Structural, Pasting, and Thermal Properties of Ultra-high Pressure-treated Lotus Seed Starch

Lotus seed starch （15%, w/w） was subjected to ultra-high pressure （UHP） at 500 MPa for 10～60 min. The effects of UHP on the structural, pasting, and thermal properties of starch were investigated using solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, HPSEC-MALLS-RI, and a rapid visco analyzer. The 13C CP/MAS NMR results revealed a reduction in the relative crystallinity and peak intensity of the crystalline state with increasing the UHP time. The molecular weight of native starch was 1.433 × 107 Da, which was higher than that of the UHP-treated starch. Viscograms of UHP-treated starch revealed an increase in paste viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperature and a reduction in breakdown and setback viscosity compared to the native starch. Furthermore, the DSC results showed a reduction in gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy with increasing the UHP time.

Comparative study on pressure swing adsorption system for industrial hydrogen and fuel cell hydrogen

In order to improve the design of PSA system for fuel cell hydrogen production,a non-isothermal model of eight-bed PSA hydrogen process with five-component(H_(2)/N_(2)/CH_(4)/CO/CO_(2)=74.59%/0.01%/4.2%/2.5%/18.7%(vol))four-stage pressure equalization was developed in this article.The model adopts a composite adsorption bed of activated carbon and zeolite 5 A.In this article,pressure variation,temperature field and separation performance are stimulated,and also effect of providing purge(PP)differential pressure and the ratio of activated carbon to zeolite 5 A on separation performance in the process of producing industrial hydrogen(CO content in hydrogen is 10μl·L^(-1))and fuel cell hydrogen(CO content is 0.2μl·L^(-1))are compared.The results show that Run 3,when the CO content in hydrogen is 10μl·L^(-1),the hydrogen recovery is 89.8%,and the average flow rate of feed gas is 0.529 mol·s^(-1);When the CO content in hydrogen is 0.2μl·L^(-1),the hydrogen recovery is 85.2%,and the average flow rate of feed gas is 0.43 mol·s^(-1).With the increase of PP differential pressure,hydrogen recovery first increases and then decreases,reaching the maximum when PP differential pressure is 0.263 MPa;With the decrease of the ratio of activated carbon to zeolite 5 A,the hydrogen recovery increases gradually.When the CO content in hydrogen is 0.2μl·L^(-1) the hydrogen recovery increases more obviously,from 83.96%to 86.37%,until the ratio of activated carbon to zeolite 5 A decreases to 1.At the end of PP step,no large amount of CO_(2) in gas or solid phase enters the zeolite 5 A adsorption bed,while when the CO content in hydrogen is 10μl·L^(-1),and the ratio of carbon to zeolite 5 A is less than 1.4,more CO_(2) will enter the zeolite 5 A bed.

Applications of Microfluidization and High Pressure Processing in Food Industry and the Effect of Them on Food Products

With the development of technology, several new processing techniques are being introduced for the food industry. By applying those novel techniques to food systems, it has been found that the structural and functional properties of food could be altered. Microfluidization which is also known as high pressure homogenization is one of the novel technologies that could be applied in food industry to obtain many beneficial outcomes. High pressure processing is another novel technique that is mainly playing the microbicidal effect. This work is concerned on the possibility of using microfluidization and high pressure processing in food industry based on the experimental findings. These techniques could be used as useful tools in the field of food science and technology.

Effects of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure on foaming and physical-chemistry properties of egg white

The influences of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure treatment on foaming and physical properties (solubility, hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content) of egg white were investigated. A pressure range of 0-500 MPa, time range of 0-20 min and pH range of 7.5-8.5 were selected. The foaming property of egg white is improved by 350Mpa and 10min. The treatment resulted in in- crease of sulfhydryl content of egg white, while solubility and hydrophobicity were significantly decreased.

Analysis on performance and test of a new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint

Analysis as well as application of ultra-high pressure hydraulic system and elements has become a trend. The structure and operation principle of a new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint is introduced. The structure of the new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint is simple and is easy to be produced. The finite element model on two working conditions( preload condition with 30 N·m torque and static-loading condition with 70 MPa pressure) is built and computed. The width of contact area,the equivalent stress status,as well as the contact pressure status are plotted and analyzed. According to the national standard,test on air-tightness,blasting,and cyclic endurance is conducted and the results show that the new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint has the sealability for ultra-high pressure up to 70 MPa,and the DN6 ultra-high pressure pipe joint can provide effective seal under70 MPa fluid pressure. The research can provide a thinking and method on designing ultra-high pressure pipe joint and push forward the development of ultra-high pressure hydraulic system.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hairtail Surimi in an Ultra-High Pressure Bioreactor

Amino acids have been extracted from Hairtail surimi using enzymes in an ultra-high pressure bioreactor. The extraction efficiency of different enzymes including papain, trypsin, and proteases (acid, neutral, alkaline) also has been evaluated, and it has been discovered that neutral protease behaved the best. The amino acids were analyzed using automatic amino acid analyzer, and the enzymatic digestion conditions were optimized. For neutral protease, the optimal condition was 50℃, 250 MPa, pH 7.0. Material to liquid ratio of enzyme is 6%. More than 29 amino acids were detected after 24 hours of hydrolysis;the enzymatic hydrolysis rate can reach 83.29%. The results show that enzymatic digestion under ultra-high-pressure provides a very promising approach to extract amino acids from Hairtail surimi.

Development and Installation of High Pressure Boilers for Co-Generation Plant in Sugar Industries

The sugar cane containing minimum 30% fiber was referred as bagasse and used the generation of power required for the operation of sugar mill. The bagasse is fired in the boiler for producing steam at high pressure, which is extracted through various single high capacity turbines and used in the process. The installation of high pressure boilers and high pressure turbo-generators has provision for the operation of co-generation plant during the off-season also that enhances the power generation from 9MW to 23MW. The annual monetary benefits achieved are Rs. 204.13 million and this was based on cost of power sold to the grid @ Rs 2.548 per unit, sugar season of 219 days and off season of 52 days. This required an investment of Rs 820.6 million. The investment had an attractive simple payback period of 48 months.

THERMAL MODELLING OF COLLISIONAL OROGENY: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ULTRA-HIGH PRESSURE METAMORPHISM

The petrological research on the ultra high pressure metamorphism (UHP) of collisional orogen indicates that the upper crustal rocks is subducted to depths exceeding 100 km, and returned to the surface rapidly. In this study, we investigate the thermal structure of collisional orogen as a slab of continental lithosphere being subducted beneath an overriding wedge of continental lithosphere by the 2 D finite element method. The advection heat transfer due to the accretion of orogenic wedge is considered. The wedge is composed of the upper crust materials through the accretion from the down going plate to the upper plate. For identifying the significance of the geometric and/or kinetic factors on the thermal structure of continental subduction, the different combinations of parameters, including dip angle of subduction zone, accretion or erosion rates, and the convergence velocity etc., are used in modelling. The time span of continental subduction in our calculation is less than 30 Ma, according to the short duration of ultra deep subduction of continental slab suggested by the preservation of metastable pre peak low pressure mineralogy assemblage in the garnet of UHP rocks. Therefore, the steep dip angle of down going plate and/or low rate of accretion favour the ultra deep subduction of upper crust materials, especially for the slower down going slab. Meanwhile, taking the erosion rate as the level of exhumation rate of UHP rocks in some orogens (i.e., 1-2 km/Ma or more) does not result in the anatexis melting of crust of the overriding plate, due to the cooling effect of the rapid down going slab. However, the temperature structures of all models are generally cooler than those recovered by thermobarometric studies of the UHP rocks. This implies the significant increase of temperature after the rapid subduction of continental slab. Following the method of Davies and von Blackenburg (1998), we show that the slab breakoff can occur at the depth exceeding 100 km. Thermal modelling on the post subduction stage shows the heating related to the plate breakoff can cause the higher temperature recorded by the exhumed UHP rocks. The higher geotherm during post subduction stage leads to the weak strength of the orogenic wedge, and favours the faster upward movement of the UHP rock slices as ductile agents. The lower temperature gradient of the subduction slab predicted by modelling suggests the cold subducting slab could have transported significant fluids to mantle depth, not released during subduction. Accordingly, the absence of coeval calc alkalic magmatism in UHP orogens might resulted from the lower temperature as well as the fluid free circumstance, both are related to the rapid subduction of cold plate. Therefore, shear heating is not needed for explanation the thermal evolution of UHP orogen. On the other hand, the post collisional or late stage granitic plutonism is closely related to the deep seated heat producing materials of the accretion wedge.

Cyclic Pulsating Pressure Enhanced Segregating Structuration of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Graphene Composites as High-performance Light-Weight EMI Shields

Currently,the enhancement in electromagnetic interference(EMI)performance of polymeric composite generally relies on either improving electrical conductivity(σ)for stronger electromagnetic(EM)reflections or tailoring structure for higher EM resonances.Herein,we proposed a novel technique called cyclic pulsating pressure enhanced segregating structuration(CPP-SS),which can reinforce these two factors simultaneously.The structural information was supplied by optical microscopy(OM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),both of which confirmed the formation and evolution of segregate structured ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)/graphene composites.Then,the result showed that CPP-SS can significantly improve theσof samples.Ultimately,advanced specific EMI shielding efficiency of 31.1 d B/mm was achieved for UHMWPE/graphene composite at 1-mm thickness and a low graphene loading of 5 wt%.Meanwhile,it also confirmed that the intrinsic disadvantage of poor mechanical properties of conventional segregated structure composites can be surpassed.This work is believed to provide a fundamental understanding of the structural and performance evolutions of segregated structured composites prepared under CPPSS,and to bring us a simple and efficient approach for fabricating high-performance,strong and light-weight polymeric EMI shields.

Polyarylacetylene as a novel graphitizable precursor for fabricating high-density C/C composite via ultra-high pressure impregnation and carbonization

High-density carbon/carbon(C/C)composite plays a critical role in the aerospace industry owing to excellent mechanical properties and resistance to ablation.However,traditional manufacturing relies on pitch precursor and hot isostatic pressure impregnation and carbonization(HIPIC)technology,which is time-consuming and expensive.In this study,we report an innovative method utilizing polyarylacetylene(PAA)resin and ultra-high pressure impregnation and carbonization(UHPIC)technology.The extremely high char yield of PAA resin(85 wt.%)and high isotropic pressure of UHPIC(over 200 MPa)promote the densification of the composite.As a result,we achieve a high-density(1.90 g/cm^(3))C/C composite with a high degree of graphitization(81%).This composite exhibits impressive properties,including flexural strength of 146 MPa,compressive strength of 187 MPa,and thermal conductivity of 147 W/(m K).When exposed to oxyacetylene flame at 3000 K for 100 s,it displays minimal linear ablation,with a rate of 1.27×10^(-2)mm/s.This study demonstrates the exceptional graphitizable characteristic of PAA resin,setting it apart from conventional resins.Our time-saving and cost-effective approach holds significant promise for aerospace applications,particularly in harsh aerodynamic heating environments.

Application of High-pressure Flat Membranes in Coal Chemical Wastewater Treatment

In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the conditions of different concentrations of influent TDS,COD and silicon dioxide.The results showed that when the concentration of influent TDS was 35 000-55 000 mg/L,the economic benefit of high-pressure flat membrane operation was the best,and the concentration ratio of high-pressure flat membranes was stable,varying from 3.3 to 3.6.As the concentration of influent organic matter ranged from 100 to 1 800 mg/L,the removal rate of organic matter ranged from 60% to 79%.In addition,the retention rate of high-pressure flat membranes to silicon dioxide was more than 90%.

Benefits of China’s home textile industry increase YoY in H1 of 2023

In the first half of this year,the international situation was complex and volatile,and the growth of global trade in goods was lower than expected.The consumption power is insufficient,the market vitality needs to be further developed,and the domestic and foreign trade of China’s home textile industry is generally under pressure.

环境目标约束对地方政府清洁生产型行业土地出让的影响

土地资源配置对产业发展具有重要的引导和支撑作用,优化配置工业用地对中国实现发展方式绿色转型发挥着重要的基础性作用。该研究从环境政策与地方领导干部政绩考核相结合的视角,以2007—2020年中国280个地级市的面板数据作为研究样本,分别采用固定效应模型、工具变量法、中介效应模型实证检验了环境目标约束对地方政府清洁生产型行业土地出让的影响及其作用机制,并进一步采用调节效应模型分析了地方政府面临的经济增长压力和财政压力所发挥的调节作用。研究结果表明:①环境目标约束能够显著促进地方政府增加清洁生产型行业土地出让,该结果在经过内生性处理和多种稳健性检验后依然成立。从土地供应政策、产业结构和领导干部特征差异性视角来看,分别在土地供给充裕、工业主导、在任市长非本地来源、在任市长年龄≤55岁的城市,环境目标约束对地方政府增加清洁生产型行业土地出让的促进作用显著。②机制分析发现,环境目标约束会促使地方政府通过提升环境规制强度、加大环境治理监管力度等途径增加清洁生产型行业土地出让。③进一步研究发现,地方政府面临的经济增长压力会削弱环境目标约束对其清洁生产型行业土地出让的促进作用,而财政压力则与环境目标约束的促进作用具有协同作用。以上结论表明中央实施的环境目标“硬约束”政策已促使地方政府在工业用地出让时向绿色产业偏向性配置,为中国实现环境污染治理和资源优化配置的“双赢”提供了重要的现实证据。

汽车制造业绿色供应链管理对环境绩效的影响研究

从绿色供应链管理和大数据分析能力视角探讨制度压力对企业环境绩效的影响机理,揭示绿色供应链管理和大数据分析能力在企业环境绩效形成过程的作用。研究结果表明:制度压力对绿色供应链管理实施与大数据分析能力有显著影响;绿色供应链管理与大数据分析能力对企业环境绩效提升有显著影响;大数据分析能力对企业绿色供应链管理实施有显著影响;在制度压力对环境绩效的影响中,大数据分析能力与绿色供应链管理存在部分中介效应。研究结果能够为汽车制造企业重视大数据分析能力建设和绿色供应链管理实践,提高环境绩效提供一定的参考价值。

强制压力下组织结构对建筑管理团队安全氛围的影响

为了从组织层面探究提升安全氛围的策略,基于组织理论和制度理论提出了以组织结构(正规化、专业化、集权化)为自变量、强制压力为调节变量、安全氛围为因变量的理论模型,以建筑行业管理人员为样本收集有效问卷266份,采用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling,PLS-SEM)进行理论模型的验证。结果表明:正规化、专业化正向影响安全氛围;集权化对安全氛围的影响不显著;强制压力正向调节正规化、专业化对安全氛围的影响。研究为建筑企业从组织层面以及政府、行业协会从制度环境角度提高安全氛围提供了理论依据。

地方政府债务、异质性环境规制与绿色技术创新——基于247个城市的面板数据分析

本文基于2011~2021年我国247个地级及以上城市的面板数据,实证检验了地方政府债务对绿色技术创新的影响,并探索了异质性环境规制在其中起到的中介效应。研究发现:(1)地方政府债务对绿色技术创新存在总体的促进作用;(2)从机制来看,地方政府债务通过削弱指导性环境规制、增强处罚性环境规制倒逼企业等主体促进绿色技术创新;(3)产业结构升级以及数字经济水平均对地方政府债务影响绿色技术创新存在正向的调节效应。

高压辊磨机碎磨新工艺国内外研究及应用现状

高压辊磨机作为国内外选矿领域“多碎少磨”设备和选择性粉碎设备应用的主流,在选矿行业中的应用较为成熟,由于其具备单次处理矿石量大、粉碎效率高、且其粉碎产品粒度细的优点,因此被金属与非金属行业所广泛应用。对高压辊磨机的工作原理及粉碎过程进行了简要介绍,结合实际案例对高压辊磨机三种破碎工艺在矿山中的应用及优缺点进行了分析;对高压辊磨机在选矿行业的典型应用进行了介绍;对高压辊磨机新工艺在国内外的应用进行了重点阐述并就新工艺在选矿行业中的应用进行了展望,高压辊磨机联合搅拌磨/塔磨机工艺、高压辊磨机联合风力分级机工艺、两段高压辊磨机串联工艺、两高压辊磨并联工艺以及高压辊接双层振动筛节能降耗优势明显,有望为物料高效粉碎提供新的方案。

不同尺度下水-能-碳系统空间关联关系分析

为应对气候变化和资源短缺压力的影响,研究水资源、能源和碳排放之间的关联关系,对促进“资源-环境-社会”的协调发展和推进绿色可持续发展进程具有重要意义。本文采用多区域投入产出模型,从三个尺度分析中国水-能-碳系统的变化情况和关联关系,结果表明:中国水资源、能源和碳排放空间转移的重心均位于东部地区,省际间水足迹、能源足迹和碳足迹贸易在产业关联路径的流量不断缩减,国际贸易水足迹的增加不利于改善中国水资源空间分布不均衡的情况;中国的30个省份水生产部门每万元产值的完全能源消耗量保持在较为稳定的低水平,完全用能效率高于直接用能效率,每万元产出的完全碳排放量高于直接碳排放量的情况居多,绝大多数省份直接和完全碳排放效率较高;五个能源生产部门每万元产出直接用水量、完全用水量和碳排放量均呈下降趋势,电力、热力的生产和供应业始终是直接和完全用水量与碳排放量最高的部门,且直接用水与碳排放量高于完全用水和碳排放量。

环境规制强度对绿色创新效率的影响——基于财政压力的调节效应

运用三阶段SBM—DEA模型测算2009—2020年中国30个省份绿色创新效率,采用探索性空间分析方法探究了绿色创新效率空间相关性。通过空间杜宾模型和调节效应模型探究环境规制强度、财政压力和绿色创新效率间关系。研究表明,绿色创新具有空间正相关性,高—高集聚主要在东部沿海地区和中部生态环境良好地区的省份,低—低集聚主要在西部地区省份;环境规制强度能显著提升绿色创新效率,验证了波特假说;而财政压力却抑制了环境规制强度对绿色创新效率的促进作用。未来应加大环境规制强度,建立收支分权相适应的财政制度,均衡提升地区绿色创新效率。

Grain-refining fabrication of nanocrystalline(La_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)high-entropy ceramics by ultra-high pressure sintering

As an important A_(2)B_(2)O_(7)-type ceramic,(La_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)high-entropy pyrochlore pos-sesses promising properties such as high melting point,high chemical durability,and low thermal conductivity.However,the low sintering ability limits its application in thermal barrier coating and radioactive waste immobilization.It usually needs long-term high-temperature soaking to achieve full density,but with inevitable grain growth.In this work,dense and grain-refined nanocrystalline(La_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)ceramics were prepared with ultra-high pressure sintering(UHPS)method under 10 GPa at a low temperature of 800℃.The densification behavior,microstructure evo-lution,and properties of the UHPS-ed samples were then investigated.The grain size of as-prepared(La_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)ceramic was only 151 nm,which is 40%smaller than that of raw pow-der.In addition,it exhibited advantageous properties including both high hardness and aqueous durabil-ity.Plastic deformation under ultra-high pressure was believed as the dominant densification mechanism responsible for grain refinement and property improvement.