Multiphysics processes in the interfacial transition zone of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites under induced curing pressure and implications for mine backfill materials: A critical review

The mesoscale fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone(FM-ITZ) under induced curing pressure plays a key role in the effectiveness of fiber reinforcement and the engineering application of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites(FRCCs). This critical review establishes the link among induced curing pressure(i.e., external loading condition), multiphysics processes(i.e., internal governing mechanism), and interface behavior(i.e., material behavior) for FRCC materials through analysis of the state-of-the-art research findings on the FM-ITZ of FRCC materials. The following results are obtained. For the mechanical process, the induced curing pressure changes the stress state and enhances multicracking behavior, which can strengthen the FM-ITZ. For the hydraulic process, the strengthened seepage of the FM-ITZ under induced curing pressure weakens the effective stress and exaggerates the deficiency in water retention capacity between the bulk matrix and the FMITZ. For the thermal process, the induced curing pressure causes a steep temperature gradient in the FM-ITZ and thus influences the temperature evolution and thermally-induced microcracks in the FM-ITZ. For the chemical process, the induced curing pressure enhances hydration kinetics and results in the formation of additional hydration products in the FM-ITZ. Moreover, recommendations are proposed on the basis of findings from this review to facilitate the implementation of fiber reinforcement in cemented paste backfill technology.

Main properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites under couple effect of load and environment

This study aims to reveal the mechanism that how the content of steel fibers and strength grades affect the macro performance of the ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC） and to study the UHPFRCC durability under the combined effect of loads and environments. Three types of high and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with different strength grades （100, 150, 200 MPa） and different steel fiber volume fractions （0%, 1%, 2%, 3%） are prepared. The main properties of mechanical performance and short-term durability are studied. A preloading frame is designed to apply a four- point load external flexural stress with a stress selection ratio of 0.5 for UHPFRCC150 specimens. The results show that the growth in strength grade with a proper content of steel fiber greatly increases the strength and toughness of the HPFRCC and the UHPFRCC while decreasing the dry-shrinkage ratio. For the loaded specimens, the existence of steel fiber can reduce the negative influence of tensile stress on the Cl- penetration resistance of the UHPFRCC in addition to improving its ability to resist the freeze-thaw damage.

Effect of Shrinkage Reducing Agent and Steel Fiber on the Fluidity and Cracking Performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete

Due to the low water-cement ratio of ultra-high-performance concrete(UHPC),fluidity and shrinkage cracking are key aspects determining the performance and durability of this type of concrete.In this study,the effects of different types of cementitious materials,chemical shrinkage-reducing agents(SRA)and steel fiber(SF)were assessed.Compared with M2-UHPC and M3-UHPC,M1-UHPC was found to have better fluidity and shrinkage cracking performance.Moreover,different SRA incorporation methods,dosage and different SF types and aspect ratios were implemented.The incorporation of SRA and SF led to a decrease in the fluidity of UHPC.SRA internal content of 1%(NSRA-1%),SRA external content of 1%(WSRA-1%),STS-0.22 and STE-0.7 decreased the fluidity of UHPC by 3.3%,8.3%,9.2%and 25%,respectively.However,SRA and SF improved the UHPC shrinkage cracking performance.NSRA-1%and STE-0.7 reduced the shrinkage value of UHPC by 40%and 60%,respectively,and increased the crack resistance by 338%and 175%,respectively.In addition,the addition of SF was observed to make the microstructure of UHPC more compact,and the compressive strength and flexural strength of 28 d were increased by 26.9%and 19.9%,respectively.

Electromagnetic Shielding and Absorption Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites

In order to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness （SE） and absorbing properties of fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber, carbon fiber and synthetic polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） fiber reinforced concrete were researched. The results show that with the increase of fiber Volume fraction, the SE and trend of frequency change of corresponding fiber reinforced concrete are enhanced. When the volume content of steel fiber is 3%, the SE of concrete is above 50 dB and its frequency is above 1.8 GHz. Moreover, in the range of 8-18 GHz, steel fiber, carbon fiber and PVA fiber all can improve the microwave absorption properties of concrete. The concrete with 0.5% carbon fiber can achieve the best absorbing property, the minimum reflectivity is about -7 dB; while steel fiber optimal volume fraction is 2%. The reflectivity curve of PVA fiber reinforced concrete fluctuates with the frequency, and the minimum value of the reflectivity is below -10 dB. The results show that fiber reinforced concrete could be used as EMI（electromagnetic interference） prevention buildings by attenuating and reflecting electromagnetic wave energy.

Fiber-reinforced Mechanism and Mechanical Performance of Composite Fibers Reinforced Concrete

To understand the enhancing effect and fiber-reinforced mechanism of composite fibers reinforced cement concrete, the influences of composite fibers on micro-cracks and the distribution of composite fibers were evaluated by optical electron micrometer(OEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Three kinds of fiber, such as polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, basalt fiber, and glass fiber, were used in the composite fibers reinforced cement concrete. The composite fibers could form a stable structure in concrete after the liquid-phase coupling treatment, gas-liquid double-effect treatment, and inert atmosphere drying. The mechanical properties of composite fibers reinforced concrete(CFRC) were studied by universal test machine(UTM). Moreover, the effect of composite fibers on concrete was analyzed based on the toughness index and residual strength index. The results demonstrated that the composite fibers could improve the mechanical properties of concrete, while the excessive amount of composite fibers had an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of concrete. The composite fibers could significantly improve the toughness index of CFRC, and the increment rate is more than 30%. The composite fibers could form a mesh structure, which could promote the stability of concrete and guarantee the excellent mechanical properties.

Role of matrix structure and flaw size distribution modification on deflection hardening behavior of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites(PVA-ECC)

The multiple cracking and deflection hardening performance of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites(PVA-ECC)under four-point flexural loading have been investigated.Matrices with different binder combinations and W/B ratios(from 0.44 to 0.78)providing satisfactory PVA fiber dispersion were specially designed.Effect of pre-existing flaw size distribution modification on deflection hardening behavior was comparatively studied by adding 3 mm diameter polyethylene beads into the mixtures(6%by total volume).Natural flaw size distributions of composites without beads were determined by cross sectional analysis.The crack number and crack width distributions of specimens after flexural loading were characterized and the possible causes of changes in multiple cracking and deflection hardening behavior by flaw size distribution modification were discussed.Promising results from the view point of deflection hardening behavior were obtained from metakaolin incorporated and flaw size distribution modified PVA-ECCs prepared with W/B=0.53.The dual roles of W/B ratio and superplasticizer content on flaw size distribution,cracking potential and fiber-matrix bond behavior were evaluated.Flaw size distribution modification is found beneficial in terms of ductility improvement at an optimized W/B ratio.

Dynamic Compression Behavior of Ultra-high Performance Cement-based Composite with Hybrid Steel Fiber Reinforcements

Ultra-high performance cement-based composites (UHPCC) is promising in construction of concrete structures that suffer impact and explosive loads.In this study,a reference UHPCC mixture with no fiber reinforcement and four mixtures with a single type of fiber reinforcement or hybrid fiber reinforcements of straight smooth and end hook type of steel fibers were prepared.Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was performed to investigate the dynamic compression behavior of UHPCC and X-CT test and 3D reconstruction technology were used to indicate the failure process of UHPCC under impact loading.Results show that UHPCC with 1% straight smooth fiber and 2% end hook fiber reinforcements demonstrated the best static and dynamic mechanical properties.When the hybrid steel fiber reinforcements are added in the concrete,it may need more impact energy to break the matrix and to pull out the fiber reinforcements,thus,the mixture with hybrid steel fiber reinforcements demonstrates excellent dynamic compressive performance.

Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Ultra-high Performance Fiber Reinforced Concretes

Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes （UHPFRC） were prepared by replacing 60% of cement with ultra-fine industrial waste powder. The dynamic mechanical behaviour of UHPFRC with different fiber volume fraction was researched on repeated compressive impact in four kinds of impact modes through split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB）. The experimental results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus decrease and the strain rate and peak strain increase gradually with the increasing of impact times. The initial material damage increases and the peak stress of the specimen decreases from the second impact with the increasing of the initial incident wave. Standard strength on repeated impact is defined to compare the ability of resistance against repeated impact among different materials. The rate of reduction of standard strength is decreased by fiber reinforcement under repeated impact. The material damage is reduced and the ability of repeated impact resistance of UHPFRC is improved with the increasing of fiber volume fraction.

Uniaxial Compressive Properties of Ultra High Toughness Cementitious Composite

Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to characterize the main compressive performance of ultra high toughness cementitious composite （UHTCC） in terms of strength and toughness and to obtain its stress-strain relationships. The compressive strength investigated ranges from 30 MPa to 60 MPa. Complete stress-strain curves were directly obtained, and the strength indexes, including uniaxial compressive strength, compressive strain at peak stress, elastic modulus and Poisson＇s ratio, were calculated. The comparisons between UHTCC and matrix were also carried out to understand the fiber effect on the compressive strength indexes. Three dimensionless toughness indexes were calculated, which either represent its relative improvement in energy absorption capacity because of fiber addition or provide an indication of its behavior relative to a rigid-plastic material. Moreover, two new toughness indexes, which were named as post-crack deformation energy and equivalent compressive strength, were proposed and calculated with the aim at linking up the compressive toughness of UHTCC with the existing design concept of concrete. The failure mode was also given. The study production provides material characteristics for the practical engineering application of UHTCC.

Behavior of High Performance PVA Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites in Triaxial Compression

Based on an extensive experimental program,the paper studies the behavior of HPFRCC under triaxial compression. The experimental parameters are lateral confining pressure and PVA fiber content by volume. The test results indicate that ultimate strength and peak strain are significantly improved with the increases of confining pressure. The confining effect introduced by the fibers becomes minor in triaxial compression tests,where there is relatively high external confining pressure. The axial stress-strain curves with different confining pressure and different PVA fiber content by volume are obtained. Lateral confining pressure constraints the lateral expansion of HPFRCC,so there is a big plastic deformation with its ultimate strength improved. At lower confining pressure,PVA fiber content by volume has some effect on the decreased section of stress-strain curve. According to test results,the paper establishes formula of confining pressure with ultimate strength and axial peak strain respectively.

Dynamic damage and stress-strain relations of ultra-high performance cementitious composites subjected to repeated impact

Ultra-high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) were prepared by replacing 60% of cement with ultra-fine industrial waste powders.The dynamic damage and compressive stress-strain relations of UHPCC were studied using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).The damage of UHPCC subjected to repeated impact was measured by the ultrasonic pulse velocity method.Results show that the dynamic damage of UHPCC increases linearly with impact times and the abilities of repeated impact resistance of UHPCC are improved with increasing fiber volume fraction.The stress waves on impact were recorded and the average stress,strain and strain rate of UHPCC were calculated based on the wave propagation theory.The effects of strain rate,fibers volume fraction and impact times on the stress-strain relations of UHPCC were studied.Results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus decrease while the strain rate and peak strain increase gradually with increasing impact times.

Influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro performance of UHPFRCC

This study investigates the influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC）, and aims to discover whether it is possible to produce qualified UHPFRCC using different curing regimes. A control mix of UHPFRCC is prepared. The mechanical performance and the short-term durability of the UHPFRCC matrix under three curing regimes are studied. In addition, the microstructures of the UHPFRCC matrix with different curing conditions are analyzed by combining scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. The results explore how different UHPFRCC curing regimes affect its microstructure and how the microstructure affects its macro behavior. Heat and steam curing for 3 d is succeeded to produce the UHPFRCC with nearly the same mechanical properties and durability as those of the 90 d standard curing. However, the heat cured UHPFRCC does not show great resistance to chloride-ion penetration.

Progress in Recycling of Composites with Polycyanurate Matrix

Thermoset based composites are used increasingly in industry for light weight applications, mainly for aircraft, windmills and for automobiles. Fiber reinforced thermoset polymers show a number of advantages over conventional materials, like metals, especially their better performance regarding their strength-to-weight ratio. However, composite recycling is a big issue, as there are almost no established recycling methods. The authors investigate the recyclability of polycyanurate homo- and copolymers with different recycling agents under different conditions. Also the influence of the recycling process on the most important reinforcement fibers, i.e. carbon-, glass-, aramid-, and natural-fiber is investigated. The authors find that: the recycling speed is not only dependent on the temperature, but also is significantly influenced by the particular recycling agents and the polycyanurate formulation. Hence, the stability against the recycling media can be adjusted over a broad range by adjusting the polymer composition. Furthermore, the authors find that the inorganic reinforcement fibers (carbon and glass) are almost unaffected by neither recycling agent at either temperature. Aramid-fibers degrade, depending on the particular recycling agent, from slightly up to extremely strong. This leaves one with the possibility to find a combination of matrix resin and recycling agent, which does not affect the aramid-fiber significantly. In the case of natural fibers, the dependence on the particular recycling media is very strong: some media do not affect the fiber significantly;others reduce the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) significantly, and still others even improve both mechanical properties strongly. From the Recyclate, the authors synthesize and subsequently characterize a number of new polyurethane thermosets (foamed and solid samples) with different contents of recyclate, exhibiting Tg in the range of 60°C to 128°C.

配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料梁柱边节点抗震性能试验研究

改善工程材料韧性和耐久性,提高框架梁柱节点抵抗变形和破坏的能力,是提高框架结构抗震韧性的有效途径之一。采用PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料代替普通混凝土应用到梁柱边节点,考虑轴压比和加密区体积配箍率的影响,设计6个配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料、1个配筋单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料和1个钢筋混凝土梁柱边节点试件进行拟静力试验,分析其破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力、钢筋应变和梁端塑性铰区转角,探讨混杂纤维的加入对梁柱边节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:与钢筋混凝土节点和单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点相比,PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点的承载力高、变形能力大、延性好、耗能能力强,抗震性能显著提升。当试验轴压比从0.12增加到0.24,梁端塑性铰区产生一定的外移,塑性性能发挥更充分,同时试件的变形能力、延性、耗能能力增加。在加密区体积配箍率减小的情况下,试件仍表现出良好的抗震性能。

不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能

为研究不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能,对单掺和复掺碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维的水泥基材料分别进行电通量试验、电镜扫描观测及基本力学性能试验,分析不同纤维尺度、掺量及复合比例对水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能和基本力学性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果给出了多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型。结果表明,不同尺度纤维可在不同结构层次上发挥对水泥基材料的增强作用,使得多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能明显优于单一纤维增强水泥基材料;多纤维复合材料的抗压强度与氯离子侵蚀深度及电通量大致呈反比例关系;当复合材料的抗压强度提高13.6%时,其氯离子侵蚀深度和总电通量则分别降低39.1%和44.7%;建立的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型,可用于多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透和侵蚀性能评估。

麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料声学性能研究

为验证麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料的声学性能,探讨植物纤维改性材料制备某类乐器的可行性,以亚麻、黄麻、苎麻等麻纤维材料为例,制备了几种不同麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂材料,以增强改性环氧树脂材料代替木材制作打击乐器,采用自由振动方法对打击乐器的声学性能进行测试。结果表明:黄麻、苎麻增强改性后的环氧树脂基复合材料声学性能各占优势,与一般的枫木相比力学性能更好,但综合声学性能尚无法达到天然枫木的水平。

浅谈建筑结构加固工艺

我国在基础建设快速发展的阶段,进一步加大了对基础设施建设的投入,从而加快了建筑业的发展,充分发挥国家科技力量的支撑作用,相继修建了各种类型的道路、桥梁、高楼、会展中心、重大水利工程等。由于受到自然灾害、空气影响等,这些建筑的结构往往出现过早老化的情况。据相关统计数据显示,全国城镇需要开展加固工作的民用建筑有30亿平方米,其中亟待修复加固处理的建筑有10亿平方米。如何对这些老旧建筑检测加固,需要进行研究探讨。

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料永久模板叠合RC单向板短期刚度计算方法

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HFRCC)具有良好的受拉韧性和耐久性能,是永久模板的理想材料。首先探究了PVA纤维掺量对HFRCC工作性能和抗折强度的影响,随着PVA纤维掺量增加,HFRCC的工作性能显著减弱,抗折强度先增大再减小,最终选用含有1.5%钢纤维和0.25%PVA纤维的HFRCC来制作永久模板。随后对六个HFRCC永久模板叠合RC单向板和一个RC单向板进行了四点受弯试验,探究了HFRCC-RC界面处理方式和配筋率对叠合板受弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:抹平、等距凹槽和钢钉拉毛三种界面处理方式对叠合板受弯性能的影响可以忽略;HFRCC模板能够有效限制裂缝发展,减小裂缝宽度和间距,叠合板的开裂弯矩相比于普通混凝土板提高了20.1%~31.7%。分别采用刚度解析法和有效惯性矩法建立了HFRCC-RC叠合板短期刚度计算方法,两种方法均有较高的计算精度且离散性较小。

环境吸湿对玻璃纤维增强尼龙66材料性能的影响

通过研究两种玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)[GF增强PA66(A3WG6,巴斯夫),简称复合材料A;自制PA66+30%GF,简称复合材料B]在环境温湿度条件下调节不同时间后的吸湿状态,探讨了不同时间调节后PA复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、拉伸应变、冲击强度及收缩率与调节时间的关系,考察了材料在常温环境下调节时间与材料含水率的关系,同时分析了水分对PA复合材料性能影响的机理。结果表明,在试验范围内,PA复合材料在常温环境中的吸湿率随着调节时间的延长而增加,环境吸湿速率在16 h达到最高,在168 h后趋于平稳。吸湿后的PA复合材料拉伸强度随着调节时间的延长逐渐下降,拉伸应变和拉伸弹性模量变化相对较小,冲击强度则随着调节时间的延长逐渐增大。当PA66复合材料A、B在环境温湿度条件下调节168 h后,材料的含水率分别为0.207%和0.145%,材料的拉伸强度分别下降了14 MPa和15.3 MPa,损失率达到6.9%和7.8%。当PA66复合材料A、B在环境温湿度条件下调节960 h后,材料的含水率分别为0.578%和0.439%,材料的拉伸强度分别下降了38 MPa和35 MPa,损失率分别达到18.6%和18.2%,材料的冲击强度则提高了12.3%和45.7%。PA66复合材料A、B在相同环境温湿度条件下调节不同时间后的物理力学性能、吸湿状态呈相同趋势。

纤维增强复合材料-金属混合连接接头疲劳性能研究进展

纤维增强复合材料由于其优异的力学性能已被广泛应用于各种轻量化场合。通常情况下,复合材料在实际应用中需要和金属等异质材料进行连接,其中混合连接接头相比胶接、传统机械连接具有更优异的力学性能。疲劳寿命是影响纤维增强复合材料-金属混合连接接头服役性能的关键,本文对混合连接接头各部分材料的疲劳性能进行了分析,探讨了混合连接接头疲劳寿命预测方法,分析了影响混合连接接头疲劳性能的重要因素,并对其发展趋势进行了总结和展望。