Chemical Associations of Heavy Metals in the Sediments near Bailonggang Sewage Discharge Outlet of Shanghai

The five chemical associations of heavy metals have been extracted continuously using the Tessier extracting method. Results show that Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cr in the sediments are mainly distributed in residual fraction, while the major chemical association of Mn is carbonates. Carbonate heavy metals are converted into Fe-Mn oxides in autumn. And in the low tidal flat, after carbonates have changed into ionic heavy metals, some of the elements are transported to the overlying water. Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn have good correlations with each other, and Zn, Cr also show their similarity of chemical behavior in the sediments.

Analysis of Relationships between Sewage Discharge and Economic Development in Binzhou Based on EKCs

Relationships between environmental pollution and economic development in Binzhou during 2001- 2013 were studied through an Environmental Kuznets Curve( EKC). The results showed that with the increase of GDP per capita,the emissions of industrial wastewater,COD and ammonia nitrogen in Binzhou City increased at first and then decreased during 2001- 2013,showing inverted-U-shaped curves where turning points appeared in the middle; the emission of domestic sewage showed an upward trend,and a turning point would not appear in a short term; the emissions of domestic COD and ammonia nitrogen dropped firstly and then rose gradually,showing U-shaped curves,and they would not decrease in a short time. The turning points of industrial wastewater,COD and ammonia were at( 4. 29,14 550),( 2. 46,44 803) and( 2. 27,2 708) respectively; domestic sewage had no turning point,and domestic COD and ammonia nitrogen would not reach the turning points in a short term.

Study on Ecological Landscape Pattern Change of Desert Sewage Discharge Area in Desert-Oasis Ecotone on the Southern Edge of Junggar Basin,Xinjiang

In order to understand the change characteristics of ecological landscape pattern of desert sewage discharge area in the desert-oasis ecotone on the southern edge of Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,based on the remote sensing images of 13 scenes GF1 and GF2 from 2013 to 2019,through image preprocessing,classification interpretation,GIS spatial analysis and landscape pattern index,the conclusions were as follows.From 2013 to 2019,the landscape area of sparse shrub forest land,grassland and saline alkali land increased,while the area of sandy bare land and pond surface increased.The mutual transformation among various types of landscapes was more active,among which the mutual transfer between sandy bare land and sparse shrub forest land was the most frequent.Various landscape dynamics changed significantly with time.All kinds of landscapes and the overall landscape showed the trend of fragmentation,discretization and complexity,and the overall landscape showed the trend of balanced distribution.The above results hoped to provide basic data and technical basis for eco-environmental protection,restoration and treatmen on the southern edge of Junggar Basin,and fill the current research gap.

Ultra-low temperature anodic bonding of silicon and glass based on nano-gap dielectric barrier discharge

The article improves the process of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)activated anode bonding.The treated surface was characterized by the hydrophilic surface test.The results showed that the hydrophilic angle was significantly reduced under nano-gap conditions and the optimal discharge voltage was 2 kV.Then,the anodic bonding and dielectric barrier discharge activated bonding were performed in comparison experiments,and the bonding strength was characterized by tensile failure test.The results showed that the bonding strength was higher under the nano-gap dielectric barrier discharge.This process completed 110°C ultra-low temperature anodic bonding and the bonding strength reached 2 MPa.Finally,the mechanism of promoting bonding after activation is also discussed.

Monitoring of Sewage Discharging in Piggery

The rapid development of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry causes a large number of slurry and waste, which bdngs great pressure on the surrounding environment and has become an important factor for environmental pollution. To further ascertain the pollution emissions of livestock and poultry breeding industry, protect people＇s health and successfully complete the first national census of pollution sources, a large-scale piggery and a breeding field were selected for monitoring. The results revealed that monitoring indicators in pollution sources of livestock and poultry breeding industry showed significantly positive correlation with breeding size and nutritional level, but negative correlation with animal breeding age. Monitoring indicators in summer and autumn were higher than those in spring and winter, and monitoring indicators of sewage in the piggery reduced significantly through sedimentation process.

农药厂废水排放对淤泥微生物群落的影响

农药生产废水毒性大、浓度高、组分复杂,其处理工艺主要依赖于微生物降解,然而经降解后的达标废水对生态环境和抗生素抗性基因分布格局的影响仍不清楚.为探究重庆市某农药生产厂产生的废水经处理后排放对微生物群落及其抗性基因水平影响,采集农药生产过程中废水处理前和排污口溪流的相关淤泥样品,通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术及抗生素抗性基因的检测,研究农药生产废水处理环境下细菌群落的结构功能变化.处理池淤泥样品(pool sludge sample,PSS)α多样性显著低于小溪底泥样品(brook sludge sample,BSS),但BSS中菌群结构随排污口距离增加仍保持相对稳定.PSS中富含大量农药降解相关微生物,并显著富集农药降解相关代谢通路,表现出对多种农药的降解能力.氨基糖苷类、β内酰胺类、氯霉素类、氟喹诺酮类抗生素抗性基因的丰度在排污口较高,但多数高丰度菌属并未与抗生素抗性基因丰度显著相关.PSS中农药降解相关细菌丰富,并与BSS菌群组成差异明显.研究范围内BSS微生物群落并未明显产生响应排污口距离的梯度变化.BSS抗生素抗性水平并非由单一菌属决定,可能由多个菌属共同介导.

基于减污降碳和水质目标约束下的黄河干流兰州段城区污水处理厂出水排放限值研究

为科学合理地提出黄河干流兰州段城区污水处理厂出水排放限值,实施精准科学治污,持续改善黄河干流兰州段水环境质量,本文以兰州市城区四座有代表性的污水处理厂(西固、七里河安宁、盐场和雁儿湾污水处理厂)为研究对象,统计四座污水处理厂主要污染物排放浓度、中水回用率、主要污染物去除率及减排效果,分析四座污水处理厂入河排污对黄河干流兰州段水质的影响,梳理污水处理厂运行阶段的碳排放情况.结果表明:(1)兰州市城区四座污水处理厂中水回用率低,介于0.86%~4.66%之间.(2)四座污水处理厂主要污染物的去除率高于国内污水处理厂主要污染物去除率的平均水平,COD、NH_(3)-N年均减排量分别为114584.1、8234.6 t,减排效果明显.(3)在黄河枯水期上游来水水量小、水质接近或超出GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类水质目标限值的条件下,叠加区间其他入河排污口的影响,兰州市城区四座污水处理厂均按照设计规模及设计出水水质排污会对下游河段水质造成影响.因此,不能一味地追求出水水质,盲目提标改造,要综合考虑污水处理厂运行过程中的碳排放,在满足受纳水体水质目标前提下,统筹考虑减污降碳.

膜耦合化学除硬技术在循环排污水零排工艺中的应用

创新性地运用膜耦合化学除硬技术,代替传统的“高密池+V型滤池+超滤”组合工艺,使多晶硅循环冷却排污水经过膜耦合化学除硬、除浊预处理后,直接进入“阳床+反渗透系统”,提出了“膜耦合化学除硬+阳床+多段反渗透”的高水回收率短流程技术路线.工程实践表明该技术路线运行可靠,可大幅缩短工艺流程、降低运行能耗、延长阳床的再生周期、同时可使整体系统水回收率达到90%以上.

市政工程排污主干管道塌陷非开挖修复技术研究

为解决市政工程排污主干管道塌陷损害问题,在不开挖地面的条件下对管道进行检测和修复,利用声波检测方法检测塌陷情况,评估管道结构状况及使用性能,计算管道实壁内衬,获取内衬厚度与材料用量,将紫外光固化内衬材料铺设在管道内壁上,实施紫外光固化内衬修复,并对管道非开挖修复端口进行密封。结果表明,应用此修复技术后,排污主干管道强度得到了显著提升,可以更好地恢复管道结构的完整性,使其能够承受正常的工作压力及其他外部因素的作用。

Optical detection method of discharge mode transition of inductively coupled plasma in an atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system

Plasma discharge stability is an important problem in atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system when maintaining long-term missions at ultra-low earth orbit.This paper designed an inductively coupled plasma source to imitate the ionization section.The effect of inflow rate and Radio Frequency(RF)power on the plasma discharge mode transition is experimentally studied.A discharge mode detection method is proposed,which determines the discharge mode by identifying the morphology of the plasma core.By using the method,the discharge mode transition is quantified and a control model based on the parameter sensitivity is constructed.To verify the method,the spectra are measured and the electron temperature spatial distribution is calculated.And the method has been proven effective.The results show that the inductively coupled discharge contains capacitive components affected by the mass flow rate and the radio frequency power.The plasma characteristics can be maintained stably by controlling the radio frequency power when the mass flow rate randomly changes in a certain range.It is demonstrated that the application of detection method effectively identifies the discharge mode,which is a promising active control method for the plasma discharge mode.

入河排污口水环境污染状况及综合治理方法研究

利用加权平均值和多个排放量计算方法对入河排污口水环境展开研究,采集各行政区的入河排污口的污水、化学需氧量、氨氮数据,得出结论:A行政区、B行政区、C行政区污染最重,污水排放量均已达到了3.2亿吨以上,E行政区、F行政区、D行政区的年污水排放量相对较少,均在0.5亿吨以上。选取近五年入河排污口污染物排放数据,结果表明,河底污染、河流内部水的流动力、入河排污口与污水管网设置不合理是造成入河排污口水环境污染的主要原因,并提出从污水管网建设、管理策略、监督体系等多个方面进行综合治理,改善水环境质量。

北海市工业排污海域实施“智慧海洋”监测工程分析

随着北海市工业的快速发展,工业污水排放对海洋生态环境造成了严重影响。本文对北海市近海海域的生态环境质量进行了调查,分析了工业污水排放对海洋生态环境的影响,提出实施“智慧海洋”监测工程保护海域海洋环境生态方案。研究结果为北海市工业排污海域实施“智慧海洋”监测工程提供了理论支持和实践指导。

基于断面水质达标的污水处理厂尾水排放浓度确认研究

我国在建设项目准入中实行“三线一单”生态环境分区管控制度,“环境质量底线”是其重要要素之一。研究以苏中水网地区某工业污水处理厂为例,遵循地表水环境质量底线要求,在满足控制断面(排污口下游2 km)主要水质污染因子浓度达标并预留安全余量的要求下,通过构建一维河网水动力水质耦合模型,建立污染源与水质响应关系,模拟分析丰、枯水期控制断面水质稳定达标时污水处理厂尾水的允许排放浓度,为区域水环境保护和管理工作提供技术支撑。

基于多传感器数据融合的造纸厂污水排放监测系统研究

随着环境保护意识的不断提高,造纸厂等企业的污水排放监测越来越受到重视。传统的监测方法往往采用单一传感器实施测量,存在数据波动大、准确性低等问题。为了解决这些问题,提出一种基于多传感器数据融合的造纸厂污水排放监测系统。在数据采集与传输模块中,由传感器连续测量造纸厂污水排放的各项指标,将监测数据记录黑匣子作为远程数据终端,将传感器信号转换成数字信号,通过互联网与GPRS网络发送至终端监测中心站,实现造纸厂污水排放远程在线监测。对于设计的五种传感器,通过多传感器数据融合模块实施各种传感器的数据融合处理,以获得更加精准的污水排放监测结果。监测中心站配备了储存容量大、功能强大的上位机,无线电台以及打印机等。实验测试结果表明,设计系统在监测几种项目时误差均较低,在一个月的测试中未出现数据异常波动的情况。

真空气力输送泵研究及应用

为实现地下隧洞施工高效排污及排渣,开发了一款适用于掘进机设备的真空气力输送泵系统。详细介绍了气力输送系统及组件,通过负压吸送、正压压送方式实现污水、泥渣、固体颗粒等气力输送,实现无旋转叶轮部件的流体输送。采用CFD方法,运用Fluent软件对气体喷射器结构仿真分析得出设计参数,运用EDEM⁃Fluent流固耦合仿真方法探究渣石与空气或水输送状态,得出使用边界条件,有效指导了设计及应用。同时真空气力输送泵系统提高了地下隧洞掘进效率和隧道文明施工水平。

氢气冷却器排污方法的安全性及经济性分析

介绍了氢气冷却器的设备构造、该设备在氢气处理系统中发挥的作用及氢气系统的工艺流程。对氢气冷却器手动排污和自动排污进行了对比,排污自动化改造后在安全和经济方面做了可行性分析。

基于节点递归算法的污水排放管道网规划仿真

污水管网是城市公共设施和排水系统中最为关键的部分。管道基础设施的合理性是确保污水排放需求的重要指标。设计人员一般采用传统计算构图模式设计管道构图,不仅效率偏低,且无法全面考虑各管段水力坡度、流速以及输水能力等参数。为此,提出一种基于节点递归算法的污水排放管道网规划方法。将管道网污水流动过程定义为有向图,利用关联矩阵描述节点和管段的耦合关联,将管道网拟作若干有向树森林,采用链式表标记管道网,利用节点递归算法计算污水每小时最高排水量与排放最小服务压力,得到各管段水力坡度、流速和输水能力等参数。构建污水排放管道网规划模型,实现污水排放管道网的规划。实验结果显示,所提方法能准确评估污水流动状态,增强污水排放能力,具有理想的应用可靠性。

复杂地形污水管网工程设计案例

针对位于川中丘陵地带的某产业园区,面对地形复杂、场地未平整以及规划道路未建成等多重挑战,进行了污水管网工程设计的深入研究。该园区内山丘连绵起伏,现状地面包括农田、菜地、鱼塘、河沟、树林等多种类型,地面高差显著,障碍物众多,使得污水管网设计难度加大。针对园区的特殊地形地貌和土地利用规划,充分考虑了各管段的实际情况,因地制宜地进行了逐一分析,并通过深入的技术经济比较,为各管段选择了最为适宜的工程方案。最终采取了开槽埋地、架空、顶管,乃至隧道铺管等多种管道铺设方式,以及钢筋混凝土管、焊接钢管、钢筋混凝土箱涵等多种管渠类型。

长江下游生态岛农村生活污水排放规律

为了明确长江下游地区农村生活污水排放规律,对长江入海口崇明生态岛A镇的农村地区展开了污水排放调研。结果表明:A镇户均常住人口为1.55人/户,人均用水量为79.5 L/(人·d),平均折污系数为0.76。农村生活污水中黑水排放量小、污染物浓度高,人均黑水水量占排水量的29.90%。农村生活污水时排水量、污染物浓度波动较大,7:00—8:00污染物浓度较高,在20:00排水水量达到全天的最大值。全年人均日排水量变化较大、日负荷变化较小,在国庆节、春节等节日人均排水量、负荷较大。研究结果对于长江下游生态岛农村生活污水治理的模式选择、装备研制、提标及资源化模式的探索具有重要意义。

零排放技术在油田污水处理中的应用展望

污水排放问题制约了油田企业的发展,污水处理问题已经成为油田企业重点关注的对象。高效处理污水,减少污染物的排放以及提高企业经济效益是油田企业可持续发展的关键。针对我国目前油田企业的现状,重点阐述了多介质过滤技术、钠离子交换技术、弱酸阳床技术、反渗透技术、纳滤技术、电渗析技术及多效蒸发技术在国内油田工业中的应用过程。