Pore-Throat Combination Types and Gas-Water Relative Permeability Responses of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs in the Zizhou Area of East Ordos Basin, China

With the aim of better understanding the tight gas reservoirs in the Zizhou area of east Ordos Basin,a total of 222 samples were collected from 50 wells for a series of experiments.In this study,three pore-throat combination types in sandstones were revealed and confirmed to play a controlling role in the distribution of throat size and the characteristics of gas-water relative permeability.The type-I sandstones are dominated by intercrystalline micropores connected by cluster throats,of which the distribution curves of throat size are narrow and have a strong single peak(peak ratio>30%).The pores in the type-II sandstones dominantly consist of secondary dissolution pores and intercrystalline micropores,and throats mainly occur as slice-shaped throats along cleavages between rigid grain margins and cluster throats in clay cement.The distribution curves of throat size for the type-II sandstones show a bimodal distribution with a substantial low-value region between the peaks(peak ratio<15%).Primary intergranular pores and secondary intergranular pores are mainly found in type-III samples,which are connected by various throats.The throat size distribution curves of type-III sandstones show a nearly normal distribution with low kurtosis(peak ratio<10%),and the micro-scale throat radii(>0.5μm)constitute a large proportion.From type-I to type-III sandstones,the irreducible water saturation(Swo)decreased;furthermore,the slope of the curves of Krw/Krg in two-phase saturation zone decreased and the two-phase saturation zone increased,indicating that the gas relative flow ability increased.Variations of the permeability exist in sandstones with different porethroat combination types,which indicate the type-III sandstones are better reservoirs,followed by type-II sandstones and type-I sandstones.As an important factor affecting the reservoir quality,the pore-throat combination type in sandstones is the cumulative expression of lithology and diagenetic modifications with strong heterogeneity.

The tectonic fracture modeling of an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir based on an outcrop analogy: A case study in the Wangyao Oilfield of Ordos Basin, China

Due to inherent limits of data acquisition and geophysical data resolution, there are large uncertainties in the characterization of subsurface fractures. However, outcrop analogies can provide qualitative and quantitative information on a large number of fractures, based on which the accuracy of subsurface fracture characterization can be improved. Here we take the tectonic fracture modeling of an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir based on an outcrop analogy, a case study of the Chang6t~ Formation of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Group of the Wangyao Oilfield in the Ordos Basin of China. An outcrop at the edge of the basin is a suitable analog for the reservoir, but the prerequisite is that they must have equivalent previous stress fields, similar final structural characteristics, relative timing and an identical depositional environment and diagenesis. The relationship among fracture density, rock type and bed thickness based on the outcrop is one of the most important fracture distribution models, and can be used to interpret fracture density in individual wells quantitatively. Fracture orientation, dip, geometry and scale, also should be described and measured in the outcrop, and can be used together with structure restoration and single well fracture density interpretation to guide fracture intensity prediction on bed surfaces and to constrain the construction of the 3D fracture geometry model of the subsurface reservoir. The application of the above principles shows the outcrop-based tectonic fracture models of the target ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir are consistent with fractures inferred from microseismic interpretation and tracer tests. This illustrated that the fracture modeling based on the outcrop analogy is reliable and can reduce the uncertainty in stochastic fracture modeling.

Determination of microscopic waterflooding characteristics and influence factors in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir

Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of Chang 8 ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Huaqing region of the Ordos Basin,China is difficult to observe directly.Combined with physical property,casting thin sections,constant-rate mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance,the influence of reservoir property on the waterflooding characteristics in pores were analyzed and evaluated.Seepage paths of waterflooding characteristics were divided into four types:homogeneous seepage,reticular-homogeneous seepage,finger-reticular seepage and finger-like seepage,the waterflooding efficiency of which decreases in turn.More than 70%of residual oil occurs as flowing-around seepage and oil film.Physical property,pore structure and movable fluid characteristics are all controlled by digenesis and their impacts on waterflooding efficiency are in accordance.Generally,the pore throat radius size and distribution and movable fluid percentage are closely related to waterflooding law.

Synchronous injection-production energy replenishment for a horizontal well in an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir: A case study of Changqing oilfield in Ordos Basin, NW China

It is difficult to build an effective water flooding displacement pressure system in the middle section of a horizontal well in an ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir.To solve this problem,this study proposes to use packers,sealing cannula and other tools in the same horizontal well to inject water in some fractures and produce oil from other fractures.This new energy supplement method forms a segmental synchronous injection-production system in a horizontal well.The method can reduce the distance between the injection end and the production end,and quickly establish an effective displacement system.Changing the displacement between wells to displacement between horizontal well sections,and point water flooding to linear uniform water flooding,the method can enhance water sweeping volume and shorten waterflooding response period.The research shows that:(1)In the synchronous injection and production of horizontal well in an ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoir,the water injection section should select the section where the natural fractures and artificial fractures are in the same direction or the section with no natural fractures,and the space between two sections should be 60?80 m.(2)In addition to controlling injection pressure,periodic water injection can be taken to reduce the risk of re-opening and growth of natural fractures or formation fracture caused by the gradual increase of water injection pressure with water injection going on.(3)Field tests have verified that this method can effectively improve the output of single well and achieve good economic benefits,so it can be widely used in the development of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs.

Petrophysical and capillary pressure properties of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation tight gas sandstones in western Sichuan,China

The tight sandstones of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation（T_3x） constitute important gas reservoirs in western Sichuan.The Xujiahe sandstones are characterized by low to very low porosity （av.5.22%and 3.62%） for the T_3x^4 and T_3x^2 sandstones,respectively）,extremely low permeability（av. 0.060 mD and 0.058 mD for the T_3x^4 and T_3x^2 sandstones,respectively）,strong heterogeneity,micronano pore throat,and poor pore throat sorting.As a result of complex pore structure and the occurrence of fractures,weak correlations exist between petrophysical properties and pore throat size,demonstrating that porosity or pore throat size alone does not serve as a good permeability predictor.Much improved correlations can be obtained between permeability and porosity when pore throat radii are incorporated. Correlations between porosity,permeability,and pore throat radii corresponding to different saturations of mercury were established,showing that the pore throat radius at 20%mercury saturation（R_（20）） is the best permeability predictor.Multivariate regression analysis and artificial neural network（ANN） methods were used to establish permeability prediction models and the unique characteristics of neural networks enable them to be more successful in predicting permeability than the multivariate regression model.In addition, four petrophysical rock types can be identified based on the distributions of R_（20）,each exhibiting distinct petrophysical properties and corresponding to different flow units.

A new NMR-data-based method for predicting petrophysical properties of tight sandstone reservoirs

Evaluating the permeability and irreducible water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs is challenging.This study uses distribution functions to fit measured NMR T_(2)distributions of tight sandstone reservoirs and extract parameters for characterizing pore size distribution.These parameters are then used to establish prediction models for permeability and irreducible water saturation of reservoirs.Results of comparing the fit of the T_(2)distributions by the Gauss and Weibull distribution functions show that the fitting accuracy with the Weibull distribution function is higher.The physical meaning of the statistical parameters of the Weibull distribution function is defined to establish nonlinear prediction models of permeability and irreducible water saturation using the radial basis function(RBF)method.Correlation coefficients between the predicted values by the established models and the measured values of the tight sandstone core samples are 0.944 for permeability and 0.851 for irreducible water saturation,which highlight the effectiveness of the prediction models.

Imbibition mechanisms of high temperature resistant microemulsion system in ultra-low permeability and tight reservoirs

Lower-phase microemulsions with core-shell structure were prepared by microemulsion dilution method.The high temperature resistant systems were screened and the performance evaluation experiments were conducted to clarify the spontaneous imbibition mechanisms in ultra-low permeability and tight oil reservoirs,and to direct the field microfracture huff and puff test of oil well.The microemulsion system(O-ME)with cationic-nonionic surfactant as hydrophilic shell,No.3 white oil as oil phase core has the highest imbibition recovery;its spontaneous imbibition mechanisms include:the ultra-low interfacial tension and wettability reversal significantly reduce oil adhesion work to improve oil displacement efficiency,the nanoscale“core-shell structure”formed can easily enter micro-nano pores and throats to expand the swept volume,in addition,the remarkable effect of dispersing and solubilizing crude oil can improve the mobility of crude oil.Based on the experimental results,a microfracture huff and puff test of O-ME was carried out in Well YBD43-X506 of Shengli Oilfield.After being treated,the well had a significant increase of daily fluid production to 5 tons from 1.4 tons,and an increase of daily oil production to 2.7 tons from 1.0 ton before treatment.

Influence of supercritical CO_(2)on the physical property of tight sandstone

In low-pressure gas reservoirs,water-based fracture fluid is difficult to flowback,which is unfavorable for several tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin with low pressure and high permeability geological characteristics.Supercritical CO_(2)possesses a number of remarkable physical and chemical features,including a density near to water,a viscosity close to gas,and high diffusion.Supercritical CO_(2)fracturing is a new type of non-aqueous fracturing method that is favorable to fracturing flowback in low-pressure tight sandstone and has a wide range of applications.To discuss on whether supercritical CO_(2)fracturing with low pressure tight sandstone is feasible.Tight sandstone cores from the Jinqiu gas field in the Sichuan Basin were used to study the influence of supercritical CO_(2)on the physical properties of sandstone reservoirs.Supercritical CO_(2)was used to interact with tight sandstone samples,and then the changes in porosity,permeability,and rock microstructure of tight sandstone were observed under various time,pressure,and temperature conditions.After the interaction between tight sandstone and supercritical CO_(2),new dissolution pores will appear,or the original pores will be increased,and the width of some natural fractures will also be increased,and the porosity will increase by 1.09%-8.85%,and the permeability will increase by 2.34%-21.26%,quantifying the influence of supercritical CO_(2)on physical properties of tight sandstone,and further improving the interaction mechanism between supercritical CO_(2)and tight sandstone.This study improves in the understanding of the tight sandstone-supercritical CO_(2)interaction mechanism,as well as providing an experimental foundation and technological guarantee for field testing and use of supercritical CO_(2)in low-pressure tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

The distribution rule and seepage effect of the fractures in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir in east Gansu Province,Ordos Basin

To study the impact of the fractures on development in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of the Yangchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin,data on outcrops,cores,slices,well logging and experiments are utilized to analyze the cause of the formation of the fractures,their distribution rules and the control factors and discuss the seepage flow effect of the fractures. In the studied area developed chiefly high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal bedding fractures,inter-granular fractures and grain boundary fractures as well. Grain boundary fractures and intragranular fractures serve as vital channels linking intragranular pores and intergranular solution pores in the reservoir matrix,thus providing a good connectivity between the pores in the ultra-low perme-ability sandstone reservoir. The formation of fractures and their distribution are influenced by such external and internal factors as the palaeo-tectonic stress field,the reservoir lithological character,the thickness of the rock layer and the anisotropy of a layer. The present-day stress field influences the preservative state of fractures and their seepage flow effect. Under the tec-tonic effect of both the Yanshan and Himalayan periods,in this region four sets of fractures are distributed,respectively assuming the NE-SW,NW-SE,nearly E-W and nearly S-N orientations,but,due to the effect of the rock anisotropy of the rock formation,in some part of it two groups of nearly orthogonal fractures are chiefly distributed. Under the effect of the present-day stress field,the fractures that assume the NE-SW direction have a good connectivity,big apertures,a high permeability and a minimum starting pressure,all of which are main advantages of the seepage fractures in this region. With the development of oilfields,the permeability of the fractures of dif-ferent directions will have a dynamic change.

Influence mechanism of pore-scale anisotropy and pore distribution heterogeneity on permeability of porous media

Based on micro-CT scanning experiments, three-dimensional digital cores of tight sandstones were established to quantitatively evaluate pore-scale anisotropy and pore-distribution heterogeneity. The quartet structure generation set method was used to generate three-dimensional anisotropic, heterogeneous porous media models. A multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model was applied to analyze relationships of permeability with pore-scale anisotropy and pore distribution heterogeneity, and the microscopic influence mechanism was also investigated. The tight sandstones are of complex pore morphology, strong anisotropy and pore distribution heterogeneity, while anisotropy factor has obvious directivity. The obvious anisotropy influences the orientation of long axis of pores and fluid flow path, making tortuosity smaller and flowing energy loss less in the direction with the greater anisotropy factor. The strong correlation of tortuosity and anisotropy is the inherent reason of anisotropy acting on permeability. The influence of pore distribution heterogeneity on permeability is the combined effects of specific surface area and tortuosity, while the product of specific surface area and tortuosity shows significantly negative correlation with heterogeneity. The stronger the pore distribution heterogeneity, the smaller the product and the greater the permeability. In addition, the permeability and tortuosity of complex porous media satisfy a power relation with a high fitting precision, which can be applied for approximate estimation of core permeability.

基于微观流固耦合的超深层致密砂岩气藏应力敏感性分析

超深层致密砂岩气藏具有强应力敏感性,目前常用的研究方法包括压力脉冲实验法和实时在线CT扫描法两种,压力脉冲实验法不能揭示产生应力敏感性的微观机理,而实时在线CT扫描法也无法模拟深部地层高压、高应力的条件。为解决应力敏感性实验研究的不足,基于离散单元法与管道网络模型建立了微观流固耦合算法,编制了模拟器,并对模拟器力学计算和流固耦合模块的正确性进行了验证,分析了应力大小、加载方向和孔隙压力对岩心渗透率的影响,最后从微观上揭示了超深层致密砂岩气藏的应力敏感性机理。研究结果表明:①应力通过增加与之垂直方向上喉道两侧的法向压力,减小喉道的水力半径,进而降低储层的渗透率;②较高的孔隙压力能够阻碍岩石颗粒在应力作用下的移动,从而减缓了孔隙和喉道的变形,使模型保持较高的渗透率;③致密砂岩气藏的渗透率受到应力和地层压力的共同控制,并且具有各向异性,在垂直于最小主应力方向上形成渗透率较大的优势通道;④异常高压阻碍了地应力的压实作用,有利于保护储层孔隙,使地层有较好的储集性能和较高的渗透率。结论认为,根据离散元法结合孔隙网络模型建立的流固耦合方法可为理解超深层致密砂岩应力敏感性提供理论参考,并为超深层致密砂岩气藏的科学高效开发提供指导。

三塘湖盆地油气勘探历程与启示

三塘湖盆地油气勘探始于20世纪50年代,50—80年代基本以地面地质调查和局部勘探为主,大规模油气勘探始于90年代并取得了丰硕成果。回顾六十多年的油气勘探实践,系统梳理了三塘湖盆地石油地质研究与认识、勘探领域及勘探成果,基于钻井、地震、储量及产量等数据分析,将三塘湖盆地油气勘探历程划分为地质普查、砂岩油藏勘探、火山岩油藏勘探、致密油勘探4个阶段。以油气勘探各阶段勘探思路、科技创新、勘探技术、重大勘探成果为主线,系统总结了各个阶段的勘探启示以及对勘探产生重要影响的成果及认识,形成了侏罗系低渗低压砂岩油藏、火山岩油藏和凝灰岩致密油藏的成藏地质理论和勘探开发技术,有效推动了三塘湖盆地油气勘探的持续突破,同时期望指导三塘湖盆地下一步油气勘探工作。

低压高含水致密气藏气-水相渗特征及生产动态响应

气-水相渗曲线反映储层综合物性特征,明确致密砂岩气-水相渗行为与气井生产动态的关系,有利于致密气藏高效开发。以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘典型致密砂岩气藏为研究对象,将储层分为3类并开展气-水相渗实验,结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜和核磁共振等岩心分析手段,揭示气-水相渗与气井生产动态曲线的关系。结果表明:①Ⅰ类相渗曲线两相过渡区较宽,孔隙类型以粒间孔为主,Ⅱ类相渗曲线两相过渡区较窄,孔隙类型以粒间孔和晶间孔为主,Ⅲ类储层相渗曲线两相过渡区极窄,孔隙类型以晶间孔为主;②储层黏土矿物含量高,高岭石和绿泥石有利于气水两相流动,伊利石不利于气水两相流动;③孔喉差异大,大致分为3类:中—粗孔喉(大于1.0µm)、细孔喉(0.1~1.0µm)和微孔喉(小于0.1µm),Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层的中—粗孔喉占比分别约为40%、10%和4%;④根据上述3类储层的气-水相渗特征,可将气井分为3类,其生产动态特征与相渗曲线预测结果均相符,Ⅰ类井主要产层为Ⅰ类储层,有效厚度约为7 m,平均日产气量约为2×10^(4) m^(3),稳产时间长,Ⅱ类井主要产层为Ⅱ类储层,有效厚度约为5 m,平均日产气量约为1×10^(4) m^(3),Ⅲ类井主要产层为Ⅲ类储层,有效厚度约为6 m,平均日产气量约为0.5×10^(4) m^(3),稳产时间极短。通过分析致密砂岩气-水相渗特征预测气井生产动态,揭示了孔隙结构和黏土矿物对气水流动行为的影响,可为制定低压高含水致密气开发过程降阻提效措施提供理论支撑。

致密砂岩孔喉结构分析与渗透率预测方法——以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构精细表征和渗透性预测是优质储层评价和开发的关键。以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例,利用高压压汞实验和分形理论,对孔喉结构进行静态表征,探讨孔喉结构、分形维数、储层物性之间的关系,进而分析孔喉结构对渗透率的贡献,建立渗透率预测模型。沙溪庙组样品可分为4种类型:Ⅰ类样品排驱压力低、物性好、孔隙连通性好、平均分形维数为2.11,孔隙以半径大于0.1μm的大孔和中孔为主,半径大于1μm的孔喉贡献了90%以上的渗透率;Ⅱ类样品排驱压力在0.4~1.0 MPa之间,平均孔渗分别为9.72%、0.375×10^(-3)μm^(2),分形维数为2.20,半径大于0.1μm的中孔含量上升,并贡献了大部分渗透率;Ⅲ、Ⅳ类样品排驱压力与分形维数明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类样品,孔隙度低且缺乏大孔导致渗透率较低。半径大于0.1μm的大孔和中孔贡献了沙溪庙组98%以上的渗透率。分形维数是指示孔喉结构的良好标志,分形维数与孔喉半径、最大进汞饱和度、渗透率均呈现明显的负相关关系,而与排驱压力、孔喉相对分选系数呈正相关关系。分形维数与孔喉组成有着强相关性,基于分形维数、孔隙度、最大孔喉半径建立了“孔隙型”储层渗透率定量预测模型。

渤海湾盆地临南洼陷古近系沙河街组源-储组合类型与致密(低渗)砂岩油差异富集模式

为了揭示渤海湾盆地临南洼陷古近系沙河街组致密(低渗)砂岩油的差异富集机理,在依据空间配置和岩性组合划分源-储组合类型的基础上,综合利用测井、录井、试油和岩心分析测试资料,对不同源-储组合类型含油性及其供烃条件、储集条件、输导条件和运聚动力进行了分析,建立了致密(低渗)砂岩油差异富集模式。结果显示:①研究区存在源-储共生型(夹层型、互层型)、源-储紧邻型(源上型、源间型和源下型)、源-储间隔型(源下型)3大类6亚类源-储组合,对应3种致密(低渗)砂岩油富集模式。②源-储共生型具有“强供烃-强动力-高效充注-储集控富”模式,供烃条件和运聚动力最优,油气通过孔缝高效充注,储层含油性最好;相较于互层型,砂体厚度制约了夹层型油气富集规模。③源-储紧邻型具有“较强供烃-差异动力-联合输导-多元控富”模式,供烃条件较好,运聚动力变化大,油气通过孔缝-断裂-砂体联合输导,优先充注物性和孔隙结构好的储层,储层含油性较好;亚类中,源间型供烃条件和运聚动力优于源上型和源下型,含油性最好。④源-储间隔型具有“弱供烃-弱动力-断砂输导-输储控富”模式,供烃和运聚动力较弱,断裂、砂体组成的有效输导通道和优质储层发育对于油气富集至关重要,含油性整体较差。

DES+CTAB复配驱油剂体系提高低渗致密砂岩油藏采收率机理

针对低渗致密油藏注水困难、采收率低等问题,利用尿素基深共晶溶剂(DES)与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)复配的驱油剂体系,对驱油剂在低渗致密油藏中的降压增注和提高采收率机理进行了研究。研究结果表明:①驱油剂体系可以将油水界面张力降低至10^(-3)mN/m以下,大大提高了洗油效率;②驱油剂体系可有效抑制黏土矿物水化,避免了低渗致密砂岩中黏土矿物水化膨胀带来的流体敏感性损害;③驱油剂体系可对砂岩表面进行界面修饰,驱油剂溶液浸泡后样品的油相接触角由25.8°增加至61.4°,亲水性增强,亲油性减弱,有助于吸附在岩石孔隙壁面的油膜脱落;④超前注入驱油剂的注入压力降低率平均为79.64%,采收率平均为50.96%,远大于常规水驱(一次注水→注驱油剂驱→二次注水)的采收率。

吐哈油田深层致密砂岩气藏体积压裂技术应用

吐哈油田台北凹陷丘东洼陷深层致密砂岩油(气)藏储层埋藏深、中-强水敏、低孔-特低渗、非均质性强等特点,储层地层温度高(140~150℃),前期试油常规压裂工艺措施效果差,无法经济动用。随着油田上产,开展了吐哈油田台北凹陷丘东洼陷深层致密砂岩油(气)藏水平井体积压裂技术攻关,通过岩性评价、地应力分析、压裂液体系及支撑剂组合等方面进行精细研究并开展现场应用,形成了区块压裂主体工艺路线,有效解决了区块深层致密砂岩油气藏无法动用技术难题,为油田上产提供了有力技术支撑。

基于多关键井平均曲线标准化方案的致密砂岩渗透率精确计算

X地区致密砂岩储层地质条件复杂,纵横向非均质性强;测井资料采集时间跨度大、标准化程度低;储层参数影响因素复杂,导致孔隙度、渗透率的计算精度低。为此提出一种多关键井平均、双标准层控制、趋势面法与直方图法相互验证的测井曲线标准化方案,系统解决单一标准层存在的相变、缺失、非均质性、特征值异常等一系列问题,标准化后孔隙度计算精度显著提高。在此基础上,基于流体流动单元储层分类理论,确立储层分类标准,构建基于流体流动单元的分类渗透率精确计算模型。利用多元线性回归方法建立测井曲线表征的流体流动单元计算模型,实现储层分类和渗透率计算的连续、定量评价。提出的标准化方案可提高测井曲线标准化的稳定性、适应性和可靠性,为储层分类及参数计算提供坚实的数据基础。该方法为该地区致密储层精细评价提供有力的技术支持,具有重要的应用和推广价值。

砂岩储层应力敏感性及其对单井产能的影响——以四川盆地JQ气田为例

近年来,四川盆地JQ气田致密砂岩储层展现出良好的勘探开发潜力。然而,在油气藏开发实践过程中,致密砂岩储层岩石存在应力敏感伤害,将影响气井产能。为了明确储层岩石应力敏感性及其对单井产能的影响,助力气藏的高效开发,针对四川盆地JQ气田中侏罗统沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层,在地层温度下开展变围压和变回压两种方式应力敏感性评价实验。结果表明:①变围压方式下储层岩石渗透率损失率在78.83%~95.85%,应力敏感普遍偏强。②变回压方式下储层岩石渗透率损失率在1.48%~64.02%,渗透率较低的样品,应力敏感表现为无~弱;渗透性越好,应力敏感越强。③6号砂体的应力敏感比8号砂体强。④应力敏感对气井产能有较为严重的影响,产量由1.75×10^(4)m^(3)/d降至0.17×10^(4)m^(3)/d,升降出口压力次数越多,获得的产量越低。因此,在制订生产措施时,渗透能力好的储层或压裂改造后的储层应选择合适的生产压差,防止在过高的生产压差下,喉道、裂缝提前闭合,尽可能降低应力敏感程度,提高单井产能和采收率,保障致密砂岩气藏的长期稳产。

致密油有效储层物性下限的确定——以高尚堡油田G区块Es_(3)^(3)Ⅴ油组为例

致密油有效储层物性下限是划分储层、确定有效厚度、合理开展储量计算的重要参数。高尚堡油田G区块Es_(3)^(3)Ⅴ油组为近源准连续致密砂岩油藏,储层物性参数的不确定性给后续开发工作和钻采工艺技术的应用带来困难。基于区块岩心分析和生产测试资料,采用含油产状法、经验统计法、孔渗关系法、最小流动孔喉半径法和压汞参数法等五种方法,并通过相渗实验、试油投产结果进行验证,确定了区内储层的物性下限孔隙度为7.7%、渗透率为0.16×10^(-3)μm^(2)。研究成果可为高尚堡油田致密油有效储层的产能计算、储层评价以及开发选层提供依据。