特种氟橡胶材料和多材料复合密封单元结构,研制了温压指标232℃/103.4 MPa超高温高压油气井完井封隔器。研制中进行了仿真分析和室内测试,并在现场作业中进行了应用。结果表明,在232℃/103.4 MPa测试条件下,密封单元密封完好,封隔器整机满足API-11D1 V0等级的测试要求。在超高温高压环境累计14井次应用过程中,完井封隔器密封良好,无泄漏或失效情况发生,满足油田生产需求,具有现场应用推广价值。

某1000MW超超临界二次再热机组ATT跳闸原因分析及措施

某1000MW超超临界二次再热机组在进行阀门活动性试验(ATT)时,控制(EH)油压异常下降,随后汽轮机所有调节阀全关,触发了发电机逆功率保护,导致机组跳闸.基于油动机工作原理和数字式电液调节系统(DEH)逻辑中存在的调节阀防卡涩逻辑对该机组跳闸事件原因进行分析,并且提出处理建议及后续的防范措施.结果表明:通过严格控制EH油油质、优化试验流程、加强逻辑组态检查,可以有效避免ATT导致汽轮机跳闸.研究结果对同类型发电机组的调试及运行具有一定的参考意义.

大规模CCUS在新型燃煤发电机组中的应用

本文对燃煤电厂度电碳排放强度进行测算,提出新型燃煤发电机组二氧化碳捕集装置规模的建议,介绍醇胺吸收法在大规模二氧化碳捕集和封存利用(CCUS/CCS)中的应用及主要技术经济指标,针对实现燃煤电厂碳排放强度低于600 g CO_(2)/kWh要求的CCUS/CCS技术路线,详细分析了对原有系统的影响并提出了蒸汽和冷却水等系统优化方案,估算降低碳排放强度600 gCO_(2)/kWh条件下的CCUS/CCS运行费用及其对机组度电成本的影响。

超临界火电机组升降负荷的压力偏差控制研究

针对超临界火电机组运行过程中频繁启动和停止、快速升降负荷,以及一次风压的波动等导致的压力偏差问题,研究了一种超临界火电机组升降负荷的压力偏差控制技术。利用广义回归神经网络,计算超临界火电机组蒸汽流量值。通过流量与压力之间的转换,将蒸汽流量值转换为实际蒸汽压力值。计算实际蒸汽压力值与可容忍压力限值之间差值,得到压力偏差。以压力偏差为输入,利用改进的比例积分微分(PID)控制器得到控制量。结合升降负荷压力偏差的调整过程,实现对超临界火电机组升降负荷过程中的压力偏差控制。试验结果表明:所提技术应用后,两种工况下的机组升降负荷压力偏差一直控制在阈值1.5 MPa之下。该研究实现了超临界火电机组升降负荷过程中的压力偏差控制效果优化。

Steam Pressure Control of 1000 MW Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Unit Based on Multi-Model Predictive Control

Ultra-supercritical(USC) coal-fired unit is more and more popular in these years for its advantages.But the control of USC unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling among inputs and outputs. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) method based on multi-model and double layered optimization is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit running in sliding pressure mode and fixed pressure mode. Three inputs(i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs(i.e. output power, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). The step responses for the dynamic matrix control(DMC) are constructed using the three inputs by the three outputs under both pressure control mode. Piecewise models are built at selected operation points. In simulation, the output power follows load demand quickly and main steam temperature can be controlled around the setpoint closely in load tracking control. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

超超临界循环流化床锅炉技术研发进展

随着技术进步和对节能减排需求的提升,更先进的超超临界循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉技术成为行业发展趋势。该文探讨了超超临界CFB锅炉技术的设计理念,包括流态化燃烧、水动力系统、污染物控制及系统集成等关键技术。分析大尺寸炉膛内流态化燃烧的均匀性和燃尽性问题,探讨了不同炉型燃烧系统设计;研究超超临界压力下低质量流速垂直管圈水动力系统的设计方案;提出在大截面和高炉膛条件下污染物控制的设计思路;通过对锅炉燃烧技术、热力系统及辅助系统的耦合特性分析,指出燃烧侧与蒸汽侧系统设计的优化方向。基于对关键技术的深入研究和超临界CFB锅炉的实践经验,形成了多种超超临界CFB技术方案,多个采用不同技术方案的项目已进入到工程应用阶段,其中可靠、灵活、清洁和高效是设计中的关键考量。期望这些多样化的超超临界CFB技术路线能够在未来发展中展现出灵活性和低碳优势。

不同参数高效超超临界机组经济性分析及建议

本文根据目前大量已投运二次再热机组运行经验,结合某660MW项目高效一次再热和二次再热不同的高效超超临界参数,结合对应的汽机热平衡图参数,通过对THA、80%THA、60%THA三个运行负荷进行了相关的机组经济性参数的计算和对比,通过分析提出了在选择一次再热或二次再热参数上的一些建议和结论。

基于二次分解双向门控单元新型电力系统超短期负荷预测

在新型电力系统中,电力负荷随机性和波动性较强,现有预测方法难以对其实现高精度预测。为此,提出一种基于二次分解和双向门控循环单元的超短期负荷预测模型。首先,针对电力负荷的强随机性和强波动性,利用自适应噪声完备经验模态分解对电力负荷历史序列进行初步分解,使负荷序列更加平稳。随后,对初步分解得到的强非平稳分量运用连续变分模态分解进行二次分解,降低其预测难度。最后,为充分学习电力负荷的时序特征,在预测过程构建基于双向门控循环单元的超短期电力负荷预测模型。实验结果表明,该模型相较于现有优秀预测模型有更高的预测精度。

汽流激振下超超临界汽轮机碰摩转子的油膜力特性分析

为探究汽流激振与碰摩故障耦合下超超临界汽轮机组轴系油膜力特性的变化特点,以高压缸转子为研究对象,计算各非线性因素影响下各向异性转子两端的油膜力特性,并结合力的矢量图分析转子两侧的滑动轴承油膜力参数不同时的矢量变化。结果表明:交叉刚度会引发油膜力矢量图出现椭圆化趋势,通过油膜力矢量图边缘的波动情况可间接表征转子在不同运行工况下的振动特点,该现象可作为轴系故障诊断的一个判别方向。

非线性动态特性系数对汽轮机转子-轴承-密封系统运动特性的影响

为准确地反应汽流激振下汽轮机转子-轴承-密封系统的运动特性,推导了包含非线性动态特性(非线性刚度、阻尼)的转子运动微分方程,将数值模拟获得的非线性汽流激振力拟合成方程耦合到运动方程中,采用龙格-库塔法求解对应的运动方程,基于试验对比验证了考察非线性因素的必要性与运动微分方程的准确性。在此基础上,分析汽流激振力作用下不同非线性动态特性系数对转子运动特性与稳定性的影响。结果表明:系统中的非线性动态特性会改变转子不同类型的混沌运动区域与位移,使1/2、1/3、2/3工频的出现范围及幅值改变,密频现象增加;耦合热、动载荷后高负荷区域转子位移减小。对比Lyapunov指数,考虑非线性动态特性后其均值有所上升;合理的非线性刚度能够改善系统的稳定性,高非线性阻尼值能提高系统稳定性;耦合热、动载荷后的系统高负荷运行时更稳定。

P92钢接头Ⅳ型开裂蠕变孔洞临界值的分析及应用

【目的】分析P92管道接头热影响区发生Ⅳ型开裂的蠕变孔洞临界值的影响因素,得到蠕变孔洞临界值计算方法,为评估接头开裂风险提供依据。【方法】收集服役后发生Ⅳ型开裂的P92接头,在未开裂处取样进行610℃下不同应力条件的高温持久蠕变试验,然后使用光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察服役开裂接头和持久断裂接头热影响区的蠕变孔洞分布形貌,并借助图像分析软件测量蠕变孔洞的面积分数,同时使用硬度仪测试热影响区软化情况,最后综合测试结果分析细晶区软化程度和接头应力水平对蠕变孔洞临界值的影响,并拟合应力、显微硬度、孔洞临界值三者之间的函数关系。【结果】研究发现,P92钢接头细晶区相比于接头其它区域软化速度更快,但软化作用并非其发生Ⅳ型开裂的必要条件,当应力水平较高时,细晶区没有发生明显软化时就可以触发蠕变开裂;得到接头轴向应力水平、蠕变孔洞面积分数临界值和显微硬度的函数关系式。【结论】引起Ⅳ型开裂的蠕变孔洞面积分数临界值与相对应力水平(轴向应力与硬度的比值)有关,相对应力水平越高,蠕变孔洞临界值越小,接头安全性就越低;通过测量接头细晶热影响区的蠕变孔洞面积分数和显微硬度,可以估算开裂接头的轴向应力水平,也可以评估在役未开裂接头的Ⅳ型开裂风险。

一种采用记忆神经网络和曲线形状修正的负荷预测方法

针对分布式电源和新型负荷容量累积造成负荷影响因素多元化和不确定性特性增强的问题,文中提出一种采用记忆神经网络和曲线形状修正的负荷预测方法。在负荷峰值预测中,采用最大信息系数计算负荷峰值与影响因素的非线性相关性,实现对输入特征的筛选;综合考虑负荷峰值序列的长短期自相关性和输入特征与负荷峰值的不同程度相关性,结合Attention机制和双向长短时记忆(bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)神经网络建立负荷峰值预测模型。在负荷标幺曲线预测中,通过误差倒数法组合相似日和相邻日,建立负荷标幺曲线预测模型;针对预测偏差的非平稳特征,利用自适应噪声的完全集成经验模态分解和BiLSTM网络建立误差预测模型,对曲线形状进行修正。应用中国北方某城市的区域电网负荷数据为算例,验证了所提模型的有效性。