Influence of specific speed on hydraulic performances and pressure fluctuations in mixed-flow pumps

A series of steady and unsteady numerical calculations of the internal flow in mixed-flow pumps with three different specific speeds were carried out based on the N-S equation coupled with the standard k-εturbulence model under different operating conditions to investigate the relationship between the impeller specific speed and the pump performance as well as pressure pulsations.Meanwhile,the pump performance and pressure pulsations inside the mixed-flow pump with three different specific speeds were also analyzed and compared with the corresponding test data.From the results,the averaged deviations between the predicted and tested head among different impellers are below 5%,and with respect to the equivalent impeller specific speeds of 280 and 260,the values are 4.30%and 3.69%,respectively.For all the impeller schemes,the best efficiency point of the mixed-flow pump is found at the flow rate of 1.2 Q_(d) and the higher head deviation occurs at lower flow rates.Especially,it can be found that the specific speed has a slight effect on the pressure fluctuation in the impellers.Eventually,it is determined that the pump performance curves calculated by numerical simu-lations have good agreement with the relevant experimental results,which verifies that the numerical methods used in the present study are accurate to a certain extent.Furthermore,the results also provide some references to the pressure pulsation analysis and the performance improvement of the mixed-flow pump design.

Blade optimization design and performance investigations of an ultra-low specific speed centrifugal blower

The ultra-low specific speed centrifugal blower is widely used in energy industries due to its features such as low flow rate,high pressure and low manufacturing cost. However,the width-to-diameter ratio of the above blower becomes relatively small to satisfy the needed operation condition and its performances are considerably degraded as a result of relatively high leakage,disc friction and passage friction loss consequently. The purpose of this paper is to improve its performance through the optimization design of the blade’s profile properly. Based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and hierarchical fair competition genetic algorithms with dynamic niche (HFCDN-GAs),the optimization design approach is established. By conjoining Bezier parameterization and FINE/TURBO solver,the optimized blade is designed by adjusting the profile gradually. An industrial ultra-low specific speed centrifugal blower with parallel hub and shroud has been selected as a reference case for optimization design. The performance investigations of the centrifugal blowers with different types of blades are conducted. The conclusions of the performance improvement of the optimized blade provide positive evidences in the application of the optimization design of the above blower blade.

Statistical analysis of pressure fluctuations during unsteady flow for low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps

A three-dimensional transient numerical simulation was conducted to study the pressure fluctuations in low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps. The characteristics of the inner flow were investigated using the SST k–ω turbulence model. The distributions of pressure fluctuations in the impeller and the volute were recorded, and the pressure fluctuation intensity was analyzed comprehensively, at the design condition, using statistical methods. The results show that the pressure fluctuation intensity increases along the impeller streamline from the leading edge to the trailing edge. In the impeller passage, the intensity near the shroud is much higher than that near the hub at the inlet. However, the intensity at the middle passage is almost equal to the intensity at the outlet. The pressure fluctuation intensity is the highest at the trailing edge on the pressure side and near the tongue because of the rotor–stator interaction. The distribution of pressure fluctuation intensity is symmetrical in the axial cross sections of the volute channel. However, this intensity decreases with increasing radial distance. Hence, the pressure fluctuation intensity can be reduced by modifying the geometry of the leading edge in the impeller and the tongue in the volute.

Optimization on the Impeller of a Low-specific-speed Centrifugal Pump for Hydraulic Performance Improvement

In order to widen the high-efficiency operating range of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, an optimization process for considering efficiencies under 1.0Qd and 1.4Qd is proposed. Three parameters, namely, the blade outlet width b2, blade outlet angle β2, and blade wrap angle φ, are selected as design variables. Impellers are generated using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method. The pump efficiencies are calculated using the software CFX 14.5 at two operating points selected as objectives. Surrogate models are also constructed to analyze the relationship between the objectives and the design variables. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the surrogate model to determine the best combination of the impeller parameters. The results show that the performance curve predicted by numerical simulation has a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the efficiencies of the original impeller, the hydraulic efficiencies of the optimized impeller are increased by 4.18% and 0.62% under 1.0Qd and 1.4Qd, respectively. The comparison of inner flow between the original pump and optimized one illustrates the improvement of performance. The optimization process can provide a useful reference on performance improvement of other pumps, even on reduction of pressure fluctuations.

Specific Relationship between the Surface Air Temperature and the Area of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya,Antarctica

Antarctic polynyas play an important role in regional atmosphere?ice?ocean interactions and are considered to help generate the global deep ocean conveyer belt.Polynyas therefore have a potential impact on the Earth’s climate in terms of the production of sea ice and high-salinity shelf water.In this study,we investigated the relationship between the area of the Terra Nova Bay polynya and the air temperature as well as the eastward and northward wind based on the ERA5 and ERAInterim reanalysis datasets and observations from automatic weather stations during the polar night.We examined the correlation between each factor and the polynya area under different temperature conditions.Previous studies have focused more on the effect of winds on the polynya,but the relationship between air temperature and the polynya area has not been fully investigated.Our study shows,eliminating the influence of winds,lower air temperature has a stronger positive correlation with the polynya area.The results show that the relationship between the polynya area and air temperature is more likely to be interactively influenced.As temperature drops,the relationship of the polynya area with air temperature becomes closer with increasing correlation coefficients.In the low temperature conditions,the correlation coefficients of the polynya area with air temperature are above 0.5,larger than that with the wind speed.

Measurement of the spatial specific impulse distribution due to buried high explosive charge detonation

Buried high explosive(HE) charges represent a high threat to military vehicles. The detonation of these charges can lead to significant momentum transfer onto vehicles and their occupants. A detailed understanding of the physical processes involved in the loading of vehicle structures is necessary for an optimization of effective countermeasures and protection systems. A quantitative description of the local momentum distribution on the vehicle underbody due to the detonation process is of special importance. In the following, a new test setup is presented that allows the experimental determination of the specific impulse distribution. It is based on a ring arrangement where the elements are nested into each other and the velocity of each ring is correlated with the local specific impulse at its position.The momentum transfer to a vehicle depends on a number of influencing factors such as: charge mass,embedding material(e.g. sand, gravel, clay), density, water content, saturation, depth of burial, ground clearance and vehicle shape. The presented technology is applied to quantify the influence of the embedding material(alluvial sand, quartz sand), the burial depth and the water content on the local specific impulse distribution. The obtained data can be used as initial condition for the numerical simulation of occupant safety assessment and as input for empirical modeling of momentum transfer on structures.

抽水蓄能电站单机容量与机组转速选择

通过分析国内外已建抽水蓄能电站机组主要技术参数,研究抽蓄电站定转速混流式水泵水轮机水头与单机容量、参数水平的关系,提出了不同水头段抽水蓄能电站单机容量和比速系数选择原则,推荐了合适的机组额定转速范围,可提高抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机选型设计的工作效率和成果质量。

叶顶间隙对低比转数小流量泵性能的影响

为建立叶顶间隙对低比转速小流量泵性能的影响关系,采用数值计算的方法,以叶顶间隙宽s和叶轮出口宽b的比值(s/b)表征间隙大小,对不同间隙下泵的性能展开对比分析。分析发现,随着间隙的增加,泵的扬程和效率均逐渐降低,最大和最小间隙下的扬程和效率差分别达15.4%,5.5%。当间隙较小即s/b<0.2时,扬程曲线在小流量工况会出现不稳定的“驼峰”现象,在s/b>0.3后,设计工况附近效率的降幅显著增大。从流动特性来看,随着叶顶间隙的增大,间隙泄漏流对叶轮内主流区影响加剧,会诱导严重的二次流和旋涡的产生,同时间隙内不稳定流动也会产生能量损失,造成扬程和效率下降。为低比转数小流量泵的设计与优化提供借鉴意义。

复合叶轮出口角及分流叶片偏置对高速燃油泵性能的影响研究

为研究叶轮出口角以及分流叶片布置方式对高速超低比转速燃油泵扬程和效率的影响规律,选取复合叶轮的4个因素,叶片出口角β_(2)、叶片数z、分流叶片周向偏置度θ和偏转角α,基于正交试验设计法设计16组不同参数及结构的复合叶轮,对正交试验结果进行极差分析后得出各因素对扬程和效率的影响规律以及主次顺序,并最终得到高速燃油泵复合叶轮的最佳设计方案。其次,基于CFD数值模拟对常规无分流叶片设计方案与最佳设计方案进行外特性及流场分析,结果表明:最佳方案的扬程和效率在整个模拟工况内均有所提升,其中在实际工况Q为0.5 m~3/h下扬程较常规方案提高了10.4%,效率提高了4.8%。除此之外,最佳方案实际工况下的内流场压力分布与速度分布更加均匀,有效削弱了叶轮流道内的大尺度旋涡以及间隙泄漏对主流的干扰作用。

采用分组模型的高比转速离心风机改进设计

为了提升某高比转速离心风机的气动性能,采用分组设计的方法,结合试验和数值模拟依次对原始风机的叶轮、蜗壳和集流器进行了改进设计。结果表明:叶轮前盘型线对高比转速离心风机的气动性能影响较大,仅对叶轮前盘型线改进设计后,风机的全压和效率分别提升了9.64%和8.91%;双圆弧叶片相较于单圆弧叶片具有更高的设计自由度,可实现对叶轮内部流动更加精细的控制,当双圆弧叶片的相对半径系数和相对叶片角系数分别取0.7和0.3时,全压效率值为87.43%;经过分组改进设计后的风机在设计工况下的全压和全压效率较原始风机分别提升了17.84%和12.79%,最高效率值为88.58%,内部流场得到优化,流动损失明显减小,性能得到全面提升。采用分组模型的改进设计方法可以有效地提升离心风机的气动性能,具有实际工程应用价值。

高水头电站水轮机泥沙磨损评估及抗磨蚀综合措施

对于高水头电站,泥沙磨损的影响在水轮机的设计和参数选择中是一个不可忽视的问题。以科哈拉水电站为例,根据电站的泥沙特性,对水轮机的泥沙磨损进行试验和评估。从水轮机参数选择、水力设计、结构及工艺、材料及表面防护、调度运行等方面提出了针对性的抗泥沙磨蚀综合措施。研究内容可为其他高水头电站水轮机抗磨蚀方案的设计提供参考。

宽幅高速精密挠性辊筒磨削工艺和动平衡方法的研究

随着人造板装备技术的成熟,客户对人造板的板面要求逐渐提高,砂磨机作为板面加工的最后一段工序,对板面的质量影响至关重要,而砂磨机运行的质量主要靠砂架辊筒的加工精度来保证,如何提高辊筒的加工质量,数控轧辊磨和挠性动平衡机是不可缺少的两种重要生产设备,磨削和动平衡工艺同等重要。

超高比转速离心泵的高效设计

为研究叶轮结构参数对提升n_(s)在300~450间的超高比转速离心泵设计点效率的影响,以某超高比转速单级单吸立式离心泵为研究对象,选取叶轮出口宽度b_(2)、叶片进口安放角β_(1)、叶片出口安放角β_(2)和叶片包角φ为试验因素,建立L_(9)(4~3)正交试验方案,在0.9Q_(n)~1.1Q_(n)工况内对各方案模型进行数值计算,分析各因素对泵水力性能影响的主次顺序,进而得到叶轮结构尺寸的最佳参数组合。按照最佳尺寸优化叶轮,将优化后的泵外特性试验结果与原型进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)高效设计时超高比转速离心泵叶轮结构参数对效率影响的主次顺序为φ→b_(2)→β_(2)→β_(1),影响水力性能的主要因素为φ,以便指导超高比转速离心泵的高效设计;(2)确定了高效设计时叶轮结构参数的最优水平组合;(3)优化后泵设计点效率较原型提高约4.2%,高效区扩宽至0.75Q_(n)~1.1Q_(n)工况,效率整体提升2.5%以上;(4) 0.75Q_(n)~1.2Q_(n)工况优化后泵轴功率与原型相比降低5.8%~15.8%,利于节能减排。

高速铁路联调联试工务数据管理与应用

以提升高速铁路联调联试工务专业试验数据归集、处理、分析自动化和智能化水平为目的,开展联调联试工务数据管理与应用技术研究,制定联调联试数据接口规范,研究提出试验数据综合分析应用系统功能设计、技术架构与部署方案。系统接入轨道、道岔、桥梁、隧道、路基等工务专业联调联试数据,实现数据集中管理和信息共享,提升了试验数据管理水平。基于历年试验数据,开展数据挖掘与智能分析,提供试验数据异常值判识、多维综合分析、试验报告自动生成等功能。

PDC高速切削水泥塞机理研究

针对连续管在钻井作业时因钻压高、转速低导致钻头磨损严重和钻磨水泥塞效果不佳的问题,基于弹塑性力学和岩石力学,以Drucker-Prager准则作为固井水泥强度准则,通过单轴和三轴试验得到固井水泥弹性模量、泊松比、内黏聚力和内摩擦角等参数,建立固井水泥本构模型,并用ABAQUS软件建立高速切削水泥塞二维有限元模型,在此基础上分析了倾角、切削深度和切削速度对破碎比功的影响。研究结果表明:高速下切削水泥塞产生细小且均匀的碎屑,较低的速度切削水泥塞产生块状或者带状的碎屑;倾角(5°~25°)和切削深度(1.0~2.5 mm)与破碎比功呈正相关,而破碎比功随切削速度的增大而减小,当切削速度为2.26 m/s时破碎比功最小,破碎水泥塞的效率最高。研究结果可为PDC钻头切削水泥塞提供理论支撑。

Optimum cutting speed of block-cutting machines in natural stones for energy saving

Energy consumption of block-cutting machines represents a major cost item in the processing of travertines and other natural stones.Therefore,determining the optimum sawing conditions for a particular stone is of major importance in the natural stone-processing industry.An experimental study was carried out utilizing a fully instrumented block-cutter to investigate the sawing performances of five different types of travertine blocks during cutting with a circular diamond saw,The sawing tests were performed in the down-cutting mode,Performance measurements were determined by measuring the cutting speed and energy consumption.Then,specific energy was determined.The one main cutting parameter,cutting speed,was varied in the investigation of optimum cutting performance.Furthermore,some physico-mechanical properties of the travertine blocks were determined in the laboratory.As a result,it is found that the energy consumption(specific energy) of block cutting machines is highly affected by cutting speed.It is determined that specific energy value usually decreases when cutting speed increases.When the cutting speed is higher than the determined value,the diamond saw can become stuck in the travertine block;this situation can be a problem for the block-cutting machine,As a result,the optimum cutting speed obtained for the travertine mines examined is approximately 1.5-2.0 m/min.

Some Problems of Rails for High-speed Railway of China

According to running experience of high speed railway abroad, a full attention must be paid to some requirements of specification of rails for high speed railway, such as material mechanical properties, dimension tolerances, straightness, surface flatness and so on. It is suggested that the long length rails should be laid in high speed railway, and the feasibility of producing, welding and transporting of long length rails should be researched. On the basis of technical innovation of domestic manufacturers, it is practicable to lay 50-100 m long\|length homemade rails in high speed railway of China. The following welding programme of rails for high speed railway can be adop\| ted: 50-100 m long length rails can be welded as 500 m long rail string through flash butt welding in plant, then in field the rail string can be welded through a mobile flash butt welding or thermit welding. As the specification of rails for high speed railway is rigorous, some related techniques to long length rails should be researched and practised as soon as possible, including mobile flash butt welding technique, transporting and reinforcing techniques of long length rails, etc..

基于节理岩石的双刃滚刀贯入度和进给速度优化

为研究双刃滚刀对节理岩石的适用性,采用ABAQUS仿真软件对其破岩过程进行研究仿真。仿真过程中采用修正的Drucker-Prager岩石模型,研究双刃滚刀切入节理岩石的贯入度和进给速度等参数对切削过程中破岩效率的影响,通过岩石的破损量、最大塑性变形及破岩的比能耗等分析破岩结果。本文采用的岩石与节理的模型参数为节理间距70mm,节理厚度10mm,节理倾角为45°。研究结果表明:节理处破损情况较岩石更明显,最佳贯入度为12.5mm,最佳进给速度为250mm/s。该研究结果可以对节理岩石盾构施工中刀盘的转速和刀具侵入岩石深度参数设置提供参考。

面向中低速船的浸没式喷水推进技术

浸没式喷水推进方式是传统船舶喷水推进技术的新发展。文中针对该类喷水推进型式,从概念出发,系统分析了推进效率、装置与船体的相互影响、推进泵的比转速,首次建立了以船体与推进装置主要参数描述的比转速及喷水推进船进速系数的数学模型,论证其应用的航速与推进泵比转速范围,揭示其高效机理,并通过案例进行验证。该文掌握了装置主要参数随喷速比与转速的变化规律,为浸没式喷水推进装置的发展应用奠定了理论基础。

免疫荧光法检测生殖道病原体感染的临床研究

目的:分析免疫荧光法检测生殖道病原体感染的临床价值。方法:选取2021年7月—2023年1月惠州市第二妇幼保健院门诊就诊的100例已婚女性为研究对象,采集阴道分泌物标本,分别采用免疫荧光法检测、白带常规联合三种检查方法(一般细菌培养、阴道分泌物支原体培养、衣原体培养)检测。以Amsel检测法为诊断依据,比较两种检测方法对生殖道病原体感染的检出情况与诊断效能。结果:免疫荧光法与白带常规联合三种检查方法的生殖道病原体感染和总阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫荧光法特异度高于白带常规联合三种检查方法,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。免疫荧光法检测速度快于白带常规联合三种检查方法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:免疫荧光法检测阴道加德纳菌、沙眼衣原体、奈瑟氏淋球菌、支原体4种生殖道病原体感染的效果显著,具有特异度高、检验速度快的特点,易于操作,适合在妇产科门诊检查使用。