Damage Mechanism of Ultra-thin Asphalt Overlay(UTAO) based on Discrete Element Method

Aiming to analyze the damage mechanism of UTAO from the perspective of meso-mechanical mechanism using discrete element method(DEM),we conducted study of diseases problems of UTAO in several provinces in China,and found that aggregate spalling was one of the main disease types of UTAO.A discrete element model of UTAO pavement structure was constructed to explore the meso-mechanical mechanism of UTAO damage under the influence of layer thickness,gradation,and bonding modulus.The experimental results show that,as the thickness of UTAO decreasing,the maximum value and the mean value of the contact force between all aggregate particles gradually increase,which leads to aggregates more prone to spalling.Compared with OGFC-5 UTAO,AC-5 UTAO presents smaller maximum and average values of all contact forces,and the loading pressure in AC-5 UTAO is fully diffused in the lateral direction.In addition,the increment of pavement modulus strengthens the overall force of aggregate particles inside UTAO,resulting in aggregate particles peeling off more easily.The increase of bonding modulus changes the position where the maximum value of the tangential force appears,whereas has no effect on the normal force.

Regulation of interlayer channels of graphene oxide nanosheets in ultra-thin Pebax mixed-matrix membranes for CO_(2) capture

For the application of carbon capture by membrane process,it is crucial to develop a highly permeable CO_(2)-selective membrane.In this work,we reported an ultra-thin polyether-block-amide(Pebax)mixedmatrix membranes(MMMs)incorporated by graphene oxide(GO),in which the interlayer channels were regulated to optimize the CO_(2)/N_(2) separation performance.Various membrane preparation conditions were systematically investigated on the influence of the membrane structure and separation performance,including the lateral size of GO nanosheets,GO loading,thermal reduction temperature,and time.The results demonstrated that the precisely regulated interlayer channel of GO nanosheets can rapidly provide CO_(2)-selective transport channels due to the synergetic effects of size sieving and preferential adsorption.The GO/Pebax ultra-thin MMMs exhibited CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity of 72 and CO_(2) permeance of 400 GPU(1 GPU=106 cm^(3)(STP)·cm^(2)·s^(-1)·cmHg^(-1)),providing a promising candidate for CO_(2) capture.

依托孕烯植入剂对子宫肌瘤患者避孕价值的研究

目的评估依托孕烯植入剂在子宫肌瘤患者中避孕的安全性及可行性。方法选择2021年1月—2022年3月上海市嘉定区妇幼保健院就诊有避孕需求且合并子宫肌瘤的育龄期女性90例,依据使用不同的避孕措施,分为A组(依托孕烯植入剂)、B组(避孕套)和C组(口服屈螺酮炔雌醇片),每组各30例,分别记录不同避孕方式后的3、6、12个月时子宫肌瘤体积大小、血雌孕激素水平变化、避孕措施的脱落率、避孕有效率、不良反应发生率、患者满意度。结果三组受试者在子宫肌瘤体积大小、脱落率、避孕有效率方面差异均无明显统计学意义(P>0.05);三组受试者在应用上述避孕措施3个月后雌激素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在应用6个月及12个月后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组受试者在应用上述避孕措施3、6、12个月后孕激素水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组不良反应比较:与B组比较,A组和C组主要表现为月经模式的改变(P<0.05),在体重变化、白带改变、痤疮、乳房胀痛、性欲减退、应用过敏不适等方面,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三种避孕方式中,A组满意度最高。结论对于子宫肌瘤患者,若使用依托孕烯避孕,不仅避孕有效率高,副反应及并发症少,雌孕激素波动范围小,患者满意度高,且肌瘤在应用期间无明显增长,值得临床医生在子宫肌瘤患者中推广应用。

面向未来低碳道路养护的超薄罩面功能性研究综述

Highway maintenance mileage reached 5.25 million kilometers in China by 2021.Ultra-thin overlay is one of the most commonly used maintenance technologies,which can significantly enhance the economic and environmental benefits of pavements.To promote the low-carbon development of ultrathin overlays,this paper mainly studied the mechanism and influencing factors of several ultra-thin overlay functions.Firstly,the skid resistance,noise reduction,rutting resistance,and crack resistance of ultrathin overlays were evaluated.The results indicated that the high-quality aggregates improved the skid and rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by 5%-20%.The optimized gradations and modified binders reduced noise of ultra-thin overlay by 0.4-6.0 dB.The high viscosity modified binders improved the rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by about 10%-130%.Basalt fiber improved the cracking resistance of ultra-thin overlay by more than 20%.Due to the thinner thickness and better road performance,the performance-based engineering cost of ultra-thin overlay was reduced by about 30%-40%compared with conventional overlays.Secondly,several environmentally friendly functions of ultra-thin overlay were investigated,including snow melting and deicing,exhaust gas purification and pavement cooling.The lower thickness of ultra-thin overlay was conducive to the diffusion of chloride-based materials to the pavement surface.Therefore,the snow melting effect of self-ice-melting was better.In addition,the ultra-thin overlay mixture containing photocatalytic materials could decompose 20%-50%of the exhaust gas.The colored ultra-thin overlay was able to reduce the temperature of the pavement by up to 8.1℃.The temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the ultra-thin overlay containing thermal resistance materials could reach up to 12.8℃.In addition,numerous typical global engineering applications of functional ultra-thin overlay were summarized.This review can help better understand the functionality of ultra-thin overlays and promote the realization of future multi-functional and low-carbon road maintenance.

Research on the Influence of Cutting Condition on the Surface Microstruct ure of Ultra-thin Wall Parts in Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting

In many fields of high-tech industry the ultra-t hi n wall parts are employed. In this paper the experiments were carried out to dis cuss the surface microstructure of the camera’s guided drawtube by applying ult rasonic vibration cutting device to the traditional lathe. The influence rule of the cutting condition on the surface roughness was put forward, which was drawn by comparing the ultrasonic cutting with the common cutting by use of the cemen ted carbide tool and the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool. The test results sh owed that the ultrasonic cutting performs better than the common cutting in the same condition. According to the test results analyzing, the surface characteriz ation is influenced clearly by the rigidity of the acoustic system and the machi ne tool, as well the setting height of the tool tip. Otherwise, the dense regula r low frequency vibration ripples will be scraped on the machined surface. When the tool tip is set higher than the rotating center of the work piece by three t imes of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, the vibration ripples behave alig ht; they turn light and shade alternatively when the tool tip is lower than the rotating center of the work piece by three times of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration. According to the test result analyzing, the following conclusions are put forward: 1) The surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting is better than that in common cutting. Under a one third critical cutting velocity, the value of th e surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting rise slightly along with the cutting v elocity, while in common cutting it decreases contrast to the cutting velocity; the curves of the surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting and common cutting see m to be alike, both increase along with the feed rate and the cutting depth, but the value in ultrasonic cutting is smaller in the same condition.2) The influen ce of the coolant on the surface roughness cannot be ignored. The kerosene can b e employed to improve the surface roughness in ultrasonic machining.3) In ultras onic cutting process of aluminum alloy ultra-thin wall work piece, the PCD tool performs better than the cemented carbide tools.4) The vibration ripples result from the not enough rigidity of the acoustic system and the improper setting he ight of the tool tip. The departure of the tool tip from the rotating center of the work piece to some extent causes the vibration ripples on the machined surfa ce.

AIDS-related Knowledge,Condom Usage Among Medical Postgraduates

Objective To investigate the knowledge about safety/unsafty of sexual acts relating to HIV transmission, levels of embarrassment related to condom and condom usage among medical postgraduates. Methods From August to December, 1998, a self-administered anonymous questionnaire was given to 271 new medical postgraduates from two medical colleges of Beijing and Hebei Province. Results There was a hazy understanding of the protective function of condom from AIDS among medical postgraduates. Only 14.4% medical postgraduates persisted in using condom, and 27.94% had never or almost never used it. The levels of embarrassment about condom were high. The median score was 3.55+0.98. Whether to use condom was related with the attitudes to condom, but not to AIDS. Conclusion There was some misunderstanding about condom and inconsistent condom usage in medical postgraduates. So it is essential to strengthen the sexual health education among them.

High-efficiency ultra-thin Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4) solar cells by double-pressure sputtering with spark plasma sintered quaternary target

In recent years,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)semiconductor materials have received intensive attention in the field of thin-film solar cells owing to its non-toxic and low-cost elements.In this work,double-pressure sputtering technology is applied to obtain highly efficient and ultra-thin(-450 nm)pure Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)solar cell.Using mixed materials with sulfides and copper powder as a quaternary target via spark plasma sintering(SPS)method and adopting double-layer sputtering(high+low pressure),a highly adhesive and large-grained CZTS thin film is achieved.As a result,the damage to the surface of Mo contact is decreased so that the reflectivity of incident light can be improved.Moreover,the composition of CZTS film was more uniform and the secondary phase separation at the Mo interface was reduced.Therefore,the interface defect state and deep level defect density in corresponding device with double-pressure is reduced and the ratio of depletion thickness to absorption layer thickness can reached to 0.58,which promoted the collection of photogenerated carriers.Finally,an efficiency of 9.3%for ultra-thin(~450 nm)CZTS film solar cell is obtained.

Condom-Assisted Transurethral Resection: A New Surgical Technique for Urethral Tumor

Backgrounds: It is difficult to develop clear endoscopic field during transurethral resection (TUR) of urethral tumors, because irrigation water easily spills out from the meatus. We have devised a surgical technique to facilitate TUR of urothelial tumors. Methods: A 79-year old man developed urethral tumors in the anterior urethra and fossa navicularis 6 months after TUR of bladder tumor. We covered his penis and the resectoscope with a tip-cut condom. The tip-end of condom and the resectoscope sheath was tightly sealed and irrigation water was filled inside the condom. Results: The urethral tumors were successfully resected under a clear vision by filling irrigation water inside a tip-cut condom that covered over the resectoscope and the penis. Conclusion: This technique may be useful for TUR of anterior urethral tumors, especially tumors at fossa navicularis, which is often associated with difficulty in obtaining clear surgical vision.

Large energy-loss straggling of swift heavy ions in ultra-thin active silicon layers

Monte Carlo simulations reveal considerable straggling of energy loss by the same ions with the same energy in fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator （FDSOI） devices with ultra-thin sensitive silicon layers down to 2.5 rim. The absolute straggling of deposited energy decreases with decreasing thickness of the active silicon layer. While the relative straggling increases gradually with decreasing thickness of silicon films and exhibits a sharp rise as the thickness of the silicon film descends below a threshold value of 50 nm, with the dispersion of deposited energy ascending above ~10%. Ion species and energy dependence of the energy-loss straggling are also investigated. For a given beam, the dispersion of deposited energy results in large uncertainty on the actual linear energy transfer （LET） of incident ions, and thus single event effect （SEE） responses, which pose great challenges for traditional error rate prediction methods.

New process for production of ultra-thin grain oriented silicon steel

The Hi-B silicon steels were cold rolled by cross shear rolling (CSR) with different mismatch speed ratio(MSR)s and conventional rolling(CR) respectively, followed by primary recrystallization annealing. The effects of MSR and annealing temperature on magnetic properties of ultra-thin grain oriented silicon steel were analyzed. Experimental results show that, with the increase of MSR, the magnetic properties can be remarkably improved. The higher the annealing temperature is, the higher the magnetic induction and the lower the iron loss in ultra-thin silicon steel is.

Research on Influence of Cutting Conditions on Roundness of Ultra-thin Wall Parts in Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting

In the paper, the experimental researches were carr ie d out to discuss the roundness forming rule and the influence of cutting paramet ers on roundness by ultrasonic vibration cutting of the camera’s guiding drawtu be with 47.75 mm diameter and 0.6～1.5 mm wall thickness. The research results s h ow that the roundness error of ultra-thin wall parts in ultrasonic vibration cu tting is only one third of that in common cutting. The relations between the rou ndness error and the cutting parameters behave as: (1) The roundness error in co mmon cutting decreases gradually with the rise of cutting speed, while in ultras onic cutting, the roundness changes not obviously till the cutting speed is up t o a value, which is nearly equal to one third of the critical velocity. Then the roundness of workpiece will begin to increase slowly. (2) The roundness error i ncreases along with the feed rate both in common cutting and ultrasonic cutting. (3) Within the range of cutting depth in experiment, the influence of cutting d epth on the roundness error is more obvious in common cutting than that in ultra sonic vibration cutting. The conclusions are useful in machining such precise ul tra-thin wall parts. According to the tests, the following conclusions can be o btained: 1) Compared with common cutting, ultrasonic cutting can decrease effect ively roundness error of the workpiece. Under the same condition, the roundness error of the ultra-thin wall part in ultrasonic turning is about one third of t hat in common cutting. 2) In common cutting, cutting depth and feed rate have mu ch influence on the roundness and the influence of cutting velocity is little. W hile in ultrasonic cutting, the roundness was influenced heavily only when feed rate is more than 0.1 mm/r and cutting speed is more than 1/3 of the critical ro tation speed, cutting depth has little influence on the roundness in the experim ent. 3) Kerosene-oil is an optimum cutting fluid in machining ultra-thin wall workpiece. 4) To machine the ultra-thin wall precision part, ultrasonic cutting is the perfect method which can decrease the roundness error effectively an d ensure high quality of the surface.

Ultra-thin circularly polarized lens antenna based on single-layered transparent metasurface

Circularly polarized （CP） lens antenna has been applied to numerous wireless communication systems based on its unique advantages such as high antenna gain, low manufacturing cost, especially stable data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver. Unfortunately, current available CP lens antennas mostly suffer from high profile, low aperture efficiency as well as complex design. In this paper, we propose an ultra-thin CP lens antenna based on the designed single- layered Pancharatnam-Berry （PB） transparent metasurface with focusing property. The PB metasurface exhibits a high transmissivity, which ensures a high efficiency of the focusing property. Launched the metasurface with a CP patch antenna at its focal point, a low-profile lens antenna is simulated and measured. The experimental results show that our lens antenna exhibits a series of advantages including high radiation gain of 20.7 dB, aperture efficiency better than 41.3%, and also narrow half power beam width （HPBW） of 13°at about 14GHz. Our finding opens a door to realize ultra-thin transparent metasurface with other functionalities or at other working frequencies.

The conduction mechanism of stress induced leakage current through ultra-thin gate oxide under constant voltage stresses

The conduction mechanism of stress induced leakage current （SILC） through 2nm gate oxide is studied over a gate voltage range between 1.7V and stress voltage under constant voltage stress （CVS）. The simulation results show that the SILC is formed by trap-assisted tunnelling （TAT） process which is dominated by oxide traps induced by high field stresses. Their energy levels obtained by this work are approximately 1.9eV from the oxide conduction band, and the traps are believed to be the oxygen-related donor-like defects induced by high field stresses. The dependence of the trap density on stress time and oxide electric field is also investigated.

Oxygen migration triggering molybdenum exposure in oxygen vacancy-rich ultra-thin Bi_(2)MoO_(6) nanoflakes: Dual binding sites governing selective CO_(2) reduction into liquid hydrocarbons

Oxygen vacancy plays vital roles in regulating the electronic and charge distribution of the oxygen deficient materials.Herein,abundant oxygen vacancies are created during assembling the two-dimensional(2D)ultra-thin Bi_(2)MoO_(6) nanoflakes into three dimensional(3D)Bi_(2)MoO_(6) nanospheres,resulting in significantly improved performance for photocatalytical conversion of CO_(2) into liquid hydrocarbons.The increased performance is contributed by two primary sites,namely the abundant oxygen vacancy and the exposed molybdenum(Mo)atom induced by oxygen-migration,as revealed by the theoretical calculation.The oxygen vacancy(Ov)and uncovered Mo atom serving as dual binding sites for trapping CO_(2) molecules render the synchronous fixation-reduction process,resulting in the decline of activation energy for CO_(2) reduction from 2.15 eV on bulk Bi_(2)MoO_(6) to 1.42 eV on Ov-rich Bi_(2)MoO_(6).Such a striking decrease in the activation energy induces the efficient selective generation of liquid hydrocarbons,especially the methanol(C_(2)H_(5) OH)and ethanol(CH_(3) OH).The yields of CH_(3) OH and C_(2)H_(5) OH over the optimal Ov-Bi_(2)MoO_(6) is high up to 106.5 and 10.3μmol g^(-1) respectively,greatly outperforming that on the Bulk-Bi_(2)MoO_(6).

Electrically Tunable Energy Bandgap in Dual-Gated Ultra-Thin Black Phosphorus Field Effect Transistors

The energy bandgap is an intrinsic character of semiconductors, which largely determines their properties. The ability to continuously and reversibly tune the bandgap of a single device during real time operation is of great importance not only to device physics but also to technological applications. Here we demonstrate a widely tunable bandgap of few-layer black phosphorus （BP） by the application of vertical electric field in dual-gated BP field-effect transistors. A total bandgap reduction of 124 meV is observed when the electrical displacement field is increased from 0.10 V/nm to 0.83 V/nm. Our results suggest appealing potential for few-layer BP as a tunable bandgap material in infrared optoelectronies, thermoelectric power generation and thermal imaging.

Correlates of Condom-use Self-efficacy on the EPPM-based Integrated Model among Chinese College Students

Objective To explore the predictors of condom-use self-efficacy in Chinese college students according to the extended parallel process model （EPPM）-based integrated model. Methods A total of 3,082 college students were anonymously surveyed through self-administered questionnaires in Guangzhou and Harbin, China. A structural equation model was applied to assess the integrated model. Results Among the participants, 2,387 （46.7%） were male, 2,586 （53.3%） were female, and the average age was 18.6 years. The final integrated model was acceptable. Apart from the direct effect （r = 0.23）, perceived severity had two indirect effects on condom-use self-efficacy through the attitude to HIV education （r = 0.40） and intention to engage in premarital sex （r = -0.16）, respectively. However, the perceived susceptibility mediated through the intention to engage in premarital sex （intent-to-premarital-sex） had a poor indirect impact on condom-use self-efficacy （total effect was -0.06）. Furthermore, attitude toward HIV health education （r = 0.49） and intent-to-premarital-sex （r = -0.32） had a strong direct effect on condom-use self-efficacy. In addition, male students perceived higher susceptibility, stronger intent-to-premarital-sex, and lower condom-use self-efficacy than female students. Conclusion The integrated model may be used to assess the determinants of condom-use self-efficacy among Chinese college students. Future research should focus on raising the severity perception, HIV-risk-reduction motivation, and the premarital abstinence intention among college students. Furthermore, considering the gender differences observed in the present survey, single-sex HIV education is required in school-based HIV/sex intervention.

K_(x)C_(y) phase induced expanded interlayer in ultra-thin carbon toward full potassium-ion capacitors

Carbonaceous materials have been regarded as highly promising anode candidates for potassium storage with their cost-effectiveness and environmental benignity.However,low specific capacity and difficulty in large-scale synthesis largely hinder their further development.Herein,a thermal-induced potassium–carbon alloy phase(K_(x)C_(y))with the expanded interlayer spacing strategy is first put forward.Through in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction,a K_(2)C_(2) phase is evoked by thermal energy during the in-situ carbonization process of carbon quantum dots intermediate derived from potassium-containing precursors,whereas no lithium or sodium–carbon alloy phase is observed from lithium/sodium-containing precursors.The asobtained ultra-thin carbon nanosheets achieve adjustable layer spacing,preparation in bulk,delivering reversible potassium storage of 403.4 mAh g^(−1) at 100 mA g^(−1) and 161.2 mAh g^(−1) even at 5.0 A g^(−1),which is one of the most impressive K-storage performances reported so far with great potential application.Furthermore,the assembled potassium-ion hybrid capacitor by combining the impressive CFMs-900 anode with the three-dimensional framework-activated carbon delivers a high energy-power density of 251.7 Wh kg^(−1) at 250Wkg^(−1) with long-term stability.This study opens a scalable avenue to realize the expanded interlayer spacing,which can be extended to other multicarboxyl potassium salts and can provide approach for the design of high-performance carbon anode materials for potassium storage.

Power Relation and Condom Use in Commercial Sex Behaviors

To explore whether condom use is influenced by power relation in commercial sex behaviors. Methods Variables were designed to measure the power relation in commercial sex behaviors based on the theory of gender and power relation and data were collected from male sexually transmitted diseases （STD） patients and female commercial sex workers （FSWs） working at recreation centers or being detained in a women education center to identify the relationship between condom use and power relation in male and female respondents using bivariate and multiple regression analysis. Results A significant relationship was identified between power relation and female condom use, the higher the score of power relations, the higher frequency the condom use, but no similar result was found in males. Females got a higher score of power relation than males. Conclusions Power relation is one of the factors that influence condom use, which should be considered when relevant theories are used to study the rate of condom use. It is worthwhile exploring the relationship between safe sex and power relation in spouses and regular sex partners when interventions are adopted to prevent HIV/AIDS spreading from high risk groups to the general population.

Study on Perception of Potential Condom Use among Unmarried Migrants

Objective To understand the perception of potential condom use and its influencing factors so as to promote condom use among unmarried migrantsMethod A survey, using self-administered structured anonymous questionnaire, was conducted among 1 092 unmarried migrants aged 15～24 years old in urban area of Shanghai. Results The unmarried migrants had some knowledge of condom. However, their knowledge level and their attitude towards condom use were not so optimistic. Subjects' knowledge of contraceptives and STD/AIDS had a positive influence on their attitude toward condom use. Subjects with positive attitude to condom use were more likely to use condom in sexual activity (OR=1.61). Conclusion Unmarried migrants have lower rate of condom use if they have insufficient knowledge of condom. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the sexual health education among unmarried sex-active migrants in order to encourage contraceptive use, especially condom use.

Evaluation of Condom Use among University Undergraduates in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Barrier contraception has the beauty of dual protection—against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Following the persisting burden of unsafe abortion and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), much sensitization/campaign has been ongoing in the past few decades by government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Nigeria against unprotected sexual intercourse. The youth are generally assumed to have high risk sexual behaviour, hence this study on Port Harcourt university undergraduates. Objectives: To determine the awareness and use of condom among University undergraduates in Port Harcourt. Methods: The study was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study of 636 undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt and Rivers state University, South-south Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was used to randomly select participants and data collected using a pretested structured self administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using version 23.0 SPSS and reported in means, frequencies and percentages. Probability value was set at 5% (p χ2 = 200.602). Only 5.5% of the respondents in this study were willing to know their HIV status. Conclusion: There is a high level of condom awareness among Port Harcourt University undergraduates. Surprisingly, their practice of unprotected sexual intercourse is still high.