Research on the Control Strategy of Micro Wind-Hydrogen Coupled System Based on Wind Power Prediction and Hydrogen Storage System Charging/Discharging Regulation

This paper addresses the micro wind-hydrogen coupled system,aiming to improve the power tracking capability of micro wind farms,the regulation capability of hydrogen storage systems,and to mitigate the volatility of wind power generation.A predictive control strategy for the micro wind-hydrogen coupled system is proposed based on the ultra-short-term wind power prediction,the hydrogen storage state division interval,and the daily scheduled output of wind power generation.The control strategy maximizes the power tracking capability,the regulation capability of the hydrogen storage system,and the fluctuation of the joint output of the wind-hydrogen coupled system as the objective functions,and adaptively optimizes the control coefficients of the hydrogen storage interval and the output parameters of the system by the combined sigmoid function and particle swarm algorithm(sigmoid-PSO).Compared with the real-time control strategy,the proposed predictive control strategy can significantly improve the output tracking capability of the wind-hydrogen coupling system,minimize the gap between the actual output and the predicted output,significantly enhance the regulation capability of the hydrogen storage system,and mitigate the power output fluctuation of the wind-hydrogen integrated system,which has a broad practical application prospect.

Short‐time wind speed prediction based on Legendre multi‐wavelet neural network

As one of the most widespread renewable energy sources,wind energy is now an important part of the power system.Accurate and appropriate wind speed forecasting has an essential impact on wind energy utilisation.However,due to the stochastic and un-certain nature of wind energy,more accurate forecasting is necessary for its more stable and safer utilisation.This paper proposes a Legendre multiwavelet‐based neural network model for non‐linear wind speed prediction.It combines the excellent properties of Legendre multi‐wavelets with the self‐learning capability of neural networks,which has rigorous mathematical theory support.It learns input‐output data pairs and shares weights within divided subintervals,which can greatly reduce computing costs.We explore the effectiveness of Legendre multi‐wavelets as an activation function.Mean-while,it is successfully being applied to wind speed prediction.In addition,the appli-cation of Legendre multi‐wavelet neural networks in a hybrid model in decomposition‐reconstruction mode to wind speed prediction problems is also discussed.Numerical results on real data sets show that the proposed model is able to achieve optimal per-formance and high prediction accuracy.In particular,the model shows a more stable performance in multi‐step prediction,illustrating its superiority.

Wind Speed Prediction Using Chicken Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning Model

High precision and reliable wind speed forecasting have become a challenge for meteorologists.Convective events,namely,strong winds,thunderstorms,and tornadoes,along with large hail,are natural calamities that disturb daily life.For accurate prediction of wind speed and overcoming its uncertainty of change,several prediction approaches have been presented over the last few decades.As wind speed series have higher volatility and nonlinearity,it is urgent to present cutting-edge artificial intelligence(AI)technology.In this aspect,this paper presents an intelligent wind speed prediction using chicken swarm optimization with the hybrid deep learning(IWSP-CSODL)method.The presented IWSP-CSODL model estimates the wind speed using a hybrid deep learning and hyperparameter optimizer.In the presented IWSP-CSODL model,the prediction process is performed via a convolutional neural network(CNN)based long short-term memory with autoencoder(CBLSTMAE)model.To optimally modify the hyperparameters related to the CBLSTMAE model,the chicken swarm optimization(CSO)algorithm is utilized and thereby reduces the mean square error(MSE).The experimental validation of the IWSP-CSODL model is tested using wind series data under three distinct scenarios.The comparative study pointed out the better outcomes of the IWSP-CSODL model over other recent wind speed prediction models.

Prediction of Wind Speed Using a Hybrid Regression-Optimization Approach

Predicting wind speed is a complex task that involves analyzing various meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and topography. There are different approaches that can be used to predict wind speed, and a hybrid optimization approach is one of them. In this paper, the hybrid optimization approach combines a multiple linear regression approach with an optimization technique to achieve better results. In the context of wind speed prediction, this hybrid optimization approach can be used to improve the accuracy of existing prediction models. Here, a Grey Wolf Optimizer based Wind Speed Prediction (GWO-WSP) method is proposed. This approach is tested on the 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 Raw Data files from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratories and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (GLERL-NOAA) Chicago Metadata Archive. The test results show that the implementation is successful and the approach yields accurate and feasible results. The computation time for execution of the algorithm is also superior compared to the existing methods in literature.

Performance of the CMA-GD Model in Predicting Wind Speed at Wind Farms in Hubei, China

This study assesses the predictive capabilities of the CMA-GD model for wind speed prediction in two wind farms located in Hubei Province,China.The observed wind speeds at the height of 70m in wind turbines of two wind farms in Suizhou serve as the actual observation data for comparison and testing.At the same time,the wind speed predicted by the EC model is also included for comparative analysis.The results indicate that the CMA-GD model performs better than the EC model in Wind Farm A.The CMA-GD model exhibits a monthly average correlation coefficient of 0.56,root mean square error of 2.72 m s^(-1),and average absolute error of 2.11 m s^(-1).In contrast,the EC model shows a monthly average correlation coefficient of 0.51,root mean square error of 2.83 m s^(-1),and average absolute error of 2.21 m s^(-1).Conversely,in Wind Farm B,the EC model outperforms the CMA-GD model.The CMA-GD model achieves a monthly average correlation coefficient of 0.55,root mean square error of 2.61 m s^(-1),and average absolute error of 2.13 m s^(-1).By contrast,the EC model displays a monthly average correlation coefficient of 0.63,root mean square error of 2.04 m s^(-1),and average absolute error of 1.67 m s^(-1).

Short-term Wind Speed Prediction with a Two-layer Attention-based LSTM

Wind speed prediction is of great importance because it affects the efficiency and stability of power systems with a high proportion of wind power.Temporal-spatial wind speed features contain rich information;however,their use to predict wind speed remains one of the most challenging and less studied areas.This paper investigates the problem of predicting wind speeds for multiple sites using temporal and spatial features and proposes a novel two-layer attentionbased long short-term memory(LSTM),termed 2Attn-LSTM,a unified framework of encoder and decoder mechanisms to handle temporal-spatial wind speed data.To eliminate the unevenness of the original wind speed,we initially decompose the preprocessing data into IMF components by variational mode decomposition(VMD).Then,it encodes the spatial features of IMF components at the bottom of the model and decodes the temporal features to obtain each component's predicted value on the second layer.Finally,we obtain the ultimate prediction value after denormalization and superposition.We have performed extensive experiments for short-term predictions on real-world data,demonstrating that 2Attn-LSTM outperforms the four baseline methods.It is worth pointing out that the presented 2Atts-LSTM is a general model suitable for other spatial-temporal features.

Functional-type Single-input-rule-modules Connected Neural Fuzzy System for Wind Speed Prediction

Wind is one kind of clean and free renewable energy sources. Wind speed plays a pivotal role in the wind power output. However, due to the random and unstable nature of the wind, accurate prediction of wind speed is a particularly challenging task. This paper presents a novel neural fuzzy method for the hourly wind speed prediction. Firstly, a neural structure is proposed for the functional-type single-input-rule-modules(FSIRMs) connected fuzzy inference system(FIS) to combine the merits of both the FSIRMs connected FIS and the neural network. Then, in order to achieve both the smallest training errors and the smallest parameters, a least square method based parameter learning algorithm is presented for the proposed FSIRMs connected neural fuzzy system(FSIRMNFS). Further,the proposed FSIRMNFS and its parameter learning algorithm are applied to the hourly wind speed prediction. Experiments and comparisons are also made to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach. Experimental results verified that our study has presented an effective approach for the hourly wind speed prediction. The proposed approach can also be used for the prediction of wind direction, wind power and some other prediction applications in the research field of renewable energy.

Spatio-Temporal Wind Speed Prediction Based on Variational Mode Decomposition

Improving short-term wind speed prediction accuracy and stability remains a challenge for wind forecasting researchers.This paper proposes a new variational mode decomposition(VMD)-attention-based spatio-temporal network(VASTN)method that takes advantage of both temporal and spatial correlations of wind speed.First,VASTN is a hybrid wind speed prediction model that combines VMD,squeeze-and-excitation network(SENet),and attention mechanism(AM)-based bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM).VASTN initially employs VMD to decompose the wind speed matrix into a series of intrinsic mode functions(IMF).Then,to extract the spatial features at the bottom of the model,each IMF employs an improved convolutional neural network algorithm based on channel AM,also known as SENet.Second,it combines BiLSTM and AM at the top layer to extract aggregated spatial features and capture temporal dependencies.Finally,VASTN accumulates the predictions of each IMF to obtain the predicted wind speed.This method employs VMD to reduce the randomness and instability of the original data before employing AM to improve prediction accuracy through mapping weight and parameter learning.Experimental results on real-world data demonstrate VASTN’s superiority over previous related algorithms.

Wind Speed Short-Term Prediction Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform, Recurrent Neural Network and Error Correction

Predicting wind speed accurately is essential to ensure the stability of the wind power system and improve the utilization rate of wind energy.However,owing to the stochastic and intermittent of wind speed,predicting wind speed accurately is difficult.A new hybrid deep learning model based on empirical wavelet transform,recurrent neural network and error correction for short-term wind speed prediction is proposed in this paper.The empirical wavelet transformation is applied to decompose the original wind speed series.The long short term memory network and the Elman neural network are adopted to predict low-frequency and high-frequency wind speed sub-layers respectively to balance the calculation efficiency and prediction accuracy.The error correction strategy based on deep long short term memory network is developed to modify the prediction errors.Four actual wind speed series are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.The empirical results indicate that the method proposed in this paper has satisfactory performance in wind speed prediction.

Bootstrapped Multi-Model Neural-Network Super-Ensembles for Wind Speed and Power Forecasting

The bootstrap resampling method is applied to an ensemble artificial neural network (ANN) approach (which combines machine learning with physical data obtained from a numerical weather prediction model) to provide a multi-ANN model super-ensemble for application to multi-step-ahead forecasting of wind speed and of the associated power generated from a wind turbine. A statistical combination of the individual forecasts from the various ANNs of the super-ensemble is used to construct the best deterministic forecast, as well as the prediction uncertainty interval associated with this forecast. The bootstrapped neural-network methodology is validated using measured wind speed and power data acquired from a wind turbine in an operational wind farm located in northern China.

Improvement of Rainfall Prediction Model by Using Fuzzy Logic

This paper presents the improvement of the fuzzy inference model for predicting rainfall. Fuzzy rule based system is used in this study to predict rainfall. Fuzzy inference is the actual procedure of mapping with a given set of input and output through a set of fuzzy systems. Two operations were performed on the fuzzy logic model;the fuzzification operation and defuzzification operation. This study is obtaining two input variables and one output variable. The input variables are temperature and wind speed at a particular time and output variable is the amount of predictable rainfall. Temperature, wind speed and rainfall have to construct eight equations for different categories and which are shows the diagram of the graph. Fuzzy levels and membership functions obtained after minimum composition of inference part of the fuzzifications done for temperature and wind speed are considered as they represent the environmental condition enhance a rainfall occurrence which is effect on agricultural production.

Improved deep mixed kernel randomized network for wind speed prediction

Forecasting wind speed is an extremely complicated and challenging problem due to its chaotic nature and its dependence on several atmospheric conditions.Although there are several intelligent techniques in the literature for wind speed prediction,their accuracies are not yet very reliable.Therefore,in this paper,a new hybrid intelligent technique named the deep mixed kernel random vector functional-link network auto-encoder(AE)is proposed for wind speed prediction.The proposed method eliminates manual tuning of hidden nodes with random weights and biases,providing prediction model generalization and representation learning.This reduces reconstruction error due to the exact inversion of the kernel matrix,unlike the pseudo-inverse in a random vector functional-link network,and short-ens the execution time.Furthermore,the presence of a direct link from the input to the output reduces the complexity of the prediction model and improves the prediction accuracy.The kernel parameters and coefficients of the mixed kernel system are optimized using a new chaotic sine–cosine Levy flight optimization technique.The lowest errors in terms of mean absolute error(0.4139),mean absolute percentage error(4.0081),root mean square error(0.4843),standard deviation error(1.1431)and index of agreement(0.9733)prove the efficiency of the proposed model in comparison with other deep learning models such as deep AEs,deep kernel extreme learning ma-chine AEs,deep kernel random vector functional-link network AEs,benchmark models such as least square support vector machine,autoregressive integrated moving average,extreme learning machines and their hybrid models along with different state-of-the-art methods.

基于混合分解和PCG-BiLSTM的风速短期预测

为降低风速的随机性对风力发电的影响,提高风速短期预测的精准度,提出一种基于混合分解、双通道输入、多分支PCG-BiLSTM深度学习模型的短期风速预测方法。首先,将全年风速数据分为春、夏、秋、冬4个季度,选取春季作为主要实验对象;其次,利用奇异谱分解(SSD)和变分模态分解(VMD)以降低原始春季风速数据复杂度,生成具有不同模态且复杂度低的子分量,两种不同模式子分量组合为混合分量,实现不同模式分解算法的优势互补;最后,将混合分量以双通道的形式输入到多分支PCG-BiLSTM深度学习模型中,其模型的每个分支由卷积神经网络(CNN)与门控循环单元(GRU)并联组成时空特征提取模块,用于提取两种分解分量组合的混合分量的时空特征,各分支提取对应混合分量的时空特征经聚合后再由双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)进一步提取风速信号的正向和反向双向波动规律,进而得到最终的风速预测结果。多组实验结果表明:提出的组合预测方法在短期风速预测中具有较高的精度和泛化能力,优于其他传统预测方法。

基于灰狼算法和极限学习机的风速多步预测

为了提高风速的多步预测水平,提出了一种基于数据信号分解和灰狼算法优化极限学习机的混合预测模型。首先,使用具有自适应噪声的完全集成经验模态分解算法将原始风速时间序列分解为若干本征模态函数和一个残差序列,并使用偏自相关函数法对模型输入进行特征选择;其次,在分解子序列上分别建立模型并进行预测,构造多输入多输出策略的极限学习机神经网络,使用灰狼优化算法求解其中的最优化隐含层权值和偏置;最后,对子序列进行重构并得到最终的预测结果。使用时间分辨率为15 min的多组实测资料开展模拟实验,所提模型在3个风电场的均方根误差分别为0.859、0.925、0.927 m/s,均低于其他对比模型,验证了该模型在未来4 h风速预测即16步预测中的有效性。

基于改进经验模态分解和混合深度学习模型的风速预测

准确的风速预测对风电消纳和电力系统的稳定运行具有重要意义。提出将改进的自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)方法和混合深度学习模型相结合以提高风速预测准确性。首先,采用ICEEMDAN分解方法提取复杂风速序列中不同频率特征;其次,针对不同频率特征构建时间卷积网络(TCN)-门控循环单元神经网络(GRU)模型,获取长期时序信息并对各特征序列进行预测;最后,加权集成每个特征序列的预测值作为最终结果。实验结果表明,所提ICEEMDAN-TCN-GRU模型较对比模型模型预测精度高、稳定性强。

组合两步分解和ARIMA-LSTM的短期风速预测研究

为提高风速序列预测精度,提出一种基于两步分解的短期风速组合预测模型,首先使用鲁棒经验模态分解(REMD)将风速数据分解为不同频率的子序列,然后将REMD分解得到的高频模态分量使用小波包分解(WPD)进行第二步分解,降低风速序列不稳定性,提高其可预测性。其次对分解得到的高频子序列建立长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)预测模型,低频子序列建立差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)预测模型。最后叠加子序列预测结果得到风速预测结果。通过两组不同风速数据集的实验对该模型的性能进行科学评估,模型预测结果的平均绝对误差分别为0.3026、0.1255;均方根误差分别为0.498、0.1607。与其他几种对比预测模型相比,验证该模型具有一定的优越性。

基于误差修正和VMD-ICPA-LSSVM的短期风速预测建模

精准的风速预测是将风能大规模应用到电力系统中的关键,而风速序列的随机性和波动性等特点使得风速预测难度增加.为增强风速序列的可预测性,采用Logistic混沌映射策略、自适应参数调整策略以及引入变异策略对食肉植物算法(CPA)进行改进,并提出了基于误差修正和VMD-ICPA-LSSVM的短期风速预测模型.首先将气象因子作为最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的输入对风速进行预测,获得误差序列.再利用K-L散度自适应地确定变分模态分解(VMD)的参数,并对误差序列进行分解.结合改进食肉植物算法(ICPA)优化LSSVM可调参数的方法来预测分解的子序列.叠加各子序列预测结果后对原始预测序列进行误差修正,进而得到最终风速预测值.实验结果表明,与其他模型相比,所提模型有着更好的预测精度和泛化性能.

基于VMD-FE-SSA-SVR模型的超短期风速预测

为有效降低风速的非线性和无序性带来的风速预测难度,提高预测准确性,提出一种结合变分模态分解(VMD)、模糊熵(FE)、麻雀搜索算法(SSA)和支持向量回归(SVR)的组合预测模型来预测超短期风速。首先利用VMD技术将风速数据分解为若干模态分量,再通过FE方法对各分量进行筛选,将FE值相近的分量进行叠加,形成若干个新序列,然后采用经SSA优化过的SVR模型对新序列进行训练与预测,最后将各新序列的预测结果叠加,形成最终预测结果。通过不同模型验证对比,VMD-FE-SSA-SVR模型预测效果较好,表明所提模型显示出较好的预测精度与稳定性,可有效预测超短期风速。

基于CEEMDAN-SE-GWO-LSTM模型的短期风速预测

为了降低风速具有的非线性和随机性带来的预测难度,提高预测准确性,提出一种融合完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)、样本熵(SE)、灰狼优化算法(GWO)和长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的组合预测模型来预测短期风速。首先利用CEEMDAN将风速数据分解为若干模态分量,再通过样本熵对各分量进行筛选,将样本熵值相近的模态分量进行叠加,形成新的若干个子序列,然后对各子序列采用GWO-LSTM模型进行训练与预测,最后叠加子序列的预测结果。实验结果表明,所提CEEMDAN-SE-GWO-LSTM模型相对于单一的LSTM模型在均方根误差、平均绝对误差和平均相对误差这3个误差指标上分别降低了21.7%、44.5%和40.9%,因此该模型具有较好的预测精度与稳定性,可有效预测短期风速。

集合选优方法在短期风功率预测中的应用研究

为提高短期风速及功率预测的准确率,减小风电不确定性对电网系统的影响,尝试利用预测窗口期的风速观测进行数值天气预报的集合成员选优,挑选和实际风速更接近的相似预报成员,并构成选优集合进行机器学习模型的训练和测试。相较仅使用集合平均的常规方法,该方法考虑了不同集合成员之间的预报差异,避免了引入误差较大的集合成员,从而有利于改善预报风速偏差。利用不同海拔高度、不同地形特征的河南、甘肃两个风电场中不同集合的表现及敏感性试验结果,确定风电场最佳选优集合数量。相较于集合平均的结果,集合选优方案在不同天气过程中能较好地预报风速的起降,与实际风速更接近,且海平面气压场整体更接近ERA5。对不同风电场进行连续十一个月的风速及功率预测对比试验,结果表明,集合选优方法预报的风速日变化形态和月均风速较原集合平均方法均有改善。分析两个风场不同时长范围、不同速率变化的上坡风和下坡风观测数据可知,在0~2 h及2~4 h内,风速变化为2~4 m/s的个例最多。对比集合平均结果,集合选优方案对于该类型上、下坡风的预测精度均有较为明显的提升。利用机器学习算法对选优集合预报进行训练,能进一步降低风速的绝对偏差和均方根误差,从而有效改善功率预测精度。