Dynamic damage and stress-strain relations of ultra-high performance cementitious composites subjected to repeated impact

Ultra-high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) were prepared by replacing 60% of cement with ultra-fine industrial waste powders.The dynamic damage and compressive stress-strain relations of UHPCC were studied using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).The damage of UHPCC subjected to repeated impact was measured by the ultrasonic pulse velocity method.Results show that the dynamic damage of UHPCC increases linearly with impact times and the abilities of repeated impact resistance of UHPCC are improved with increasing fiber volume fraction.The stress waves on impact were recorded and the average stress,strain and strain rate of UHPCC were calculated based on the wave propagation theory.The effects of strain rate,fibers volume fraction and impact times on the stress-strain relations of UHPCC were studied.Results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus decrease while the strain rate and peak strain increase gradually with increasing impact times.

Main properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites under couple effect of load and environment

This study aims to reveal the mechanism that how the content of steel fibers and strength grades affect the macro performance of the ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC） and to study the UHPFRCC durability under the combined effect of loads and environments. Three types of high and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with different strength grades （100, 150, 200 MPa） and different steel fiber volume fractions （0%, 1%, 2%, 3%） are prepared. The main properties of mechanical performance and short-term durability are studied. A preloading frame is designed to apply a four- point load external flexural stress with a stress selection ratio of 0.5 for UHPFRCC150 specimens. The results show that the growth in strength grade with a proper content of steel fiber greatly increases the strength and toughness of the HPFRCC and the UHPFRCC while decreasing the dry-shrinkage ratio. For the loaded specimens, the existence of steel fiber can reduce the negative influence of tensile stress on the Cl- penetration resistance of the UHPFRCC in addition to improving its ability to resist the freeze-thaw damage.

Dynamic Compression Behavior of Ultra-high Performance Cement-based Composite with Hybrid Steel Fiber Reinforcements

Ultra-high performance cement-based composites (UHPCC) is promising in construction of concrete structures that suffer impact and explosive loads.In this study,a reference UHPCC mixture with no fiber reinforcement and four mixtures with a single type of fiber reinforcement or hybrid fiber reinforcements of straight smooth and end hook type of steel fibers were prepared.Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was performed to investigate the dynamic compression behavior of UHPCC and X-CT test and 3D reconstruction technology were used to indicate the failure process of UHPCC under impact loading.Results show that UHPCC with 1% straight smooth fiber and 2% end hook fiber reinforcements demonstrated the best static and dynamic mechanical properties.When the hybrid steel fiber reinforcements are added in the concrete,it may need more impact energy to break the matrix and to pull out the fiber reinforcements,thus,the mixture with hybrid steel fiber reinforcements demonstrates excellent dynamic compressive performance.

Preparation of Self-compacting Ultra-high Toughness Cementitious Composite

A self-compacting ultra-high toughness cementitious composite （UHTCC） reinforced by discontinuous short polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） fibers, which exhibits self-compacting performance in the fresh state and strain-hardening and multiple cracking behavior in the hardened state, was developed through controlling flow properties of fresh mortar matrix at constant ingredients concentrations determined by micromechanical design and ensuring uniform fibers dispersion. The superplasticizer was utilized to adjust its flow properties in the fresh state. A series of flow tests, including deformability test, flow rate test, and self-placing test, were conducted to characterize and quantify the fluidity performance of fresh mortar matrix and self-compactability of fresh UHTCC. It is revealed that the utilization of superplasticizer is efficient in producing the fresh mortar matrix with desirable fluidity and the resulting self-compacting UHTCC. In addition, results of four point bending tests on the developed self-compacting UHTCC confirm the insensitivity of mechanical performance of self-compacting UHTCC to the presence of external vibrations as well as the flexural characteristics of deformation hardening and multiple cracking.

Determination of Ten Kinds of Alpha-2 Agonists Residues in Animal Derived Food by UHPLC-Triple Quadrupole/Composite Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]The paper was to establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap complex mass spectrometry for the determination of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists in animal derived food.[Methods]The samples were extracted with sodium carbonate buffer solution and ethyl acetate,and analyzed by mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography separation.[Results]Ten kinds ofα2-receptor agonists showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-100μg/mL,with the average recovery of over 69%and the relative standard deviation less than 8.32%.The detection limit of 10 kinds of α_(2)-receptor agonists was up to 1μg/kg.[Conclusions]The method has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability,and can meet the requirements of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists residues in animal derived food.

Direct tension and fracture resistance curves of ultra high performance marine composite materials

Fracture behavior is one of the most important,yet still little understood properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites(UHPCC),a new marine structural engineering material. Research on the fracture and direct tension behavior of UHPCC was carried out.The constitution law of UHPCC was divided into three phases:pre-partial debonding,partial debonding,and pullout phases.A direct tension constitution law was constructed based on the proposed fiber reinforcing parameter as a function of fiber volume fraction,fiber diameter and length,and fiber bonding strength.With the definition of linear crack shape,the energy release rate of UHPCC was derived and the R-curve equation was calculated from this.Loading tests of UHPCC using a three-point bending beam with an initial notch were carried out.The predictions from the proposed R-curve were in good agreement with the test results, indicating that the proposed R-curve accurately describes the fracture resistance of UHPCC.Introduction of a fiber reinforcement parameter bridges the fracture property R-curve and micro-composites’ mechanics parameters together.This has laid the foundation for further research into fracture properties based on micro-mechanics.The proposed tension constitution law and R-curve can be references for future UHPCC fracture evaluation.

Influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro performance of UHPFRCC

This study investigates the influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC）, and aims to discover whether it is possible to produce qualified UHPFRCC using different curing regimes. A control mix of UHPFRCC is prepared. The mechanical performance and the short-term durability of the UHPFRCC matrix under three curing regimes are studied. In addition, the microstructures of the UHPFRCC matrix with different curing conditions are analyzed by combining scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. The results explore how different UHPFRCC curing regimes affect its microstructure and how the microstructure affects its macro behavior. Heat and steam curing for 3 d is succeeded to produce the UHPFRCC with nearly the same mechanical properties and durability as those of the 90 d standard curing. However, the heat cured UHPFRCC does not show great resistance to chloride-ion penetration.

玻璃砂超高性能水泥基复合材料的制备及性能

为实现超高性能水泥基复合材料(ultra-high performance cementitious composite,UHPCC)的可持续性和环保性,以玻璃砂替代UHPCC中的河砂,制作玻璃砂超高性能水泥基复合材料(glass sand ultrahigh-performance cementitious composite,GS-UHPCC),通过开展力学性能试验,探讨不同玻璃砂替代率和玻璃砂粒径对GS-UHPCC抗压、抗折性能的影响,定量表征GS-UHPCC的弯曲韧性和能量吸收能力,并通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜试验,分析了玻璃砂的增韧机理.结果表明,以平均粒径为0.27 mm的玻璃砂替代河砂,当体积替代率为40%时效果最好,替代后GS-UHPCC在养护28 d时的抗压强度相较于未掺时提升了17.0%,抗折强度提升了14.8%,能量吸收能力最优,微观结构致密,水化反应最为完全.本研究得出的最优玻璃砂替代率与粒径,可为GS-UHPCC的应用提供可行性支持.

聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面性能研究进展

聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能是影响纤维增强水泥基复合材料延性的关键因素。传统混凝土具有脆性较大韧性较差等缺点,为满足高强高韧性工程需要,国内外学者将聚合物纤维加入水泥基材料中从而制备出具有良好性能的纤维增强水泥基复合材料。为了分析国内外近年来在相关领域的研究成果,总结聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面性能参数及脱粘机理,纤维物理性质(埋深,直径,种类,改性)、水泥基材料组分、加载速率、温度和服役环境对聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能的影响规律,以及纤维与水泥基材料界面过渡区特点。结果表明:聚合物纤维具有稳定的化学性质,纤维发挥桥接作用主要依靠纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能。通过对聚合物纤维进行物理和化学处理,调整纤维长径比、埋深,改变水泥基材料水灰比、砂灰比及砂子类型等水泥基体组分可有效改善纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能。同时温度、服役条件和加载速率对其界面粘结性能也影响明显。

石灰石粉硅灰复合胶凝体系预制梁混凝土试验研究

文中研究了石灰石粉、硅灰以不同比例取代粉煤灰的预制梁混凝土工作性能及物理力学性能变化规律,并结合扫描电镜分析其对混凝土微观形貌的影响,从微观层面揭示石灰石粉硅灰复掺胶凝体系影响混凝土性能的微观机理。结果表明,石灰石粉取代粉煤灰掺量的67%、硅灰取代粉煤灰掺量的33%,预制梁混凝土性能最佳,相较于基准混凝土,坍落度提高10%,扩展度提高6.3%,1 h坍落度、扩展度经时损失分别下降了33.3%,37.5%;3,7,28 d抗压强度分别提高3.2%,4.2%,12.6%;3,7,28 d弹性模量分别提高3.5%、3.7%、6.1%;干缩率接近基准混凝土。复合胶凝体系混凝土微观结构中C─S─H凝胶比例大幅提高,C─S─H凝胶聚集成层状,对混凝土起到更好的填充和黏结作用。按适宜比例复掺的石灰石粉硅灰预制梁混凝土工作性能和力学性能要优于单掺粉煤灰,并且不影响混凝土的干缩变形。

磷石膏掺量对PG-CS-SS-SL复合胶凝材料关键性能的影响

为提高工业固体废弃物在辅助胶凝材料中的利用,以工业固体废弃物磷石膏(PG)、电石渣(CS)、钢渣(SS)和矿渣(SL)为原材料制备磷石膏-电石渣-钢渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料(PG-CS-SS-SL)。研究了PG掺量对PG-CS-SS-SL流动度、强度特性、吸水率、软化系数和微观结构的影响。使用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTG和SEM对PG-CS-SS-SL强度形成机理和性能发生变化的原因进行分析。结果表明,PG-CS-SS-SL的流动度随PG掺量的增加而增大;PG-CS-SS-SL的强度和软化系数均随PG掺量的增加而呈现出先略微增加后降低的趋势,当PG掺量为10%时PG-CS-SS-SL的28 d强度最高,其抗折和抗压强度分别为6.8 MPa和32.9 MPa,相应的耐水性能最优,其软化系数为0.904;PG-CS-SS-SL的吸水率随PG掺量的增加呈现出先略微降低后增加的趋势,当PG掺量为10%时PG-CS-SS-SL的吸水率最小。微观分析表明,适量的PG能够促进PG-CS-SSSL体系中C-(A)-S-H凝胶和AFt的形成,优化硬化浆体的微观结构,有利于硬化浆体的强度发展;但掺量过多会导致硬化浆体的微观结构变差,造成PG-CS-SS-SL性能变差。

水泥基灌浆材料制备和基本性能研究评述

基于国内外研究现状,介绍了水泥基灌浆材料的基本原材料组成,并综述了其流动性能、凝结特性、膨胀性能、力学性能以及长期性能和耐久性能的研究成果,总结了研究中发现的基本规律并分析了其中存在的局限性,同时结合工程需求和建材行业发展趋势,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望并给出若干建议。

粗骨料对超高性能应变硬化水泥基复合材料(UHP-SHCC)性能的影响

根据超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的制备理论和应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)的设计原理,制备了超高性能应变硬化水泥基复合材料(UHP-SHCC),研究了钢纤维改性处理和粗骨料的级配(最大粒径分别为6.00、8.00、9.75 mm)与掺量(0、5%、11%、15%)对UHP-SHCC抗压强度和拉伸行为的影响。结果表明:与未改性钢纤维相比,改性钢纤维使UHP-SHCC的应变硬化行为更明显;通过合理调控粗骨料的级配和掺量,有效提高了UHP-SHCC的抗压强度,改善了UHP-SHCC的拉伸应变硬化效果,但随着龄期从7 d增至28 d,UHP-SHCC的应变硬化效果略有减弱。

应变硬化水泥基复合材料增强钢筋混凝土构件受弯性能试验研究

设计了1组钢筋混凝土梁构件(RC)和3组应变硬化水泥基复合材料增强钢筋混凝土梁构件(U-10、U-30、U-50),研究了应变硬化水泥基复合材料层厚度(0、10、30、50 mm)对构件受弯性能的影响。结果表明:与RC构件相比,U-10、U-30和U-50构件的承载能力分别提高了16.5%、34.8%和61.0%;在加载过程中,纵向钢筋先屈服,然后应变硬化水泥基复合材料增强层开始承担荷载,且增强层表面出现众多细小裂缝,此后,部分细小裂缝局部化,增强层韧性逐渐丧失,承载能力下降,并最终保持与钢筋混凝土基梁一致。

基于复合胶凝材料体系的超高性能混凝土性能研究

针对桥梁伸缩缝过渡区频繁出现的混凝土破损问题,研发了一种用于桥梁伸缩缝过渡区修复的硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥胶凝材料体系超高性能混凝土(UHPC),并对其性能及微观结构进行了研究;优选了硫铝酸盐水泥的掺入比例,在某公路伸缩缝修复工程中进行了实际应用。结果表明:合适掺量的硫铝酸盐水泥能够有效提高UHPC的综合性能;当硫铝酸盐水泥质量为水泥总质量的10%时,所制备的UHPC在实际修复工程中的应用效果较好,养护24 h后抗压强度已经达到40 MPa。

超高延性混凝土(ECC)加固砌体墙抗剪性能的数值分析

为解决既有砌体结构抗震性能差,无法满足现行规范使用要求的问题,拟采用ECC对砌体墙进行加固,以提高其承载能力及抗震性能。对砖-砖、砖-ECC界面采用牵引-分离模型的方法,利用ABAQUS建立未加固砌体墙和加固砌体墙的精细化有限元模型,研究砌体墙在压剪荷载作用下的损伤模式、滞回性能、承载力及变形能力等。对比模拟与试验结果,验证了有限元模型的准确性,考虑砌筑砂浆强度、加固层厚度、ECC抗拉强度等进一步开展参数分析。研究表明:ECC面层可显著提高砌体墙的抗剪承载力、耗能能力及变形能力;提高砌筑砂浆强度、ECC抗拉强度和加固层厚度均可显著提升砌体墙的抗剪性能。本研究对既有民用建筑及电网系统重变电站等砌体结构的修复及加固具有重要指导意义。

高性能混凝土在钢桥面铺装中的应用研究进展

高性能混凝土因其优异的力学特性和耐久性能而具有广阔的应用前景,其中最受瞩目的是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)和应变硬化水泥基复合材料(ECC),将其与钢桥面板的组合是近年来桥梁工程中新材料应用的典型范例。通过对钢-高性能混凝土组合桥面板的静力抗弯性能、疲劳性能、界面抗剪性能和负弯矩区抗裂性能等方面的研究和相关设计规范进行了归纳总结,提出目前高性能混凝土在钢桥面铺装中应用亟待解决的系列问题,为相关领域的研究和工程应用提供参考。

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)单面模板体系历史砖墙无损加固技术性能研究及应用

普通混凝土外包法加固历史砖墙技术中的结构植筋、对穿螺杆等工序,会带来保护体永久性损伤等缺陷,使得超高性能混凝土(UHPC)在结构修补加固等领域的应用日益广泛。通过复合胶凝材料体系设计制备工作性、力学性和耐久性均符合砖墙加固要求的UHPC,并结合上海市黄浦区160街坊保护性综合改造项目,验证其加固历史砖墙的效果。结果表明:超高性能混凝土扩展度可达650 mm±50 mm,抗压强度≥150 MPa,快冻法500次循环后,平均质量损失<5%,相对动弹性模量>60%,6 h电通量低于40 C。加固后,该材料和砖墙黏结性能优异,修复后墙面色泽均匀、平整未开裂。因此,UHPC单面支模体系加固历史砖墙的施工工艺,表现出优异的无损加固的特点。

硼酸对硫铝酸盐基复合胶凝材料性能的影响

本文研究了不同硼酸掺量下的硫铝酸盐基复合胶凝材料的标准稠度用水量和凝结时间及安定性,抗压、抗折强度变化规律,并利用XRD和SEM测试方法对复合胶凝材料的水化机理进行分析。结果表明:硼酸的掺入不影响胶凝材料的安定性,但使标准稠度用水量增加,且标准稠度用水量与硼酸掺量成反比;硼酸掺量越大,初、终凝时间延长越明显;当硼酸掺量为0.20%(质量分数)时,硫铝酸盐水泥占比高的试验组早期强度提高,且后期强度不倒缩;硼酸可使钙矾石的形态更粗壮。掺加硼酸可使复合材料的干缩率降低,质量变化率呈下降趋势。

功能自恢复SMA/ECC墩柱抗震性能试验研究

墩柱作为主要承重构件,其抗震能力对整个桥梁结构的安全至关重要。为了提高墩柱的变形能力、耗能能力及损伤自修复能力,减小墩柱震后的残余变形和损伤,实现震后不修复或者稍作修复就可恢复正常功能,提出了一种基于形状记忆合金(Shape memory alloy,SMA)和工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composites,ECC)的新型自复位墩柱。利用SMA的超弹恢复性能,在墩柱的塑性铰区用SMA筋来替代普通纵向钢筋,来实现墩柱的自复位功能;利用ECC的应变硬化特性,ECC替代墩柱的塑性铰区普通混凝土,提高墩柱耗能能力并减少损伤。设计制作了5个试验试件,分别为普通钢筋混凝土墩柱、普通钢筋ECC墩柱、钢绞线普通混凝土墩柱、钢绞线ECC墩柱和形状记忆合金筋ECC墩柱,并进行低周反复加载试验,对比分析了不同墩柱的破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力等抗震性能。研究结果表明:SMA材料能够增强结构的变形能力,提高结构的延性,减小结构残余变形;ECC材料能够提高结构延性,减缓裂缝的开展速度,提高结构的耗能能力。与普通钢筋混凝土墩柱相比,SMA/ECC墩柱不仅表现出较好的延性,且构件复位效果良好,显著减小了结构损伤,展现出更好的抗震性能。