A passive source ranging method based on the frequency warping transform of the vertical intensity flux in shallow water

The phase of cross-correlation function of two different normal modes contains source range information, which can be extracted by warping transform due to the dispersive characteristics of the shallow water waveguide. The autocorrelation function of the received pressure or particle velocity contains both modal autocorrelation component(MAC) and modal cross-correlation component(MCC), with the former part usually treated as interference for source ranging. Because the real part of the vertical intensity flux(RPVIF) only contains MCC, a passive impulsive source ranging method based on the frequency warping transform of RPVIF with a single vector receiver in shallow water is presented. Using a waveguide-invariant-based frequency warping operator, the cross-correlation components of two different modes in the vertical intensity flux are warped into separable impulsive sequences, the time delays of which are subsequently used for source ranging. The advantages of source ranging based on warping the vertical intensity flux compared with warping the pressure autocorrelation function are pointed out, and the experiment results are also presented.

Effect of ultra-low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and quality of life

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ultra-low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and its impact on quality of life.Methods:60 elderly patients with dysphagia caused by acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into rTMS group and control group,30 cases in each group.Both groups received routine drug therapy and swallowing function training.rTMS group was additionally treated by ultra-low frequency(10mHZ)repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 14 days.The changes of NIHSS score andADL score and NSE serum level and Wa Tian drinking water experiment and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia scale score and SWAL-QOL score and SF-36 score were observed between the two groups before and after treatment.The clinical effect was evaluated by Wa Tian drinking water experiment.Results:After treatment,The clinical effective rate in rTMS group was significantly higher compared with that in the control group(P<0.05),NIHSS score and serum NSE level were significantly lower compared with the control group(P<0.05),ADL score and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia score and SWAL-QOL score and SF-36 scores were significantly higher compared with the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,SF-36 total score(or SWAL-QOL Score)was negatively correlated with NSE serum level and NIHSS score,which was positively correlated with ADL score and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia scale score score.Conclusion:Ultra-low frequency rTMS therapy can reduce NSE level,effectively improve dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and significantly improve the elderly patients'life quality.

Propagation effects of low frequency electromagnetic waves in production well

The frequency domain electromagnetic method has already been widely used for tomographic imaging or electromagnetic well logging. However, different from open hole logging, the metal casing existing in production well logging has a strong shielding effect on the electromagnetic waves, thus bringing some difficulties to the application of the frequency domain electromagnetic method in production well logging. According to the relation of the field source geometry to the ring around the mandrel, the general expressions of frequency domain electromagnetic responses in axially symmetrical layered conductive medium are deduced. The propagation effects caused by the low-frequency electromagnetic waves in cased hole are also analyzed. The distribution curves of eddy current density and magnetic flux density along the radial direction in the mandrel indicate that the eddy loss within the mandrel is proportional to the transmission signal frequency and the mandrel conductivity. The secondary field responses of different casing materials show that the transmission frequency has an important effect on the ability of electromagnetic waves penetrating the metal casing. The transmission frequency should be ultra-low in order to enable the electromagnetic signal to penetrate the casing easily. The numerical results of frequency responses for different casing physical parameters show that the casing thickness has a significant impact on the choice of the transmission frequency. It is also found that the effect of the casing radius on the transmission frequency can be neglected.

SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCTION HEATING AND VERIFICATION

An experimental and numerical study on the temperature field induced in the ultra-high frequency induction heating is carried out.With an aim of predicting the thermal history of the workpiece,the influence factors of temperature field,such as the induction frequency,the dimension of coil and the gap between coil and workpiece,are investigated considering temperature-dependent material properties by using FLUX 2Dsoftware.The temperature field characteristic in ultra-high induction heating is obtained and discussed.The numerical values are compared with the experimental results.A good agreement between them is observed with 7.9% errors.

Cascaded quasi-zero stiffness nonlinear low-frequency vibration isolator inspired by human spine

Human motion induced vibration has very low frequency,ranging from 2 Hz to 5 Hz.Traditional vibration isolators are not effective in low-frequency regions due to the trade-off between the low natural frequency and the high load capacity.In this paper,inspired by the human spine,we propose a novel bionic human spine inspired quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)vibration isolator which consists of a cascaded multi-stage negative stiffness structure.The force and stiffness characteristics are investigated first,the dynamic model is established by Newton’s second law,and the isolation performance is analyzed by the harmonic balance method(HBM).Numerical results show that the bionic isolator can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance by increasing the number of negative structure stages,and reducing the damping values and external force values can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance.In comparison with the linear structure and existing traditional QZS isolator,the bionic spine isolator has better vibration isolation performance in low-frequency regions.It paves the way for the design of bionic ultra-low-frequency isolators and shows potential in many engineering applications.

Research on Slot-pole Combination in High-power Direct-drive PM Vernier Generator for Fractional Frequency Transmission System

Offshore wind energy is an important part of clean energy,and the adoption of wind energy to generate electricity will contribute to the implementation of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The combination of the fractional frequency transmission system(FFTS) and the direct-drive wind turbine generator will be beneficial to the development of the offshore wind power industry.The use of fractional frequency in FFTS is beneficial to the transmission of electrical energy,but it will also lead to an increase in the volume and weight of the generator,which is unfavorable for wind power generation.Improving the torque density of the generator can effectively reduce the volume of the generators.The vernier permanent magnet machine(VPM) operates on the magnetic flux modulation principle and has the merits of high torque density.In the field of electric machines,the vernier machine based on the principle of magnetic flux modulation has been proved its feasibility to reduce the volume and weight.However,in the field of low-speed direct-drive machines for high-power fractional frequency power generation,there are still few related researches.Therefore,this paper studies the application of magnetic flux modulation in fractional frequency and high-power direct-drive wind turbine generators,mainly analyzes the influence of different pole ratios and different pole pairs on the generator,and draws some conclusions to provide reference for the design of wind turbine generators.

A high-performance electromagnetic energy harvester for scavenging ultra-low frequency vibration energy of human foot movement

In our daily lives,low-frequency kinetic energy primarily manifests as vibrations.However,effective harnessing of lowfrequency kinetic energy remains a formidable challenge.This paper proposes a rope-driven rotor that rotates around an axis and consists of an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)wire wrapped around a metal shaft.The rotor can convert ultra-low frequency vibration/linear motion into rapid rotation by pressing the top at low frequencies and driving the rope for a quick release.The harvester can generate up to 36.25 m W power using a 0.1-mm-diameter UHMWPE wire as the rotor when periodically pressed down to 20 mm at a frequency of 1 Hz.A simple power generation floor is assembled,generating 28.58-m W power with a matching load at a frequency of 1.5 Hz.Moreover,the harvester can increase the charging voltage of a 0.47-F supercapacitor from 0 to 6.8 V within 10 min.In addition,the harvester can harvest energy through a light finger press motion,and the energy obtained can also support the continuous operation of multiple electronic devices concurrently.This study introduces an effective method for harvesting ultra-low frequency energy and has great prospects in the field of power generation floor and human movement energy harvesting.

Application of ESMD Method to Air-Sea Flux Investigation

The ESMD method can be seen as a new alternate of the well-known Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) for non-steady data processing. It is good at finding the optimal adaptive global mean fitting curve, which is superior to the common least-square method and running-mean approach. Take the air-sea momentum flux investigation as an example, only when the non-turbulent wind components is well extracted, can the remainder signal be seen as actual oscillations caused by turbulence. With the aid of —5/3 power law for the turbulence, a mode-filtering approach based on ESMD decomposition is developed here. The test on observational data indicates that this approach is very feasible and it may greatly reduce the error caused by the non-turbulent components.

一种融合字词双通道的Domain-Flux僵尸网络检测方法

Domain-Flux是僵尸网络中常用的一种命令与控制信道隐蔽技术,其能有效躲避网络安全设备的检测。针对现有检测方法中对Domain-Flux域名信息提取不全面,无法有效捕获词典类域名关键分类特征的问题,提出了一种融合字词双通道的Domain-Flux僵尸网络检测方法。在字符向量和词根向量两个通道上分别采用卷积神经网络(CNN)和双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)提取局部特征和全局特征,丰富输入域名的特征信息,提升分类性能。其中,字符向量通道针对随机字符域名提取局部空间特征,而词根向量通道基于TF-IDF算法,引入类内因子将词根重要性加权到词向量中,然后提取域名单词组合序列前后的时序特征。实验结果表明,与单一采用TextCNN或BiLSTM的模型相比,融合字词双通道的模型检测准确率分别提高7.12%和5.86%,针对词典类Domain-Flux的检测也具有更高的精确率。

双频DC-DC变换器的磁集成技术

双频Buck变换器由两个降压单元级联构成,具有动态响应快,开关损耗小等优势。然而不足的是磁件占据了整个系统的大部分体积与重量,降低了系统的功率密度。针对这一问题,提出一种三段式绕制磁集成技术,将磁件以解耦的方式集成在一副磁心中。该文首先建立集成磁件的磁路等效模型,通过抵消各绕组之间的耦合作用推导出解耦条件,并详细阐述了磁心的选取、匝数以及气隙的设计原则。其次,利用有限元仿真平台对所提集成磁件进行建模分析,与现有的集成方法相比,磁通密度分布更为均匀,磁心的利用率得到了有效提升。最后,搭建一台48 V/12 V、108 W的实验样机,体积和重量同分离磁件相比降低了31.2%和25.3%,提高了系统的功率密度,验证了该集成方法理论分析的正确性和可行性。

永磁同步电机全转速范围无位置传感器控制

为解决IF控制启动速度偏慢、启动转矩能力薄弱等问题,采用高频脉振电压注入法完成电动机零低速启动,并结合中高速区有效磁链法形成全转速范围无位置传感器复合控制策略。为了实现两种控制方法的平滑切换,提出一种基于转速过渡区与状态机结合的滞环切换策略,所提策略将全转速范围划分为零低速区、过渡区以及中高速区,电动机由中高速区进入过渡区时提前开启高频脉振电压注入法,使其位置估计过程达到稳定,为切换做好准备。为了减小注入高频电压对有效磁链法位置估计过程的冲击,在转速过渡区采用软开启的方式实现高频脉振电压注入法的投入与退出。针对转速过渡区两种位置估计方法同时工作时的耦合问题,设置了双同步旋转坐标系,实现了转子位置估计的解耦控制。在一台三相永磁同步电机上对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。

夏季欧亚环流的低频振荡对长江流域降水影响的多尺度诊断

长江流域夏季降水与欧亚中高纬大气低频振荡密切相关,定量诊断不同尺度环流异常对降水的贡献,对于提高旱涝灾害预测准确率具有重要意义。利用ERA5逐日再分析资料和CN05.1逐日降水资料,通过定义环流指数(CI),将夏季欧亚环流划分为两脊一槽(DR)型和两槽一脊(DT)型,并探究了其低频特征以及不同尺度环流异常对长江流域降水的影响。结果表明:两类环流型是环流指数低频循环周期中的两个不同位相,均具有10~30 d振荡周期,对长江流域低频降水有着重要影响。其主要表现为:①两类环流型对应的500 hPa低频环流场在欧亚中高纬呈现正、负位势高度异常交替的波列结构,具有明显向东传播的特征,平均传播速度约为每天5°(经度);②当DR型达峰值位相时,850 hPa低频风场中鄂霍次克海反气旋南侧的东北风引导中高纬干冷空气向长江流域入侵,与来自南海反气旋西侧的西南气流交汇,使太平洋和南海的大量水汽向长江流域输送,低频降水正异常滞后于环流2 d达到最强,DT型的特征则与之相反;③欧亚环流对长江流域低频降水的影响以大于30 d的背景水汽条件和10~30 d低频尺度环流的共同作用为主导,小于10 d的天气尺度环流次之,大于30 d的背景环流较前二者作用偏弱,并且水汽辐合项约为水汽平流项贡献的3倍,先由湿平流提供充足的水汽条件,再通过较强的水汽辐合产生降水。

Analysis of Mode Interaction in Ultra-low Frequency Oscillation Based on Trajectory Eigenvalue

Complex phenomena such as prolongedly undamped ultra-low frequency oscillation(ULFO)and eigenmode re-excitation are observed in the simulations of hydroelectric power systems.Emphases are put on nonlinearities and mode interactions,which cannot be analyzed by traditional eigen-analysis methods.In order to investigate the mechanism of the evolvement of the nonlinear dynamic process in ULFO,this paper proposes a method to analyze the mode interactions quantificationally.First,a disturbed trajectory is decoupled into a set of time-varying components.Second,transfer matrices of eigenmodes are extracted along the trajectory.Third,consecutive sequences of eigenvalues and trajectories of components are formed by a proposed technique.Based on the decoupled components and transfer matrices,the mechanisms of mode interactions and inheritance relationships between eigenmodes are analyzed.The causes and developments of the above complex phenomena are revealed by the proposed method in a test two-machine system.Meanwhile,the accuracy of the eigenmode matching technique is verified in the New England system.

Signal photon flux generated by high-frequency relic gravitational waves

The power spectrum of primordial tensor perturbations Pt increases rapidly in the high frequency region if the spectral index nt 〉 0. It is shown that the amplitude of relic gravitational waves ht （5×109 Hz） varies from 10-36 to 10-25 while rtt varies from -6.25 × 10-3 to 0.87. A high frequency gravitational wave detector proposed by F,-Y, Li detects gravitational waves through observing the perturbed photon flux that is generated by interaction between relic gravitational waves and electromagnetic field. It is shown that the perturbative photon flux N1x （5 × 109 Hz） varies from 1.40× 10-4 s-i to 2.85× 107 s-i while nt varies from -6.25 ×10-3 to 0.87, Correspondingly, the ratio of the transverse perturbative photon flux N1x to the background photon flux varies from 10-28 to 10-16.

Critical analysis of the ULF power depression as a possible Tohoku earthquake precursor

Among electromagnetic methods of short-term earthquake prediction,an approach is being actively developed based on the phenomenon of magnetic ultra-low-frequency(ULF)power depression occurring a few days before an earthquake.In particular,a nighttime geomagnetic power depression in the band 0.03-0.05 Hz was observed approximately 5 days before the catastrophic Tohoku 2011 earthquake.To verify the reliability of this method,we performed an extended analysis using data from magnetometer arrays JMA,MAGDAS,PWING,and INTERMAGNET.The selected stations included sites close to the epicenter(<300 km)and remote points(~10000 km).The band-integrated spectral power of nighttime magnetic noise decreased significantly from March 6-9,several days before the earthquake.However,such variations occur simultaneously not only at nearby stations but also at distant stations.During this event,the ULF power depression was caused by low global geomagnetic activity,as evidenced by the planetary index SME.Thus,the depression of geomagnetic ULF noise cannot be considered a reliable short-term precursor.

Characteristics of low-frequency oscillation intensity of airsea turbulent heat fluxes over the northwest Pacific

Based on the daily turbulent heat fluxes and related meteorological variables datasets (1985-2006) from Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) Project of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), characteristics of low-frequency oscillation intensity of air-sea turbulent heat fluxes over the northwest Pacific are analyzed by linear perturbation method and correlation analysis. It can be concluded that: 1) the distribution of low-frequency oscillation intensity of latent heat flux (LHF) over the northwest Pacific is mainly affected by that of low-frequency oscillation intensity of anomalous air-sea humidity gradient (Δq′) as well as mean air-sea humidity gradient ( Δ q), while the distribution of low-frequency oscillation intensity of sensible heat flux (SHF) is mainly affected by that of low-frequency oscillation intensity of anomalous air-sea temperature gradient (ΔT′). 2) The low-frequency oscillation of turbulent heat fluxes over the northwest Pacific is the strongest in winter and the weakest in summer. And the seasonal transition of low-frequency oscillation intensity of LHF is jointly influenced by those of low-frequency oscillation intensity of Δq′, low-frequency oscillation intensity of anomalous wind speed (U′), Δ q and mean wind speed (U ), while the seasonal transition of low-frequency oscillation intensity of SHF is mainly influenced by those of low-frequency oscillation intensity of ΔT′ and U . 3) Over the tropical west Pacific and sea areas north of 20°N, the low-frequency oscillation of LHF (SHF) is mainly influenced by atmospheric variables qa′ (Ta′) and U′, indicating an oceanic response to overlying atmospheric forcing. In contrast, over the tropical eastern and central Pacific south of 20°N, qs′ (Ts′) also greatly influences the low-frequency oscillation of LHF (SHF).

源于宇宙弦的引力波暴及其电磁共振效应

引力波为宇宙学模型的检验提供了新方法,宇宙弦环震荡会激发较强的尖端引力辐射,甚高频波段的引力波可以通过电磁共振效应来探测.文章基于修正的宇宙弦模型,以p和?为自由参数,主要研究了宇宙弦环震荡产生的甚高频引力波特性h,以及在电磁共振方案中产生的物理效应.通过数值计算保守估计引力波暴的量纲为1的振幅强度可以达到10^(-28)~10^(-25).在电磁共振效应下产生的信号光子流强度N_(x)^(1)达到10^(4)~10^(8)s^(-1),信噪比强度S为10^(-20)~10^(-14).与其它类型的此频段引力波相比较,此类引力波更可能在未来被探测器探测到.

Ocean dynamic noise energy flux directivity in the 400 Hz to 700 Hz frequency band

Results of field studies of underwater dynamic noise energy flux directivity at two wind speeds, 6 m/s and 12 m/s, in the 400 Hz to 700 Hz frequency band in the deep open ocean are presented. The measurements were made by a freely drifting telemetric combined system at 500 m depth. Statistical characteristics of the horizontal and vertical dynamic noise energy flux directivity are considered as functions of wind speed and direction. Correlation between the horizontal dynamic noise energy flux direction and that of the wind was determined; a mechanism of the horizontal dynamic noise energy flux generation is related to the initial noise field scattering on ocean surface waves.

异步电机按定子磁场定向的转差频率控制

在分析现有转差频率控制方案优缺点的基础上,提出一种按定子磁场定向的转差频率控制方案。利用坐标变换和磁场定向原理,建立按定子磁场定向的异步电机数学模型。新系统通过定子电压直轴分量直接控制定子磁链的变化率;在转速通道中,电流调节器的输出作为转差频率,继承了标量型转差频率控制方案的优点。新系统的动态控制算法不依赖于转子电阻和电感参数。结果表明,新系统具有良好的静、动态性能和鲁性棒。

涡旋相关法测定湍流通量偏低的研究

针对野外实验所发现的不同观测法测定地表能通量不平衡问题,进行了均匀加热大气边界层的大涡模拟实验。用模拟的湍流风、温度和湿度涨落的时间序列证实,对流边界层低频涡普遍存在,并经常以一簇一簇热泡的形式出现。风速较小时,有限时长的取样不足以捕捉低频涡的贡献,可造成涡旋相关法测量的统计量异常偏低。仿照涡旋相关法的步骤进行数据处理发现,经去除平均或趋势计算的温度和湿度通量偏低程度在边界层下部随观测高度的增高而显著,其中尤以湿度通量为甚。其结果在一定程度上可以解释低风速条件下地表能通量测量的不闭合问题,但是尚不能完全解释诸如青藏高原实验出现的严重不闭合。文中对此作了探讨性的讨论。