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Ultra-high Temperature Ceramic Coatings:A Review on Preparation Technology and Development Prospect
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作者 LIU Shijie WANG Li +7 位作者 DONG Binbin XU Biao GUO Yusen MIN Yongchao GUO Yanyan WEI Haoyu ZHANG Keke YIN Chaofan 《China's Refractories》 CAS 2023年第3期42-49,共8页
Ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings have ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties and high temperature ablation resistance.These unique performance combinations turn it into a promising material f... Ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings have ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties and high temperature ablation resistance.These unique performance combinations turn it into a promising material for use in extreme environment structures in rockets and hypersonic vehicles,particularly nozzles,leading edges and engine components.In this paper,various preparation methods of ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings were reviewed,including plasma spraying,chemical vapor deposition,pack cementation,slurry sintering,hot pressing and their research progress.Meanwhile,some new preparation methods of high temperature coatings,such as ion beam deposition,ultrasonic spraying,metal organic frame work coating,and magnetron sputtering,were introduced.The development trend of ultra-high temperature coatings was prospected as well. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-high temperature coating preparation process development prospect
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Ambient air temperature effects on the temperature of sewage sludge composting process
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作者 HUANG Qi-fei CHEN Tong-bin +1 位作者 GAO Ding HUANG Ze-chun 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第6期1004-1007,共4页
Using data obtained with a full-scale sewage sludge composting facility, this paper studied the effects of ambient air temperature on the composting temperature with varying volume ratios of sewage sludge and recycled... Using data obtained with a full-scale sewage sludge composting facility, this paper studied the effects of ambient air temperature on the composting temperature with varying volume ratios of sewage sludge and recycled compost to bulking agent. Two volume ratios were examined experimentally, 1 : 0 : 1 and 3 : 1 : 2. The results show that composting temperature was influenced by ambient air temperature and the influence was more significant when composting was in the temperature rising process: composting temperature changed 2.4-6.5℃ when ambient air temperature changed 13℃. On the other hand, the influence was not significant when composting was in the high-temperature and/or temperature falling process: composting temperature changed 0.75-1.3℃ when ambient air temperature changed 8-15℃. Hysteresis effect was observed in composting temperature's responses to ambient air temperature. When the ventilation capability of pile was excellent(at a volume ratio of 1:0:1), the hysteresis time was short and ranging 1.1-1.2 h. On the contrary, when the proportion of added bulking agent was low, therefore less porosity in the substrate(at a volume ratio of 3:1:2), the hysteresis time was IonQ and ranging 1.9-3.1 h. 展开更多
关键词 sewage sludge composting ambient air temperature HYSTERESIS
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DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al ALLOY 被引量:14
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作者 P.Guan X.P.Guo +3 位作者 X.Ding J.Zhang L.M.Gao K. Kusabiraki 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2004年第4期450-454,共5页
The directionally solidified samples of an ultra-high temperature Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al alloy have been prepared with the use of an electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) furnace, and their microstructural characteri... The directionally solidified samples of an ultra-high temperature Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al alloy have been prepared with the use of an electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) furnace, and their microstructural characteristics have been analyzed. All the primary dendrites of Nb solid solution (Nbss), eutectic colonies of Nba, plus (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 and chains of (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates align along the growth direction of the samples. With increasing of the withdrawing rate, the microstructure is refined, and the amounts of Nbss+ (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 eutectic colonies and (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates increase. There appear nodes in the (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-high temperature alloy Nb-Si based alloy in situ composite unidirectional solidification microstructural evolution
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SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCTION HEATING AND VERIFICATION 被引量:2
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作者 李奇林 徐九华 苏宏华 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2013年第2期155-161,共7页
An experimental and numerical study on the temperature field induced in the ultra-high frequency induction heating is carried out.With an aim of predicting the thermal history of the workpiece,the influence factors of... An experimental and numerical study on the temperature field induced in the ultra-high frequency induction heating is carried out.With an aim of predicting the thermal history of the workpiece,the influence factors of temperature field,such as the induction frequency,the dimension of coil and the gap between coil and workpiece,are investigated considering temperature-dependent material properties by using FLUX 2Dsoftware.The temperature field characteristic in ultra-high induction heating is obtained and discussed.The numerical values are compared with the experimental results.A good agreement between them is observed with 7.9% errors. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-high frequency induction heating temperature field FLUX 2Dsoftware
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The temperature-dependent fracture strength model for ultra-high temperature ceramics 被引量:12
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作者 Weiguo Li Fan Yang Daining Fang 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第2期235-239,共5页
Breaking down the entire structure of a material implies severing all the bonds between its atoms either by applying work or by heat transfer. Because bond-breaking is indifferent to either means, there is a kind of e... Breaking down the entire structure of a material implies severing all the bonds between its atoms either by applying work or by heat transfer. Because bond-breaking is indifferent to either means, there is a kind of equivalence between heat energy and strain energy. Based on this equivalence, we assume the existence of a constant maximum storage of energy that includes both the strain energy and the corresponding equivalent heat energy. A temperaturedependent fracture strength model is then developed for ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs). Model predictions for UHTCs, HfB2, TiC and ZrB2, are presented and compared with the experimental results. These predictions are found to be largely consistent with experimental results. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-high temperature ceramics · Equivalent energy · Critical failure energy · Strength model
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Fabrication and Thermal Structural Characteristics of Ultra-high Temperature Ceramic Struts in Scramjets 被引量:2
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作者 解维华 PENG Zujun +2 位作者 金华 孟松鹤 PAN Yu 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2018年第2期375-380,共6页
ZrB_2-SiC based ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC) struts were firstly proposed and fabricated with the potential application in the combustor of scramjets for fuel injection and flame-holding for their machinabil... ZrB_2-SiC based ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC) struts were firstly proposed and fabricated with the potential application in the combustor of scramjets for fuel injection and flame-holding for their machinability and excellent oxidation/ablation resistance in the extreme harsh environment. The struts were machined with electrospark wire-electrode cutting techniques to form UHTC into the desired shape, and with laser drilling to drill tiny holes providing the channels for fuel injection. The integrated thermal-structural characteristic of the struts was evaluated in high-temperature combustion environment by the propane-oxygen free jet facility, subject to the heat flux of 1.5 MW/m^2 lasting for 300 seconds, and the struts maintained integrity during and after the first experiment. The experiments were repeated for verifying the reusability of the struts. Fracture occurred during the second repeated experiment with the crack propagating through the hole. Finite element analysis(FEA) was carried out to study the thermal stress distribution in the UHTC strut. The simulation results show a high thermal stress concentration occurs at the hole which is the crack initiation position. The phenomenon is in good agreement with the experimental results. The study shows that the thermal stress concentration is a practical key issue in the applications of the reusable UHTC strut for fuel injection structure in scramjets. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC) strut thermal stress fracture scramjet
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Enhanced organic degradation and microbial community cooperation by inoculating Bacillus licheniformis in low temperature composting
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作者 Jing Su Kaiyun Zhou +11 位作者 Wenjie Chen Shaoqi Xu Ziwei Feng Yuan Chang Xiaoyan Ding Yi Zheng Xingling Tao Ake Zhang Yue Wang Ji Li Guochun Ding Yuquan Wei 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期189-200,共12页
Microbial activity and interaction are the important driving factors in the start-up phase of food waste composting at low temperature.The aim of this study was to explore the effect of inoculating Bacillus lichenifor... Microbial activity and interaction are the important driving factors in the start-up phase of food waste composting at low temperature.The aim of this study was to explore the effect of inoculating Bacillus licheniformis on the degradation of organic components and the potential microbe-driven mechanism from the aspects of organic matter degradation,enzyme activity,microbial community interaction,and microbial metabolic function.The results showed that after inoculating B.licheniformis,temperature increased to 47.8℃ on day2,and the degradation of readily degraded carbohydrates(RDC)increased by 31.2%,and the bioheat production increased by 16.5%.There was an obvious enhancement of extracellular enzymes activities after inoculation,especially amylase activity,which increased by 7.68 times on day 4.The inoculated B.licheniformis colonized in composting as key genus in the start-up phase.Modular network analysis and Mantel test indicated that inoculation drove the cooperation between microbial network modules who were responsible for various organic components(RDC,lipid,protein,and lignocellulose)degradation in the start-up phase.Metabolic function prediction suggested that carbohydrate metabolisms including starch and sucrose metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,pyruvate metabolism,etc.,were improved by increasing the abundance of related functional genes after inoculation.In conclusion,inoculating B.licheniformis accelerated organic degradation by driving the cooperation between microbial network modules and enhancing microbial metabolism in the start-up phase of composting. 展开更多
关键词 Microbial agent Organic matter degradation Microbial interaction Food waste Low temperature composting
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Rapid Directional Solidification with Ultra-High Temperature Gradient and Cellular Spacing Selection of Cu-Mn Alloy
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作者 SenYANG YunpengSU +2 位作者 WenjinLIU WeidongHUANG YaoheZHOU 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第3期225-228,共4页
The detailed laser surface remelting experiments of Cu-31.4 wt pct Mn and Cu-26.6 wt pct Mn alloys on a 5 kW CO2 laser were carried out to study the effects of processing parameters (scanning velocity, output power of... The detailed laser surface remelting experiments of Cu-31.4 wt pct Mn and Cu-26.6 wt pct Mn alloys on a 5 kW CO2 laser were carried out to study the effects of processing parameters (scanning velocity, output power of laser) on the growth direction of microstructure in the molten pool and cellular spacing selection under the condition of ultra-high temperature gradient and rapid directional solidification. The experimental results show that the growth direction of microstructure is strongly affected by laser processing parameters. The ultra-high temperature gradient directional solidification can be realized on the surface of samples during laser surface remelting by controlling laser processing parameters, the temperature gradient and growth velocity can reach 106 K/m and 24.1 mm/s, respectively, and the solidification microstructure in the center of the molten pool grows along the laser beam scanning direction. There exists a distribution range of cellular spacings under the laser rapid solidification conditions, and the average spacing decreases with increasing of growth rate. The maximum, λmax, minimum, λmin, and average primary spacing, A, as functions of growth rate, Vb, can be given by,λmax=12.54Vb-0.61, λmin=4.47 Vb-0.52, λ=9.09Vb-0.62, respectively. The experimental results are compared with the current Hunt-Lu model for rapid cellular/dendritic growth, and a good agreement is found. 展开更多
关键词 Laser surface remelting ultra-high temperature gradient Cellular spacing Cu-Mn alloys
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Temperature Effect on the Conformation Transition of Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends Undergoing Continuous Volume Extensional Flow:A Mesoscopic Simulation
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作者 王军霞 YAN Shilin 余丁山 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2022年第3期540-545,共6页
Due to the multiformity and complexity of chain conformation under external flow and the challenge of systematically investigating the transient conformation and dynamic evolution process of polymer chains at the mole... Due to the multiformity and complexity of chain conformation under external flow and the challenge of systematically investigating the transient conformation and dynamic evolution process of polymer chains at the molecular level by means of present experimental techniques,a universal description of both chain conformation and dynamics with respect to continuous volume extensional flow(CVEF)is still absent.Taking into account the temperature effect,we performed dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)simulations with the particles corresponding to the repeat units of polymers over a wide temperature range and analyzed the correlation with the conformational properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene(UHMWPE/PP)blend in response to the CVEF.With time evolution,the polymer chains become highly oriented parallel to the flow direction instead of the initial random coiling and self-aggregation.It is found that a high temperature is necessary for more substantial compactness to take place than low temperature.The low-k plateau and low-k peak in structure factor S(k)curves suggest a low degree of conformational diversity and a high degree of chain stretching.It is also concluded that the intra-molecular C-C bond interaction is the main driving force for the dynamics process of the chain conformations undergoing CVEF,where the motion of the alkyl chains is seriously restricted owing to the increase in bond interaction potential,resulting in a reduction of the difference in diffusion rates among alkyl chains. 展开更多
关键词 temperature effect dissipative particle dynamics ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene POLYPROPYLENE volume extensional flow chain conformation BLENDS
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Effects of mechanical boundary conditions on thermal shock resistance of ultra-high temperature ceramics
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作者 Tianbao CHENG Weiguo LI +2 位作者 Yushan SHI Wei LU Daining FANG 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI CSCD 2015年第2期201-210,共10页
The effects of mechanical boundary conditions, often encountered in thermalstructural engineering, on the thermal shock resistance(TSR) of ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs) are studied by investigating the TS... The effects of mechanical boundary conditions, often encountered in thermalstructural engineering, on the thermal shock resistance(TSR) of ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs) are studied by investigating the TSR of a UHTC plate with various types of constraints under the first, second, and third type of thermal boundary conditions. The TSR of UHTCs is strongly dependent on the heat transfer modes and severity of the thermal environments. Constraining the displacement of the lower surface in the thickness direction can significantly decrease the TSR of the UHTC plate, which is subject to the thermal shock at the upper surface. In contrast, the TSR of the UHTC plate with simply supported edges or clamped edges around the lower surface is much better. 展开更多
关键词 thermal shock resistance(TSR) ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC) mechanical boundary condition temperature-dependent material property thermal environment
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Porous Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics for Ultra-high Temperature Thermal Protection System
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作者 LI Fei LIU Jixuan ZHANG Guojun 《China's Refractories》 CAS 2020年第4期23-28,共6页
Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are a family of borides,carbides and nitrides of transition elements such as hafnium,zirconium,tantalum and niobium.They exhibit the highest known melting points,good mechanical s... Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are a family of borides,carbides and nitrides of transition elements such as hafnium,zirconium,tantalum and niobium.They exhibit the highest known melting points,good mechanical strength,good chemical and thermal stability under certain conditions.In last decade,researchers dedicated to characterize porous UHTCs aiming to develop novel thermal insulating materials that could withstand temperatures over 2000℃.In this article,the preparation and characteristics of porous UHTCs were reviewed.Dry processing,colloidal processing and solution processing routes have been used to prepare porous UHTCs with porosities ranging from 5%to 97%and pore sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers.The obtained porous UHTCs are chemically and dimensionally stable at temperatures up to 2000℃ during static state high-temperature thermal aging. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-high temperature ceramics porous ceramics thermal protection system extreme environments
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“Low Creep Ultra-high Temperature Corundum Mullite Kiln Furnature” Developed by Sinosteel LIRR Rewarded as “National New Product”
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《China's Refractories》 CAS 2012年第4期12-12,共1页
Recently, " Low Creep Ultra-high Temperature Corundum Mullite Kiln Fumature" developed by Sinosteel L1RR was listed in The National New Product Program in 2012 of The Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
关键词 high Low Creep ultra-high temperature Corundum Mullite Kiln Furnature
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Ultra-High Temperature Gratings
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作者 John Canning Somnath Bandyopadhyay +1 位作者 Michael Stevenson Kevin Cook 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China》 2008年第4期420-422,共3页
Regenerated gratings seeded by type-I gratings are shown to withstand temperatures beyond 1000 ℃. The method of regeneration offers a new approach to increasing temperature resistance of stable fibre Bragg and other ... Regenerated gratings seeded by type-I gratings are shown to withstand temperatures beyond 1000 ℃. The method of regeneration offers a new approach to increasing temperature resistance of stable fibre Bragg and other gratings. These ultra-high temperature (UHT) gratings extend the applicability of silicate based components to high temperature applications such as monitoring of smelters and vehicle and aircraft engines to high power fibre lasers. 展开更多
关键词 ANNEALING Bragg gratings regenerated gratings temperature sensing ultra-high temperature.
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Effects of Low Temperature-tolerant Microbial Inoculants from Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Turf Storage in Winter
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作者 Rui WANG Xingxing GAO +1 位作者 Shulan ZHAO Li'an DUO 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2015年第6期23-25,30,共4页
Beneficial microorganisms were extracted from municipal solid waste compost and treated under low temperature stress to prepare complex microbial inoc- ulants. Turfgrass was inoculated with the prepared microbial inoc... Beneficial microorganisms were extracted from municipal solid waste compost and treated under low temperature stress to prepare complex microbial inoc- ulants. Turfgrass was inoculated with the prepared microbial inoculants to investigate the ecological effect of ~crobial inoculants on turf storage in winter. The re- suits showed that complex low temperature tolerant microbial inoculants significandy improved plant height and aboveground biomass of turfgrass. Compared with the non-inoculated control, plant height and biomass of the first batch of inoculated turfgrass were enhanced by 6.47% and 14.32%, respectively; and they were en- hanced by 6.94% and 17.41%, respectively, for the second batch of inoculated turfgrass. Under low temperature stress in winter, the reviving rate of inoculated tarfgrass was significandy higher than that of control, which was improved by 3.34% and 43.33% for the first and second batches of inoculated turfgrass respective- ly. After low temperature storage in winter, inoculated turfgrass revived in advance; specifically, the reviving date of the second batch of inoculated turfgrass was 3 d earlier than that of control. This low temperature tolerant microbial consortium was effective for turfgrass as an ecofriendly and acceptable technology to improve plant performance and development in winter and accelerate time to market of turf. 展开更多
关键词 Municipal solid waste compost Low temperature-tolerant microbial inoculants Festuca arundinacea L. Turf storage in winter
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High speed laser cladding as a new approach to prepare ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings
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作者 Qiyao Deng Pengfei He +8 位作者 Chuan Sun Yang Li Yue Xing Yujie Wang Jinglong Li Xiubing Liang Xin Wang Yujie Zhou Yujun Cai 《Journal of Advanced Ceramics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期143-154,共12页
Ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC)coatings are used to protect the hot-end components of hypervelocity aerocrafts from thermal ablation.This study provides a new approach to fabricate UHTC coatings with high speed l... Ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC)coatings are used to protect the hot-end components of hypervelocity aerocrafts from thermal ablation.This study provides a new approach to fabricate UHTC coatings with high speed laser cladding(HSLC)technology,and places more emphasis on investigating the formation mechanism,phase compositions,and mechanical properties of HSLC-UHTC coatings.Results show that a well-bonded interface between the coating and the tantalum alloy substrate can be formed.The coating is mainly composed of(Zr,Ta)C ceramic solid solution phase with a content of higher than 90% by volume and Ta(W)metal solid solution phase.At a relatively high powder feeding rate,the ZrC ceramic phase appears in the coating while a dense ZrC UHTC top layer with a thickness of up to~50μm is successfully fabricated.As for the mechanical properties of the HSLC coatings,the fracture toughness of the coating decreases with the increase of powder feeding rate.The increase of carbide solid solution phase can significantly improve the high temperature microhardness(552.7±1.8 HV0.5@1000℃).The innovative design of HSLC ZrC-based coatings on refractory alloys accomplishes continuous transitions on microstructure and properties from the substrate to the UHTC top layer,which is a very promising candidate scheme for thermal protection coating. 展开更多
关键词 high speed laser cladding(HSLC) ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC) thermal protection coating microstructure mechanical properties
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Effect of Post-Treatment Conditions on the Inactivation of MS2 Bacteriophage as Indicator for Pathogenic Viruses after the Composting Process 被引量:1
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作者 Hamidatu S. Darimani Ryusei Ito +1 位作者 Naoyuki Funamizu Amadou H. Maiga 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2018年第2期73-80,共8页
A rural model composting toilet system still had some pathogens in the compost after months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. The aim of the study was to sanitize compost withdrawn from the composting ... A rural model composting toilet system still had some pathogens in the compost after months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. The aim of the study was to sanitize compost withdrawn from the composting toilet by setting post-treatment conditions. The kinetics inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage, selected as indicator for pathogenic viruses were determined during post-treatment at different temperatures (30°C, 40°C and 50°C) with varying moisture contents (50%, 60% and 70%). As a result, the inactivation rates during the post-treatment were 0.093 - 0.020 h-1, 0.025 - 0.088 h1, 0.447 - 0.100 h-1 at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C respectively. The inactivation rate coefficient (k) values of MS2 bacteriophage depended on higher temperature but not on moisture content. 展开更多
关键词 composting TOILET MS2 BACTERIOPHAGE temperature MOISTURE Content POST-TREATMENT
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Comparison of methods for evaluating stability and maturity of co-composting of municipal solid wastes and sewage sludge in semi-arid pedo-climatic condition
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作者 Olfa Fourti Naceur Jedidi Abdennaceur Hassen 《Natural Science》 2011年第2期124-135,共12页
The step of maturation (around 60 days) appeared less active as compared to the first step of pre-fermentation (around 90 days) since the values of temperature, recorded during the second step of maturation, are found... The step of maturation (around 60 days) appeared less active as compared to the first step of pre-fermentation (around 90 days) since the values of temperature, recorded during the second step of maturation, are found generally less important than those recorded during the first step. A similar tendency of C/N ratio values decrease is generally observed in the two piles of wastes during the two steps of composting and these C/N ratio values determined in the pile of wastes free of sewage sludge (W1) are generally slightly higher than those observed in the pile added with dry sewage sludge (W2). The amount of total heavy metals (order of content: Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd) appeared very heterogeneous and showed a large variation in the two piles of wastes. The use of sewage sludge in the pile W2 showed generally no apparent impact on the whole amount of total heavy metals recorded in the finished product and the values recorded are usually lower than the metal concentration limits imposed by several countries. Microbial inventory and total DNA extracted from composting materials followed during all the two steps of composting showed a net variation over time, and revealed specifically a good parallel progress according to the ambient temperature recorded inside the waste materials. It appeared also from this study that the microbial diversity is much nuanced in the case of windrow W2 added with sewage sludge as compared to that observed in the case of windrow W1 free of sewage sludge. 展开更多
关键词 temperature compost Heavy Metals MICROBIAL Diversity MICROBIAL DNA Concentration
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不同热解温度稻壳生物炭对羊粪堆肥腐熟度及温室气体排放的影响
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作者 王海候 吕志伟 +6 位作者 金梅娟 沈园 陶玥玥 周新伟 施林林 李茹 陆长婴 《农业环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期696-703,共8页
为优化羊粪堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排协同的技术工艺参数,以2种不同热解温度制备的稻壳生物炭为堆肥辅料,与羊粪、食用菌渣混合,进行了43 d的堆肥试验。设置了3个处理,羊粪与食用菌渣质量比9∶1混合体作为预备物料,在预备物料上分别添加... 为优化羊粪堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排协同的技术工艺参数,以2种不同热解温度制备的稻壳生物炭为堆肥辅料,与羊粪、食用菌渣混合,进行了43 d的堆肥试验。设置了3个处理,羊粪与食用菌渣质量比9∶1混合体作为预备物料,在预备物料上分别添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物炭(占预备物料质量百分比15%)为BC450、BC650处理,在预备物料上添加未热解炭化的稻壳(与稻壳生物炭同等体积)为CK处理。监测了堆肥温度、腐熟度指标(NH_(4)^(+)-N/NO_(3)^(-)-N、EC值、种子发芽指数)、温室气体(CH_(4)、CO_(2)、N_(2)O)排放的变化动态,分析了不同热解温度稻壳生物炭对堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排的协同效果。结果表明:添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物炭,缩短了堆肥体NH_(4)^(+)-N/NO_(3)^(-)-N、T值、EC值及种子发芽指数达到腐熟度推荐值的所需时间,与CK处理相比,BC450、BC650处理的腐熟周期分别缩短了15.0%、32.5%;羊粪堆置43 d后,BC450、BC650处理的综合温室效应较CK处理分别显著降低了6.56%、24.36%,且BC650处理综合温室效应比BC450处理显著降低了19.05%(P<0.05);添加稻壳生物炭对羊粪堆肥腐熟度及温室气体减排具有协同促进作用,建议优选650℃制备的稻壳生物炭。 展开更多
关键词 生物炭 热解温度 羊粪 堆肥 腐熟度 温室气体
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堆肥低温启动菌剂的研制与效果评价
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作者 杨明珠 许欢欢 +4 位作者 郭传旭 夏燕维 缪有志 郑树林 张瑞福 《生态与农村环境学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期138-146,共9页
针对冬季低温堆肥启动困难这一技术问题,优化和复配低温复合菌剂,并在有机肥厂冬季堆肥生产中对菌剂的应用效果进行评估。选取分离于极地的菌株,对菌株低温生长特性、产蛋白酶性能进行测定,选择供试菌株边缘假单胞菌MP-1(Pseudomonas ma... 针对冬季低温堆肥启动困难这一技术问题,优化和复配低温复合菌剂,并在有机肥厂冬季堆肥生产中对菌剂的应用效果进行评估。选取分离于极地的菌株,对菌株低温生长特性、产蛋白酶性能进行测定,选择供试菌株边缘假单胞菌MP-1(Pseudomonas marginalis)、硬结节杆菌AS-3(Arthrobacter scleromae)和水稻节杆菌AO-4(Arthrobacter oryzae)进行复配,3个菌株在15℃条件下均可快速生长,菌株MP-1、AS-3和AO-4于15℃条件下培养24 h,蛋白酶活性分别可达82.1、64.3和80.3 U·mL^(-1)。将3个菌株按照体积比2∶1∶1复配复合菌剂(IM)。利用中药渣、鸡粪和茶粕堆肥的原料浸提液进行菌剂生长试验,结果表明,IM菌剂在中药渣堆肥浸提液中24 h生长量为1.04×10^(10)cfu·mL^(-1);在鸡粪堆肥浸提液中生长量为1.41×10^(10)cfu·mL^(-1);在茶粕浸提液中生长量为3.6×10^(6)cfu·mL^(-1)。将IM复合菌剂应用于有机肥厂冬季堆肥生产中,设置市售常规堆肥接种剂为对照,结果表明IM菌剂可有效促进冬季低温环境下鸡粪堆肥快速启动,启动阶段IM处理升温速度为19.4℃·d^(-1),对照组为15.84℃·d^(-1);与对照处理相比,IM提前3 d进入高温期;堆肥35 d时,处理组全磷和全钾含量分别增加2.32和4.27个百分点,IM种子发芽指数(GI)可达到93.3%,比对照组高10.2个百分点。综上所述,接种IM菌剂可有效促进低温堆肥快速启动,缩短堆肥周期,促进有毒物质分解,加快低温堆肥的无害化进程,提高冬季低温堆肥效率。 展开更多
关键词 堆肥 低温启动 微生物菌剂 农业固体废弃物
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低温环境下野外自然好氧堆肥理化特征及微生物群落结构变化
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作者 曾桥 施春阳 +2 位作者 李俊 李祥 张璐璐 《安徽农业科学》 CAS 2024年第6期51-59,共9页
[目的]研究低温环境下野外自然好氧堆肥理化特征及微生物群落结构变化,实现低温季节养殖废弃物的资源化利用。[方法]以猪粪和稻壳为原料在低温环境下进行自然好氧堆肥处理,对堆肥过程中温度、pH、含水率、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和... [目的]研究低温环境下野外自然好氧堆肥理化特征及微生物群落结构变化,实现低温季节养殖废弃物的资源化利用。[方法]以猪粪和稻壳为原料在低温环境下进行自然好氧堆肥处理,对堆肥过程中温度、pH、含水率、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和种子发芽指数(GI)进行分析,选取细菌16S rDNA V3~V4区和真菌ITS序列进行高通量测序,比较好氧堆肥过程中不同阶段微生物群落多样性及组成差异。[结果]当环境温度为-6.7~6.4℃时,整个堆肥过程高温阶段持续11 d,经过38 d的好氧堆肥处理,堆体含水率、pH、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N等指标均趋于稳定,堆肥结束时GI达到了122.12%,表明堆肥产品完全腐熟。低温条件下堆肥不同阶段样本微生物群落分析表明,Acinetobacter是堆肥初期和升温阶段优势细菌属,而Pseudofulvimonas和Ensifer在堆肥高温阶段丰度最高,Parapedobacter为堆肥末期优势细菌属。Ascobolus是堆肥初期优势真菌属,而Mycothermus为好氧堆肥升温、高温和腐熟阶段的优势菌群。细菌群落功能预测结果表明,氨基酸转运和代谢、碳水化合物运输和代谢等是堆肥过程中细菌的主要代谢功能。理化指标与微生物多样性相关性分析表明,堆肥过程中pH与属水平上丰度较高的微生物相关性强,含水率、温度、NH_(4)^(+)-N和发芽指数次之。[结论]低温条件下野外自然好氧堆肥可顺利进行并完全腐熟,这为低温环境下野外自然好氧堆肥提供了依据。 展开更多
关键词 好氧堆肥 低温环境 理化特征 高通量测序 群落结构 功能预测
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