New scale factor correction scheme for CORDIC algorithm

To overcome the drawbacks such as irregular circuit construction and low system throughput that exist in conventional methods, a new factor correction scheme for coordinate rotation digital computer（ CORDIC） algorithm is proposed. Based on the relationship between the iteration formulae, a new iteration formula is introduced, which leads the correction operation to be several simple shifting and adding operations. As one key part, the effects caused by rounding error are analyzed mathematically and it is concluded that the effects can be degraded by an appropriate selection of coefficients in the iteration formula. The model is then set up in Matlab and coded in Verilog HDL language. The proposed algorithm is also synthesized and verified in field-programmable gate array （FPGA）. The results show that this new scheme requires only one additional clock cycle and there is no change in the elementary iteration for the same precision compared with the conventional algorithm. In addition, the circuit realization is regular and the change in system throughput is very minimal.

High-intensity focused ultrasound with large scale spherical phased array for the ablation of deep tumors

Under some circumstances surgical resection is feasible in a low percentage for the treatment of deep tumors. Nevertheless, high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） is beginning to offer a potential noninvasive alternative to conventional therapies for the treatment of deep tumors. In our previous study, a large scale spherical HIFU-phased array was developed to ablate deep tumors. In the current study, taking into account the required focal depth and maximum acoustic power output, 90 identical circular PZT-8 elements （diameter=1.4 cm and frequency=l MHz） were mounted on a spherical shell with a radius of curvature of 18 cm and a diameter of 21 cm. With the developed array, computer simulations and ex vivo experiments were carried out. The simulation results theoretically demonstrate the ability of the array to focus and steer in the specified volume （a 2 cm×2 cm×3 cm volume） at the focal depth of 15 to 18 cm. Ex vivo experiment results also verify the capability of the developed array to ablate deep target tissue by either moving single focal point or generating multiple foci simultaneously.

Architectural Design of 32 Bit Polar Encoder

The rapid development in the digital circuit design enhances the applications on very large scale integration era. Encoders are one among the digital circuits found in all communication systems. The polar encoding is mainly meant for its channel achieving property. It finds its application in communications, sensing and information theory. This coding proposed by Erdal Arikan is significant because of its zero error floors and simple architecture for hardware implementation. In this paper, a folded polar encoder is designed to start from the fully parallel architecture and proceeds with its data flow graph, delay requirement calculation, lifetime analysis and register allocation, which results in a very large scale integration architecture with minimum hardware utilization. The results are simulated for 4 and 8 parallel folded 32-bit polar encoder using Xilinx 14.6 ISIM and implemented in Virtex 5 field programmable gate array. A comparison is made on fully parallel and various folding techniques based on their resource utilization.

平板湍流边界层湍动能时空多尺度分布特征与典型结构

应用四相机阵列高时间分辨粒子图像测速系统,测量平板湍流边界层7.26δ_(0.99)×1.18δ_(0.99)大视场瞬态速度场的大样本时间序列,实验雷诺数Re_(τ)=1046.在所有法向层沿流向方向进行空间多尺度连续小波变换,根据分尺度小波系数得到湍动能随脉动空间尺度和法向位置的分布;同时对每个空间点脉动速度时间序列在时间上进行多尺度连续小波变换,根据分尺度小波系数得到湍动能随脉动时间尺度和法向位置的分布;计算出去除多尺度相干结构前后的平坦因子随脉动空间尺度和法向位置的分布.使用空间小波系数过零点法对流场的湍流结构进行检测,用条件采样和空间相位平均的方法获得各尺度不同法向位置湍流结构的空间典型拓扑,发现湍流小尺度结构涡量的空间拓扑呈现沿流向和法向正负交替的四极子结构,流线表现为鞍点和焦点组成的动力系统,肯定了湍流小尺度结构的普适性;计算去除相干结构前后的标度指数ζ(p),发现多尺度相干结构是引起奇异标度律的原因.

Multi-Wavelength Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays for Long-Distance Quasi-Distributed Sensing

Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)array,consisting of a number of sensing units in a single optical fiber,can be practically applied in quasi-distributed sensing networks.Serious signal crosstalk occurring between large-serial of identical FBGs,however,has limited the further increase in the number of sensing units,thus restricting applications only for short-distance sensing networks.To reduce the signal crosstalk,we design two novel types of 10-kilometer-long FBG arrays with 10000 equally spaced gratings,written on-line using a customized grating inscription system,which is affiliated to a drawing tower.Main factors causing signal crosstalk,such as spectral shadowing and multiple reflections,are firstly investigated in theory.Consistent with the theoretical findings,experimental results are proving that ultra-weak(the reflectivity of—40 dB)and multi-wavelength gratings of a number more than 10000 can be readily identified,with satisfied low crosstalk.The maximum attenuation of grating signal and minimum signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a single-wavelength array are 10.69 dB and 5.62 dB,respectively.As a comparison,by increasing the number of central wavelengths to three,the attenuation can be effectively reduced to 5.54dB and the minimum SNR has been improved to 8.14 dB.The current study significantly enhances the multiplexing capacity of FBG arrays and demonstrates promising potentials for establishing large-capacity quasi-distributed sensing networks.