The output torque estimation of MCMG for agile satellites

Studied in this paper are the attitude control law design and the output torque estimation problem of micro control moment gyros （MCMGs） for the agile satellites executing rapid attitude maneuver mission. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the output torques and the gimbal angular rates of MCMGs, which can help engineers to choose reasonable size for actuators so that the cost of satellite can be decreased. According to some special maneuver missions, a numerical example of attitude control system for a small satellite with MCMGs in pyramid configuration is studied, and the simulation results validate the proposed estimation algorithm.

Improved algorithms to plan missions for agile earth observation satellites

This study concentrates of the new generation of the agile （AEOS）. AEOS is a key study object on management problems earth observation satellite in many countries because of its many advantages over non-agile satellites. Hence, the mission planning and scheduling of AEOS is a popular research problem. This research investigates AEOS characteristics and establishes a mission planning model based on the working principle and constraints of AEOS as per analysis. To solve the scheduling issue of AEOS, several improved algorithms are developed. Simulation results suggest that these algorithms are effective.

Real-time online rescheduling for multiple agile satellites with emergent tasks

The emergent task is a kind of uncertain event that satellite systems often encounter in the application process.In this paper,the multi-satellite distributed coordinating and scheduling problem considering emergent tasks is studied.Due to the limitation of onboard computational resources and time,common online onboard rescheduling methods for such problems usually adopt simple greedy methods,sacrificing the solution quality to deliver timely solutions.To better solve the problem,a new multi-satellite onboard scheduling and coordinating framework based on multi-solution integration is proposed.This method uses high computational power on the ground and generates multiple solutions,changing the complex onboard rescheduling problem to a solution selection problem.With this method,it is possible that little time is used to generate a solution that is as good as the solutions on the ground.We further propose several multi-satellite coordination methods based on the multi-agent Markov decision process(MMDP)and mixed-integer programming(MIP).These methods enable the satellite to make independent decisions and produce high-quality solutions.Compared with the traditional centralized scheduling method,the proposed distributed method reduces the cost of satellite communication and increases the response speed for emergent tasks.Extensive experiments show that the proposed multi-solution integration framework and the distributed coordinating strategies are efficient and effective for onboard scheduling considering emergent tasks.

A Large-Scale Scheduling Method for Multiple Agile Optical Satellites

This study investigates the scheduling problem ofmultiple agile optical satelliteswith large-scale tasks.This problem is difficult to solve owing to the time-dependent characteristic of agile optical satellites,complex constraints,and considerable solution space.To solve the problem,we propose a scheduling method based on an improved sine and cosine algorithm and a task merging approach.We first establish a scheduling model with task merging constraints and observation action constraints to describe the problem.Then,an improved sine and cosine algorithm is proposed to search for the optimal solution with the maximum profit ratio.An adaptive cosine factor and an adaptive greedy factor are adopted to improve the algorithm.Besides,a taskmerging method with a task reallocation mechanism is developed to improve the scheduling efficiency.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the comparison algorithms.

Mission Planning and Action Planning for Agile Earth-Observing Satellite with Genetic Algorithm

This paper concerns the mission scheduling problem for an agile Earth-observing satellite. Mission planning and action planning for the satellite are both taking into account. Multiple mission types( including multi-strip area,real time download request,and stereoscopic request) and complex satellite actions,such as observe action and data download action,are considered in this paper. Through reasonable analysis of specialties and operational constraints of agile satellites in observing process,the mission scheduling model under multiple objective conditions is constructed. A genetic algorithm combined with heuristic rules is designed to solve problem. Genetic algorithm is designed to arrange user missions and heuristic rules are used to arrange satellite actions. Experiment results suggest that our algorithm works well for the agile Earth-observing satellite scheduling problem.

Agile Satellite Mission Planning via Task Clustering and Double-Layer Tabu Algorithm

Satellite observation schedule is investigated in this paper.A mission planning algorithm of task clustering is proposed to improve the observation efficiency of agile satellite.The newly developed method can make the satellite observe more targets and therefore save observation resources.First,for the densely distributed target points,a preprocessing scheme based on task clustering is proposed.The target points are clustered according to the distance condition.Second,the local observation path is generated by Tabu algorithm in the inner layer of cluster regions.Third,considering the scatter and cluster sets,the global observation path is obtained by adopting Tabu algorithm in the outer layer.Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the task planning time of large-scale point targets while ensuring the optimal solution quality.

Attitude control for part actuator failure of agile small satellite

The stability and singularity problem of agile small satellite （ASS） with actuator failure is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the three-axis stabilized controller of an ASS is designed, where micro control moment gyros （MCMG＇s） in pyramid configuration （PC） is used as the actuator. By using the same controller and steering law, the control results before and after one gyro fails are compared by simulation. The variation of singular momentum envelope before and after one gyro fails is also compared. The simulation results show that the failure intensively decreases the capacity of output torque, which leads to the emergence of more singular points and the rapid saturation of MCMG＇s. Finally, the parameters of system controller are changed to compare the control effect.

Enabling Technologies for Agile Maritime Communication Networks

With the rapid development of maritime activities,there has been a growing demand for high data rate and ultra-reliable maritime communications.Traditionally,this is provided by maritime satellites.Besides,shore and island-based base stations(BSs)can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks providing the fourth-generation(4G)or even the fifth-generation(5G)services.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)-aided and ship-borne BSs can also be exploited to serve as relaying nodes in maritime mesh/ad-hoc networks.Despite all these approaches,there are still open issues towards the establishment of an agile maritime communication network(MCN).

A rapid method for validation and visualization of agile Earth-observation satellites scheduling

This paper describes a rapid method for validation and visualization of agile Earth-observation satellites scheduling.Benefited from the previous work,various algorithms are proposed for scheduling the observations of agile satellites.However,the satellite maneuvers are three-dimensional,this characteristic makes it difficult for the operation engineers to validate and interpret the scheduled solutions.They have to plot these attitude data to analyze different situations such as an observing phase or a slew maneuver.Finally,one tries to imagine the three-dimensional situations from many one-dimensional plots,which is time-consuming and susceptible to errors.Moreover,now it is low-efficiency to deal with the data about ephemeris,targets,etc.,because different software platforms are required.In this research,a validation and visualization method is suggested to overcome this barrier.It is successful to integrate the Satellite Tool Kit ActiveX and the C#programming language.Based on the embedded scheme,all the interaction and assessment can be visualized.Practical techniques for modelling satellite objects,sensor objects,target objects and satellite attitudes are presented.Such a method has been applied for Chinese agile satellites project,and a software interface has been developed.The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is intuitive and efficient.Note that this method is general,and thus it can be applied to other Earth observation missions.Enough details are provided for interested readers to develop the software interface.

面向重访周期需求的敏捷成像卫星任务规划方法

为满足敏捷成像星座观测目标的重访周期需求,提出一种混合编码差分进化算法.分析敏捷成像卫星的工作特点,构造评价重访周期需求满足情况的目标函数,建立成像任务约束满足模型.针对观测任务选择与否、执行顺序和成像时间的优化需求,提出一种二进制-实数混合编码差分进化算法,实现了成像任务在时间轴上的分布优化.通过工程实例进行仿真校验,仿真结果表明相比于基于二进制编码的遗传算法,本文算法在优化时间和优化效果方面都有较大优势.

可见红外一体化敏捷小卫星微振动抑制方法

随着光学遥感小卫星高分辨率、高集成度、高敏捷等需求提升,部分卫星同时配置可见红外一体化相机与控制力矩陀螺(control moment gyroscope,CMG),兼顾轻小型化与全天时、多目标、多模式成像要求。针对此类卫星存在CMG、红外相机制冷机等多个扰振源,且对于相机成像质量影响大、抑制难等挑战,对基于上述扰振源的微振动综合抑制方法进行了研究,包括设计、安装CMG隔振器、将红外相机制冷机压缩机与相机光机主体隔振安装,设计、安装阻尼桁架实现相机主体与卫星平台舱结构之间的隔振等。通过综合应用上述扰源减振、终端隔离等措施,经分析计算与整星微振动及在轨实际测试与验证,能够有效降低微振动对图像质量的影响,即使对于可见红外一体化相机,分辨率为亚米级的可见光通道在轨动态调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF)也能够达到0.1,微振动对可见相机MTF的影响因子可控制到0.991。

Agile Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Algorithm for Emergency Tasks Based on Multiple Strategies

During the execution of imaging tasks,satellites are often required to observe natural disasters,local wars,and other emergencies,which regularly interferes with the execution of existing schemes.Thus,rapid satellite scheduling is urgently needed.As a new generation of three degree-of-freedom(roll,pitch,and yaw)satellites,agile earth observation satellites(AEOSs)have longer variable-pitch visible time windows for ground targets and are capable of observing at any time within the time windows.Thus,they are very suitable for emergency tasks.However,current task scheduling models and algorithms ignore the time,storage and energy consumed by pitch.Thus,these cannot make full use of the AEOS capabilities to optimize the scheduling for emergency tasks.In this study,we present a fine scheduling model and algorithm to realize the AEOS scheduling for emergency tasks.First,a novel time window division method is proposed to convert a variable-pitch visible time window to multiple fixed-pitch visible time windows.Second,a model that considers flexible pitch and roll capabilities is designed.Finally,a scheduling algorithm based on merging insertion,direct insertion,shifting insertion,deleting insertion,and reinsertion strategies is proposed to solve conflicting problems quickly.To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm,48 groups of comparative experiments are carried out.The experimental results show that the model and algorithm can improve the emergency task completion efficiency of AEOSs and reduce the disturbance measure of the scheme.Furthermore,the proposed method can support hybrid satellite resource scheduling for emergency tasks.

一种面向在轨服务卫星地面应用系统的软件开发方法

为解决现有在轨服务卫星地面应用系统瀑布式软件开发模型灵活性差,难以适应用户需求变化等不足,通过利用敏捷开发模型的思路,设计了一种迭代式在轨服务卫星地面应用系统软件开发方法,将用户纳入到软件开发过程中,在各个研制阶段持续与用户进行需求迭代,完成业务软件的功能升级。结果表明:该方法可提升业务软件功能与用户需求的匹配程度,并为后续在轨服务卫星地面应用系统的建设提供参考。

光学遥感卫星精密敏捷成像控制技术综述

从控制的角度综述了多功能、高质量成像需求下,超稳定、超精确、超敏捷高分辨率光学遥感卫星精密敏捷控制的关键技术和研究进展。以卫星成像与姿态控制系统性能的关系为基础,从姿态机动能力与多功能成像、姿态确定精度与成像质量和姿态控制精度与成像质量三个方面论述了精密敏捷控制技术对光学遥感卫星成像的重要性。在此基础上,结合光学遥感卫星姿态控制系统的组成及原理,分析了影响姿态控制精度和姿态机动能力的主要因素,对高精度姿态确定、精密姿态控制和敏捷姿态控制三个关键技术方向进行了讨论和总结。最后,综合当前技术的发展趋势,围绕一体化成像控制的设计思想展望了精密敏捷控制技术未来的发展趋势,为实现高分辨率光学遥感卫星多功能、高质量成像控制提供了理论依据和工程参考。

面向动作序列的敏捷卫星任务规划问题

针对新一代敏捷卫星对地观测任务规划问题,考虑了直拍直传、立体成像、多条带拼接等复杂任务需求和观测、数据下传、对日定向等九种卫星动作,在任务规划的同时进行卫星动作规划。设计并实现了前瞻启发式构造算法,算法满足卫星存储、能量等复杂约束,在前瞻过程中每次决定当前任务是否安排。采用基于专家知识的多种启发式规则决定任务安排与安排卫星动作序列。仿真实例及实际工程应用表明,算法可以在很短的时间内给出较好的结果,证明了本文方法对于敏捷卫星任务规划问题的适用性。

基于Multi-Agent敏捷卫星动态任务规划问题

在分析敏捷卫星的特点和卫星多用户需求的基础上,针对敏捷卫星任务规划问题,基于Multi-Agent理论构建了任务分配模型;针对敏捷卫星任务规划初始方案调度中卫星资源失效的情况给出了敏捷卫星动态任务重调度模型;在此基础上,提出了基于诚信机制的可解约合同网任务分配方法,设计了招投标机制、可解约合同网协议以及招投标、评标策略;以敏捷卫星任务规划调度问题为例通过实验获得了满意的结果,表明了模型的合理性以及算法的有效性。

北京三号卫星自主任务规划设计与在轨应用

北京三号卫星是2021年6月发射的一颗具备智能化、超高敏捷、动中成像等特征的新型敏捷遥感卫星,自主任务规划作为其一项创新性技术,显著提升了卫星的好用易用性和智能化水平.本文介绍了北京三号卫星的运行模式和载荷工作模式;详细阐述了自主任务规划的设计,包括梳理了任务规划的核心功能与关键技术指标,提出了基于国产DSP处理器的自主任务规划硬件系统设计,设计了从地面原始任务信息上注到星上规划各分系统元任务块输出的自主任务规划完整信息流,并详细介绍了自主任务规划软件的各个功能模块及其实现方法;最后,总结了过去一年北京三号卫星自主任务规划在轨测试与应用情况,规划快速、准确、协调,其稳定优异的表现证明了设计的合理性和有效性.

基于自适应高斯伪谱法的SGCMG无奇异框架角轨迹规划

针对采用SGCMG作为姿态执行机构的小卫星,在大角度机动过程中SGCMG系统易陷入奇异的问题,提出了一种基于自适应Gauss伪谱法的SGCMG无奇异框架角轨迹快速规划方法。该算法综合考虑到实际工程应用中存在的SGCMG框架角受限、框架角速度受限,奇异量度受限,星体机动角速度受限以及星体初始和终端状态受限等约束条件,将卫星大角度机动问题看成满足上述一系列约束条件和边界条件同时实现某一性能指标最优的最优控制问题。然后,结合自适应高斯伪谱法与非线性规划技术,求解带有边界约束与路径约束的最优化问题,获得实现性能指标最优的无奇异SGCMG系统轨迹。仿真结果表明:该算法能够在25s的时间内给出顺利实现大角度机动并满足所有约束条件,同时近似精度优于10-3的高精度平滑轨迹。

敏捷小卫星对地凝视姿态跟踪控制

研究了基于双框架控制力矩陀螺(DGCMG)的敏捷小卫星对地凝视成像过程中的姿态跟踪控制。首先,根据敏捷小卫星的特点和凝视成像任务需求设计执行机构配置方案。然后,根据轨道信息计算地面凝视目标的相对姿态和角速度;为避免控制力矩陀螺(CMG)奇异性的影响,同时设计了适当的控制律和操纵律。最后,通过在"试验三号卫星"的姿态轨道控制系统仿真平台上增加凝视成像任务需求并调整执行机构配置,建立敏捷小卫星姿态控制系统,对文中设计的方案和控制方法进行了数学仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该算法简单有效,能够实现敏捷小卫星对地凝视姿态跟踪,同时给出了DGCMG能够输出的最小框架角速率指标决定了姿态跟踪精度的结论。

基于分解优化策略的多敏捷卫星联合对地观测调度

多敏捷对地观测卫星联合对地观测调度问题是一个具有长时间窗、多时间窗等复杂约束的组合优化问题。为了解决该问题,提出将原问题分解为任务资源匹配及单星任务处理两个子问题的分解优化思路。设计了学习型遗传算法解决任务资源匹配子问题,算法中的知识模型在算法迭代过程中学习和提取知识,反馈并引导算法对任务资源匹配的搜索寻优过程。采用后移滑动策略及最优插入位置搜索策略解决单星任务处理子问题,并采用基于规则的方式处理其他约束。实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。