The Effect of the Early Application of Tirofiban on Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) after Intravenous Thrombolysis with Urokinase

Objective:Discussion and analysis of the effect of the early application of Tirofiban on acute ischemic stroke(AIS)after intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase.Method:The subjects of this study are 40 patients with AIS admitted at the Yibin Fourth People’s Hospital,of which were computer-randomized into a control group(20 cases,with regular urokinase intravenous thrombolysis therapy)and a research group(20 cases,combined with early Tirofiban treatment)from January 2018 to December 2022.The intervention outcomes between these two groups were compared and analyzed.Result:The blood platelet-related parameters before treatment had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05),but the research group was higher than that of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).The Barthel index before treatment in both groups had no statistical difference(P>0.05),but the research group was higher than that of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early Tirofiban treatment for patients with AIS after intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase could effectively regulate the blood platelet-related parameters,hence improving treatment benefits and living capacity for patients,with definite clinical benefits.

Effects of butyphthalide + rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis on the DWI characteristics, coagulation function and neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective: To investigate the effects of butyphthalide + alteplase (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) characteristics, coagulation function and neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: The patients with acute cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital between April 2015 and October 2018 and with the onset time 4.5 hours were selected and divided into the observation group receiving butyphthalide + rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis and the control group receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis by random number table. The differences in DWI parameter apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), coagulation function indexes and neurological function indexes were compared between the two groups. Results: At 7 and 14 days after treatment, the ADC values of both groups were significantly increased, and the ADC values of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group;at 7 days after treatment, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) levels in both groups were significantly prolonged whereas fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer (D-D), platelet activating factor (PAF), P-selectin, von Willebrand factor (vWF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B protein (S100B), malondialdehyde (MDA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) contents were significantly decreased, and the APTT and PT levels in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group whereas FIB, D-D, PAF, P-selectin, vWF, NSE, S100B, MDA and ET-1 contents were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: Butyphthalide + rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis can improve the DWI characteristics, coagulation function and neurological function of patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Anticoagulation effect of low-dose and low-intensity heparin applied within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that immediate anticoagulation after thrombolysis can improve the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, the optimal timing and means of anticoagulation therapy remain unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects and safety of heparin treatment within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： Observation experiment. SETTING： Department of Neurology, the 306 Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS： Fifteen acute cerebral infarction patients complicated by moderate and severe neurologic function deficits within 6 hours after attack admitted to Department of Neurology, the 306 Hospital of Chinese PLA between January 2005 and December 2006 were recruited in this study. The involved patients, 11 male and 4 female, were aged 46- 79 years. They all met the diagnosis criteria for various cerebrovascular diseases formulated by the 4th National Conference for Cerebrovascular Disease （1995） and confirmed as cerebral infarction by skull CT or MRI imageology. Informed consents were obtained from the patients or their relatives. METHODS： On admission, patients received thrombolysis with urokinase. Immediately after thrombolysis, skull CT was rechecked. Intracranial hemorrhage signs were not found by skull CT. Hemorrhage was also not found in skin, mucous membrane and internal organs. Six hours later, low-dose low-intensity heparin 4 - 8 IU/kg per hour was intravenously administrated for anticoagulation for 7 - 10 days successively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neurologic function was evaluated before, immediately 6 hours and 14 days after thrombolysis by scoring standard of clinical neurologic function deficit degree for stroke patients （1995）. Activities of daily living of patients with stroke were evaluated 90 days after thrombolysis by modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS： Fifteen involved patients participated in the final analysis. ① Comparison of clinical neurologic function deficit degree of patients at different time： Neurologic function deficit score at the end of thrombolysis was significantly lower than that before thrombolysis （t =3.45, P 〈 0.01）. Neurologic function deficit score 6 hours after thrombolysis was higher than that at the end of thrombolysis, and neurologic deficits were increased, but no significant difference was found （P 〉 0.05）. Neurologic function deficit score 14 days after thrombolysis was significantly lower than that before thrombolysis （t =4.769, P 〈 0.01）. ②Therapeutic effect and modified Rankin scale results： 14 days after thrombolysis, 4 patients were basically cured, 7 significantly improved, 2 improved and 2 worsened. The total improvement rate of neurologic function deficit was 86.7%. Ninety days after thrombolysis, according to modified Rankin Scale, score was 0 to 2 in 12 patients （80%）, 3 to 4 in 2 patients （13.3%） and 6 in 1 patient （6.7%）. Complications of intracranial hemorrhage were not found in patients within 14 days after thrombolysis. CONCLUSION： Low-dose and low-intensity heparin applied within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis has good safety and efficacy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.

Clinical study about mild hypothermia + intravenous thrombolysis in promoting the neural functional recovery in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective: To explore the efficacy of mild hypothermia + intravenous thrombolysis in promoting the neural functional recovery in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 176 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital between September 2015 and February 2017 were reviewed and divided into the routine group (n=100 cases, receiving routine intravenous thrombolysis therapy) and the mild hypothermia group (n=76, receiving mild hypothermia + intravenous thrombolysis therapy), and the treatment lasted for 1 week. The differences in serum levels of nerve injury indexes, inflammatory mediators and neurotransmitters were compared between the two groups before treatment and after 1 week of treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of nerve injury indexes, inflammatory mediators and neurotransmitters between the two groups. After 1 week of treatment, serum nerve injury indexes H-FABP, NT-proBNP, NSE and S100B levels of mild hypothermia group were lower than those of routine group;inflammatory mediators sICAM-1, IL-8, IL-13 and IL-18 levels were lower than those of routine group;neurotransmitter Glu level was lower than that of routine group whereas GABA level was higher than that of routine group. Conclusion: mild hypothermia + intravenous thrombolysis therapy can effectively reduce the nerve injury and systemic inflammatory response, and optimize the neurotransmitter distribution in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Evaluation of serological indicators of intravenous thrombolysis bridge stent combined with aspiration embolectomy for intracranial macrovascular infarction

Objective: To explore the effect of intravenous thrombolysis bridge stent combined with aspiration embolectomy on serological indicators in patients with intracranial macrovascular infarction. Methods: 92 patients with intracranial macrovascular infarction who received treatment in our hospital between February 2016 and January 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group (n=46) and the study group (n=46) by random number table method. Control group received stent embolectomy alone, and study group received intravenous thrombolysis bridge stent combined with aspiration embolectomy. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory mediators, chemokines and nerve function-related indexes were compared between the two groups before treatment and 24h after embolectomy. Results: Before treatment, the differences in serum levels of inflammatory mediators, chemokines and nerve function-related indexes were not significant between the two groups. 24h after embolectomy, serum inflammatory mediators sICAM-1, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels of study group were lower than those of control group;serum chemokines CXCL16, Fractalkine and MCP-1 contents were lower than those of control group;serum nerve function-related indexes IGF-1, BDNF and CNTF levels were higher than those of control group whereas NSE level was lower than that of control group. Conclusion:Intravenous thrombolysis bridge stent combined with aspiration embolectomy can effectively reduce the systemic inflammatory response and optimize the nerve function in patients with intracranial macrovascular infarction.

Early intravenous administration of tirofiban is recommended in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase:a meta-analysis

Background:The occurrence of early neurological deterioration following intravenous thrombolysis(IVT)is considered a particularly ominous clinical event and is strongly correlated with poor outcomes.Initiating tirofiban within 24 h after IVT has been suggested as a better treatment option to achieve long-term functional outcomes.However,the rationality of this remedy is a controversial.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early intravenous tirofiban administration after IVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods:Databases including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science were searched for clinical trials on early tirofiban implementation after IVT in patients with AIS from inception to September 2022.Odds ratios(ORs)were generated for dichotomous variants via meta-analysis using STATA 17.0 MP.Results:Five clinical trials with 725 patients were eligible.The study outcomes demonstrated that early tirofiban administration after IVT was not associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(OR,0.78;95%confidence interval(CI),0.22–2.74;P=0.70),asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(OR,1.11;95%CI,0.52–2.37;P=0.80),systemic bleeding(OR,0.97;95%CI,0.42–2.23;P=0.94),and death(OR,1.05;95%CI,0.47–2.31;P=0.91),but may reduce the incidence of early neurological deterioration(OR,0.09;95%CI,0.02–0.50;P=0.01),and was significantly associated with 90-day excellent(modified Rankin scale score 0–1)(OR,2.01;95%CI,1.35–3.02;P=0.00)and favorable(modified Rankin scale score 0–2)(OR,2.30;95%CI,1.63–3.23;P=0.00)functional outcomes.Conclusion:The early intravenous administration of tirofiban after IVT in patients with AIS may be a safe and effective treatment strategy that improves long-term neurological functional outcomes without increasing the risk of adverse events.

Effects of Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy with Alteplase on Neurological Function,Coagulation Function and Serum Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects of intravenous thrombolysis therapy with alteplase on neurological function,coagulation function and serum inflammatory factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of 96 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from September 2017 to October 2019 were randomly divided into two groups,with 48 patients in each group.The control group(n=48)received routine treatment,and the observation group received intravenous thrombolysis therapy with alteplase on the basis of routine treatment.The neurological deficit score,prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),tumor necrosis factor-a level(TNF-α),and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were compared between the two groups after 15 days of treatment.Results:After treatment,NIHSS scores in both groups were lower than those before treatment;PT levels were increased,while APTT,TNF-αand hs-CRP levels were all decreased in both groups,and the changes in the observation group were greater than those in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions:Intravenous thrombolysis therapy with alteplase can improve the neurological function,coagulation function and serum levels of inflammatory factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction,which is worthy of clinical application.

Computed tomography perfusion and computed tomography angiography for prediction of clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients after thrombolysis

Cerebral blood perfusion and cerebrovascular lesions are important factors that can affect the therapeutic efficacy of thrombolysis.At present,the majority of studies focus on assessing the accuracy of lesion location using imaging methods before treatment,with less attention to predictions of outcomes after thrombolysis.Thus,in the present study,we assessed the efficacy of combined computed tomography（CT） perfusion and CT angiography in predicting clinical outcomes after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients.The study included 52 patients who received both CT perfusion and CT angiography.Patients were grouped based on the following criteria to compare clinical outcomes：（1） thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic patients,（2） thrombolytic patients with CT angiography showing the presence or absence of a vascular stenosis,（3） thrombolytic patients with CT perfusion showing the presence or absence of hemodynamic mismatch,and（4） different CT angiography and CT perfusion results.Short-term outcome was assessed by the 24-hour National Institution of Health Stroke Scale score change.Long-term outcome was assessed by the 3-month modified Rankin Scale score.Of 52 ischemic stroke patients,29 were treated with thrombolysis and exhibited improved short-term outcomes compared with those without thrombolysis treatment（23 patients）.Patients with both vascular stenosis and blood flow mismatch（13 patients） exhibited the best short-term outcome,while there was no correlation of long-term outcome with CT angiography or CT perfusion findings.These data suggest that combined CT perfusion and CT angiography are useful for predicting short-term outcome,but not long-term outcome,after thrombolysis.

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死患者的再闭塞影响因素及替罗非班治疗效果

目的探讨脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞的影响因素及替罗非班的治疗效果。方法选取100例脑梗死患者作为研究对象,根据阿替普酶静脉溶栓后是否再闭塞分为闭塞组(n=42)和非闭塞组(n=58)。闭塞组给予替罗非班治疗。比较2组一般资料。采用Logistic回归模型分析脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞的影响因素。观察闭塞组治疗总有效率、重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物(rPA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)水平以及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果2组在2型糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、NIHSS评分、起病-溶栓时间方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,2型糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、NIHSS评分、起病-溶栓时间是脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞的影响因素(P<0.05)。42例溶栓后再闭塞患者经替罗非班治疗后总有效率为88.10%(37/42)。治疗3、7 d,rPA高于治疗前,PAI-1低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗1、2、4周,MMSE评分高于治疗前,NIHSS评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、NIHSS评分、起病-溶栓时间可对脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后再闭塞产生影响。再闭塞后予以替罗非班治疗的效果较为理想,有利于改善患者神经功能与rPA、PAI-1水平。

急性脑梗死介入治疗联合静脉溶栓治疗的效果观察

目的 探究介入治疗联合静脉溶栓对急性脑梗死患者的治疗效果。方法 80例急性脑梗死患者,合理且随机划分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组采取静脉溶栓治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用介入治疗。比较两组患者神经功能缺损评分、血清学相关指标(神经生长因子、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、脑钠肽)、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间、纤维蛋白原、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者治疗后1 d、7 d、2周神经功能缺损评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者神经生长因子、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、脑钠肽水平均下降,且观察组患者神经生长因子(95.31±9.65)ng/ml、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(10.26±1.37)μg/L、脑钠肽(157.43±13.25)ng/L均低于对照组的(116.38±10.46)ng/ml、(15.86±1.86)μg/L、(189.46±17.78)ng/L(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者活化部分凝血活酶时间(35.43±2.21)s、凝血酶原时间(13.26±1.53)s、凝血酶时间(17.46±2.24)s比对照组的(30.48±2.15)、(10.93±1.29)、(15.55±1.87)s更长,纤维蛋白原(2.44±0.43)g/L比对照组的(4.21±0.64)g/L更低(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率5.00%比对照组的25.00%更低(P<0.05)。结论 针对急性脑梗死患者,采取静脉溶栓联合介入治疗可有效改善患者神经功能及血清学状况,且可以有效改善活化部分凝血活酶时间等相关临床指标,减少相关并发症的发生,该治疗方案临床应用效果理想,预后效果良好,值得在临床广泛推广。

重组组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓后不同时间加用替罗非班对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经血管功能的影响

目的探讨重组组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后不同时间加用替罗非班对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者神经血管功能的影响。方法选择2020年3月至2023年3月北京老年医院神经内科收治的120例AIS患者为研究对象,患者均经rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗。根据静脉溶栓治疗后加用替罗非班的时间将患者分为早期组(溶栓后6 h内,n=52)、中期组(溶栓后6~12 h,n=38)和晚期组(溶栓后12~24 h,n=30)。比较治疗前、治疗后3组患者神经功能[美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分]、血管功能[血管性假血友病因子(vWF)、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)]、炎症因子[高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)]水平,记录治疗期间不良事件发生率。结果治疗前,3组患者NIHSS、mRS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者治疗后NIHSS、mRS评分显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,早期组患者NIHSS、mRS评分显著低于中期组、晚期组,中期组患者NIHSS、mRS评分显著低于晚期组(P<0.05)。治疗前,3组患者vWF、VE-cadherin、TM水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者治疗后vWF、VE-cadherin、TM水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,早期组患者vWF、VE-cadherin、TM水平显著低于中期组、晚期组(P<0.05);治疗后,晚期组患者vWF水平显著高于中期组(P<0.05),中期组与晚期组患者VE-cadherin、TM水平差比较异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,3组患者hs-CRP、Hcy、IL-1β水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3组患者治疗后hs-CRP、Hcy、IL-1β水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,早期组患者hs-CRP、Hcy、IL-1β水平显著低于中期组和晚期组,中期组患者hs-CRP、Hcy、IL-1β水平显著低于晚期组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,3组患者症状性脑出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);早期组患者再闭塞、心肺并发症发生率显著低于中期组、晚期组(P<0.05);中期组与晚期组患者再闭塞、心肺并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论rt-PA静脉溶栓后不同时间加用替罗非班后均可促进AIS患者神经功能、血管功能恢复,同时可抑制炎症反应,其中早期加用替罗非班效果最佳。

急性缺血性脑卒中病人静脉溶栓后出血转化与脑白质高信号的相关性

目的探究急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)病人静脉溶栓治疗后出血转化与脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensity,WMH)的相关性。方法回顾性分析137例AIS病例资料,均进行静脉溶栓治疗,根据是否发生出血转化分为出血组(53例)和未出血组(84例)。采用单因素与Logistic回归分析AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素。结果两组病人年龄、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、高血压、发病到治疗时间、WMH程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示中重度WMH(OR=2.796,95%CI:1.450-5.391)是AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论WMH是影响AIS病人溶栓治疗后出血转化的危险因素,中重度WMH病人发生出血转化的风险更高。

基于定位二维码技术构建急性缺血性脑卒中流程管理模式

目的基于定位二维码技术构建急性缺血性脑卒中流程管理模式,并探索其临床应用价值。方法比较管理模式应用前后急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓总用时及各时间节点用时、住院天数及住院费用等,同时比较模式应用前后急诊科护士护理记录书写用时、书写错误及缺陷等。结果基于定位二维码技术构建的急性缺血性脑卒中流程能有效缩短DNT(P<0.001),模式应用后护理记录书写时间明显缩短(P<0.001),书写质量提高。结论通过定位二维码技术可实现流程数据精确抓取,在生成流程时间轴的同时可生成相应护理记录,为卒中流程质量改进提供了数据支持,对高级卒中中心的建立有借鉴价值。

心房颤动相关急性缺血性脑卒中血管再通治疗后的抗凝治疗现状分析

目的了解现实世界心房颤动相关急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者接受血管再通治疗后的抗凝现状。方法采用回顾性病例研究方法,抽取南昌大学第二附属医院2019年1月至2022年1月出院诊断为AIS和心房颤动并采取静脉溶栓(IVT)、血管内取栓(EVT)或IVT+EVT治疗的患者为研究对象,记录患者基本临床资料、启动抗凝治疗的时间、抗凝方案及结果等并进行统计学分析,并对延迟或未启动抗凝治疗的原因进行调查分析。结果符合筛选标准的心房颤动相关AIS患者共189例,其中IVT组86例(45.5%)、EVT组63例(33.3%)、IVT+EVT组40例(21.2%)。189例患者的平均年龄为(72.90±9.23)岁,女性患者有93例(49.2%),36.0%(68/189)的患者在AIS血管再通治疗后14 d内启动抗凝治疗,其中IVT组占58.8%(40/68)、EVT组占22.1%(15/68)、IVT+EVT组占19.1%(13/68),3组之间14 d内启动抗凝治疗的患者占比差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。对血管再通治疗后14 h内启动抗凝治疗患者(68例)与延迟或未启动抗凝治疗患者(121例)临床资料的单因素分析结果显示,两组既往脑卒中病史、血管再通治疗前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分、血管再通治疗前改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、影像学特点(病灶靠近皮质、大面积梗死、严重的颅内责任大动脉狭窄或闭塞)、血管再通治疗方式、血管再通治疗后3 d NIHSS评分、血管再通治疗后颅内出血转化差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,血管再通治疗后3 d NIHSS评分高(OR=1.113,95%CI 1.053~1.176,P<0.001)、血管再通治疗后发生颅内出血(OR=6.098,95%CI 2.004~18.193,P=0.001)的患者不宜进行抗凝治疗。大面积梗死(40.8%)、梗死部位(35.8%)及卒中后出血转化(40.8%)是影响主诊医师启动抗凝治疗的常见原因。在心房颤动相关AIS患者90 d预后中,6例患者出现出血事件,90 d预后良好(mRS评分为0~2分)患者共116例。血管再通治疗后14 d内启动抗凝组90 d预后良好率(89.7%,61/68)高于延迟或未启动抗凝组(45.5%,55/121),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论接受IVT、EVT或IVT+EVT治疗的心房颤动相关AIS患者,在血管再通治疗后早期开始抗凝治疗是安全的,但大多数患者抗凝治疗时机晚于当前推荐的抗凝时机。

高水平空腹血糖与缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后功能结局的关系分析

目的探讨空腹血糖与接受静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者功能结局的关系。方法回顾性收集2018年10月—2020年11月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院静脉溶栓患者的病历资料。纳入发病4.5 h内接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者为研究对象,采集相关研究数据(包括空腹血糖等)。研究结局设定为出院时功能结局良好,即mRS评分0~1分。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨空腹血糖与功能结局的关联性。结果共入组205例患者,平均年龄为(63.21±11.67)岁,其中153例(74.63%)患者为男性,入院NIHSS评分为5(3~9)分。其中117例(57.07%)患者出院时功能结局不良,88例(42.93%)患者出院时功能结局良好。功能结局良好的患者空腹血糖水平低于功能结局不良的患者[5.10(4.46~7.06)mmol/L vs.6.33(5.09~7.79)mmol/L,P=0.001]。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,校正年龄、性别、NIHSS评分后,空腹血糖水平与接受静脉溶栓功能结局相关(OR0.876,95%CI0.774~0.991,P=0.035);校正年龄、性别、NIHSS评分、桥接取栓后,关联性没有达到统计学意义(OR0.891,95%CI0.791~1.004,P=0.058)。结论对于接受静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者,高水平空腹血糖可能会增加静脉溶栓后出院功能结局不良风险。

血清AQP联合CT脑灌注成像参数预测急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后的价值

目的 研究CT脑灌注成像参数联合血清水通道蛋白(AQP)对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者溶栓后短期预后的预测价值。方法 选择2021年9月至2023年12月于江苏省常州市武进中医医院进行静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者,溶栓前进行CT脑灌注成像并计算参数平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP),采集血清并检测AQP1、AQP4、AQP9水平。根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将患者分为轻度组(NIHSS评分≤4分)、中度组(NIHSS评分5~19分)、重度组(NIHSS评分20~25分);根据溶栓治疗后第90d的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分0~2分)、预后不良组(mRS评分3~5分)。比较各组MTT、TTP及血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9的差异,采用logistic多因素回归分析预后不良的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析各影响因素对预后不良的预测价值。结果 不同神经损伤程度AIS患者MTT、TTP及血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9比较:轻度组<中度组<重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组AIS患者的年龄、入院时NIHSS评分、病灶最大径、MTT、TTP、血清AQP1、AQP4、AQP9水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MTT、TTP、AQP1、AQP4、入院时NIHSS评分是AIS患者短期预后的影响因素(P<0.05);各影响因素对AIS患者短期预后具有预测价值,联合预测的灵敏度和特异度分别为84.31%和92.86%。结论 CT脑灌注成像参数MTT、TTP联合血清AQP1、AQP4对AIS患者溶栓后短期预后具有较好预测效能。

颈动脉狭窄斑块风险预测模型评估觉醒型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后的价值

目的:探讨颈动脉狭窄斑块风险预测模型对觉醒型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的评估价值。方法:选取94例接受静脉溶栓治疗的觉醒型缺血性脑卒中患者,依据预后将其分为预后不良组(26例)和预后良好组(68例),对其一般资料及颈动脉狭窄斑块超声因素行logistic回归分析,并构建风险预测模型。结果:单因素分析显示,预后不良组的年龄、合并冠心病、斑块形态、斑块表面光滑与否、狭窄程度、斑块长度、狭窄处峰值流速、RI与预后良好组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。logistic多因素回归分析显示,合并冠心病、斑块形态不规则、斑块表面不光滑、重度狭窄、长斑块、狭窄处峰值流速高和RI大是觉醒型缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓预后不良的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。基于此建立预测模型,模型公式:Logit(P)=3.671×合并冠心病+3.726×斑块形态+3.827×斑块表面光滑+3.006×狭窄程度+0.383×斑块长度+3.796×狭窄处峰值流速+10.990×RI-34.572。其Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示,χ^(2)=1.700,P=0.989,AUC为0.958(P<0.001,95%CI 0.922~0.994),敏感度84.60%,特异度95.60%,最大约登指数为0.802,模型预测觉醒型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后不良的校正曲线总体趋势与理想曲线基本吻合。结论:觉醒型缺血性脑卒中患者在静脉溶栓治疗后颈动脉狭窄斑块的多项超声参数均有明显变化,基于此建立的超声参数风险预测模型对患者的预后具有一定的预测价值。

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓联合丁苯酞对心源性脑卒中的治疗效果、出血事件及内皮功能的影响

目的 探究超早期应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓联合丁苯酞对心源性脑卒中患者的治疗效果、出血事件及内皮功能的影响。方法 选取2022年1月至2023年8月于宝鸡市中心医院进行诊治的168例超早期心源性脑卒中患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为联合组(84例,接受rt-PA溶栓联合丁苯酞治疗)和对照组(84例,仅接受rt-PA溶栓治疗)。治疗14 d后,比较两组的疗效,14 d内出血性转化(HT)发生率,并对两组治疗前后的神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、细胞纤连蛋白(c-FN)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平进行检测并加以对比。结果 联合组和对照组治疗前美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分差异无统计学意义(t=0.723,P>0.05);治疗14 d后,两组患者NIHSS评分均下降,且联合组NIHSS评分(15.69±3.32)分低于对照组(8.61±1.87)分(t=8.286,P<0.05)。联合组治疗总有效率(91.67%)高于对照组(79.76%)(χ^(2)=4.861,P<0.05)。联合组HT发生率(9.52%)低于对照组(24.43%)(χ^(2)=4.550,P<0.05),两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.083,P>0.05)。治疗前,联合组和对照组的NSE、MMP-9、c-FN、VEGF差异无统计学意义(t=1.085,1.243,0.142,均P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者治疗后NSE、MMP-9、c-FN水平低于治疗前,且联合组VEGF水平[(288.04±79.84) ng·L^(-1)]高于对照组[(246.82±61.05) ng·L^(-1)](t=3.760,P<0.05),NSE水平、MMP-9水平、c-FN水平[分别为(12.26±2.26)μg·L^(-1)、(100.16±27.42)μg·L^(-1)、(1.50±0.48) mg·L^(-1)]低于对照组[分别为(13.27±2.5)μg·L^(-1)、(126.34±34.11)μg·L^(-1)、(1.71±0.73) mg·L^(-1)](t=5.483,2.203,3.760,均P<0.05)。结论 超早期rt-PA溶栓联合丁苯酞治疗方案可提高心源性脑卒中患者的治疗效果,降低HT发生率,并改善血管内皮功能。

急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后不良预警模型构建

目的:对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)静脉溶栓的预后不良影响因素进行分析,构建其不良预警模型为其并发症防治提供依据。方法:收集256例AIS患者,4.5 h内均行静脉溶栓及用药后1 h内进行DWI检查,治疗3个月后按MRS评分结果分为82例预后不良组(>2分)和174例预后良好组(≤2分),采用Logistic回归分析预后不良影响因素,构建其预警模型及使用ROC曲线分析模型预测效能。结果:低DWI-ASPECTS和高NIHSS评分均是预后不良的危险因素(P=0.01)。ROC曲线显示,当NIHSS≥5分、DWI-ASPECTS<8分、NIHSS≥5分且DWI-ASPECTS<8分时,对静脉溶栓预后不良预测灵敏度、特异度、阳性率及阴性率分别为92%、47%、45%、92%,79%、80%、65%、89%,93%、73%、69%、94%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:AIS静脉溶栓预后不良危险因素是高基线NIHSS评分和低基线DWI-ASPECTS评分,联合构建其预后不良预警模型有助于防治静脉溶栓后并发症。

MHR、NLR与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系

目的探究单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月蚌埠第一人民医院收治的110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的病历资料。收集患者的基线资料,根据患者90 d时电话随访结果分为预后良好组和预后不佳组。采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析影响患者预后的高危因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估MHR、NLR对急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的预测效能。结果110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后良好76例(69.09%),预后不佳34例(30.91%)。预后不佳组患者的白细胞计数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数、MHR、NLR高于预后良好组(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、淋巴细胞计数低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数[O^R=4.125(95%CI:1.409,12.068)]、NIHSS评分[O^R=4.860(95%CI:1.662,14.218)]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[O^R=0.234(95%CI:0.080,0.685)]、中性粒细胞计数[O^R=3.991(95%CI:1.364,11.676)]、单核细胞计数[O^R=3.529(95%CI:1.206,10.325)]、淋巴细胞计数[O^R=0.248(95%CI:0.085,0.724)]、MHR[O^R=3.445(95%CI:1.178,10.079)]、NLR[O^R=4.043(95%CI:1.382,11.829)]均为急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后不佳的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,MHR、NLR单一及联合预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的敏感性分别为82.35%(95%CI:0.648,0.926)、79.41%(95%CI:0.616,0.907)、85.29%(95%CI:0.682,0.944);特异性分别为76.32%(95%CI:0.649,0.850)、73.92%(95%CI:0.641,0.835)、88.16%(95%CI:0.782,0.941);曲线下面积分别为0.790(95%CI:0.712,0.869)、0.801(95%CI:0.732,0.891)、0.875(95%CI:0.810,0.940)。结论MHR、NLR水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者的预后密切相关,且可用于预测患者的短期预后。