Damage Mechanism of Ultra-thin Asphalt Overlay(UTAO) based on Discrete Element Method

Aiming to analyze the damage mechanism of UTAO from the perspective of meso-mechanical mechanism using discrete element method(DEM),we conducted study of diseases problems of UTAO in several provinces in China,and found that aggregate spalling was one of the main disease types of UTAO.A discrete element model of UTAO pavement structure was constructed to explore the meso-mechanical mechanism of UTAO damage under the influence of layer thickness,gradation,and bonding modulus.The experimental results show that,as the thickness of UTAO decreasing,the maximum value and the mean value of the contact force between all aggregate particles gradually increase,which leads to aggregates more prone to spalling.Compared with OGFC-5 UTAO,AC-5 UTAO presents smaller maximum and average values of all contact forces,and the loading pressure in AC-5 UTAO is fully diffused in the lateral direction.In addition,the increment of pavement modulus strengthens the overall force of aggregate particles inside UTAO,resulting in aggregate particles peeling off more easily.The increase of bonding modulus changes the position where the maximum value of the tangential force appears,whereas has no effect on the normal force.

Mild polarization electric field in ultra-thin BN-Fe-graphene sandwich structure for efficient nitrogen reduction

The electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)is expected to supersede the traditional Haber-Bosch technology for NH3 production under ambient conditions.The activity and selectivity of electrochemical NRR are restricted to a strong polarized electric field induced by the catalyst,correct electron transfer direction,and electron tunneling distance between bare electrode and active sites.By coupling the chemical vapor deposition method with the poly(methyl methacylate)-transfer method,an ultrathin sandwich catalyst,i.e.,Fe atoms(polarized electric field layer)sandwiched between ultrathin(within electron tunneling distance)BN(catalyst layer)and graphene film(conducting layer),is fabricated for electrocatalytic NRR.The sandwich catalyst not only controls the transfer of electrons to the BN surface in the correct direction under applied voltage but also suppresses hydrogen evolution reaction by constructing a neutral polarization electric field without metal exposure.The sandwich electrocatalyst NRR system achieve NH3 yield of 8.9μg h^(−1)cm^(−2)and Faradaic Efficiency of 21.7%.The N_(2)adsorption,activation,and polarization electric field changes of three sandwich catalysts(BN-Fe-G,BN-Fe-BN,and G-Fe-G)during the electrocatalytic NRR are investigated by experiments and density functional theory simulations.Driven by applied voltage,the neutral polarized electric field induced by BN-Fe-G leads to the high activity of electrocatalytic NRR.

Regulation of interlayer channels of graphene oxide nanosheets in ultra-thin Pebax mixed-matrix membranes for CO_(2) capture

For the application of carbon capture by membrane process,it is crucial to develop a highly permeable CO_(2)-selective membrane.In this work,we reported an ultra-thin polyether-block-amide(Pebax)mixedmatrix membranes(MMMs)incorporated by graphene oxide(GO),in which the interlayer channels were regulated to optimize the CO_(2)/N_(2) separation performance.Various membrane preparation conditions were systematically investigated on the influence of the membrane structure and separation performance,including the lateral size of GO nanosheets,GO loading,thermal reduction temperature,and time.The results demonstrated that the precisely regulated interlayer channel of GO nanosheets can rapidly provide CO_(2)-selective transport channels due to the synergetic effects of size sieving and preferential adsorption.The GO/Pebax ultra-thin MMMs exhibited CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity of 72 and CO_(2) permeance of 400 GPU(1 GPU=106 cm^(3)(STP)·cm^(2)·s^(-1)·cmHg^(-1)),providing a promising candidate for CO_(2) capture.

Use of bio-based products towards more sustainable road paving binders: A state-of-the-art review

Many industrial sectors exploit fossil sources to develop useful and necessary materials for our needs,such as bituminous paving materials.Bitumen,a key component of asphalt mixtures,is derived from oil refining and its properties are influenced by the crude oil source and refining process,resulting in a significant carbon footprint.With growing awareness of resource depletion and environmental concerns,pavement researchers are exploring sustainable alternatives to reduce dependence on fossil sources.This includes a rising trend in using renewable materials like biomasses to produce bio-based binders as substitutes for bitumen,aiming for a more sustainable approach.Biomasses,including vegetal and animal wastes,and waste cooking oils,as substitutes for crude oil in the production of bio-binders.Through thermochemical conversion(TCC),such as pyrolysis,biomasses can be converted into bio-char and bio-oils,which can replace fossil-based components in binders.Researchers have utilized these bio-products to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in binders.However,there are no set minimum requirements for bio-components in bio-based binders.As the percentage of replaced bitumen increases,various types of binders are produced,including modified bitumen,extended bitumen,and alternative binders,where the fossil replacement is gradual.Overall rheological tests on bio-binders,reveal that those containing biochar exhibit increased viscosity,stiffness,rutting resistance,and sometimes antioxidant properties.Conversely,bio-binders with bio-oils as bitumen substitutes show poorer performance at high temperatures but improved behavior at low temperatures.These results suggest that bio-binders could provide versatile solutions for various climatic and loading conditions in road construction.However,the development of pavement mixtures based on bio-binders has not been studied in depth and requires further attention to unlock its full potential.As sustainability considerations,including life cycle assessments(LCA)and life cycle cost analyses(LCC),are crucial aspects for future studies.It is essential not only to collect data on the performance characteristics of bio-binders but also to understand their environmental impact and recyclability.In-depth evaluations using methods such as LCA and LCC will provide valuable insights into the overall sustainability and long-term viability of these products.

Tactile Paving Recognition Method Based on Improved YOLOv7

Tactile paving is a professional road facility to ensure the safe travel of people with visual impairment.However,there are many problems with tactile paving travel in practice.For one,some tactile paving is seriously damaged,and the other is the accumulation of obstacles.How to help visually impaired people recognize and locate obstacles in tactile paving is a problem worth studying.In this paper,image recognition technology is used to recognize the tactile paving pictures with obstacles,and an attention mechanism is used to optimize samples to improve recognition accuracy.

Paving Materials and Engineering Applications of Permeable Pavement

The stability of roads in cities directly affects the safety of traffic and transportation.In the process of pavement laying,relevant personnel should use permeable paving materials in the process of construction.Based on the analysis of road drainage requirements,traditional paving materials have relatively poor water permeability,which leads to ponding problems during road use[1].Within this frame of reference,beginning with the characteristics of permeable paving materials,this paper makes an in-depth exploration on practical application measures.

SFCC现场导热系数与温度场实测及预测方法研究

为确定钢纤维页岩陶粒混凝土(SFCC)现场实际的导热系数,与桥面板施工同步制作了不同钢纤维体积分数的SFCC试件,采用热板法进行测定,校核并扩展了导热系数预测公式,并且对高温沥青摊铺时SFCC桥面板的温度场进行了实测和数值模拟.结果表明:环境湿度为67%时,SFCC的实测导热系数为0.915~1.409 W/(m·K),增加钢纤维体积分数可提高SFCC导热系数;考虑湿度和钢纤维影响后的扩展Maxwell公式预测值与实测值吻合良好;高温沥青摊铺时桥面板SFCC混凝土内的温度梯度可达20.5℃,超过规范日温差,采用数值模拟可有效计算桥面板温度场.

支撑剂回流对页岩人工裂缝导流能力影响试验

支撑剂回流对页岩人工裂缝导流能力的伤害不容忽视,须对实际应力加载条件下支撑剂回流进行定量表征。利用自主研发的导流能力测试系统,通过添加支撑剂回流腔体模块,实现压裂液返排过程中支撑剂回流的定量表征,在实验室尺度下开展不同应力加载方式(变围压测试和变流压测试)下的页岩人工裂缝长期导流能力对比试验。结果表明:不同应力加载方式对支撑剂破碎量和嵌入量的影响相似,但变围压测试下支撑剂回流量随围压变化维持在约4.46%,与现场支撑剂回流数据不符;变流压测试下支撑剂回流量在流压20 MPa时的支撑剂回流量为20.53%,且随着流压的降低,回流量下降,与现场支撑剂的回流变量变化规律一致;忽略支撑剂的回流会导致对裂缝导流能力伤害率的计算值偏低,不利于制定施工方案;页岩人工裂缝导流能力的准确测试,应采用与实际应力加载更符合的变流压测试方法,以便更好地体现支撑剂回流对导流能力的影响。

设施需求视角下城市盲道系统构建途径研究——以视障人群为例

随着《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》的颁布,开展无障碍设计精细化研究成为提高城市无障碍环境品质的重要发力点。研究突破无障碍设计作为辅助设计的传统思路,以公共服务设施与城市盲道为对象,从视障人群的活动规律及设施需求特征出发,探索城市盲道系统的构建途径与设计方法。通过随机森林模型、引力模型,开展了视障人群设施需求分析及活动区域预测,从设施构成、活动类型、盲道布局三方面对天津市中心城区的盲道系统进行识别与评估,结合居住地与高相关性设施的引力路径,提出盲道优化布局方案及构建策略,旨在引导城市无障碍设施格局优化,为城市开展空间层面无障碍规划设计提供理论参考与技术支撑。

基于无剪力钉体系的RBPC钢桥面铺装技术及其应用

为探索长大桥钢桥面全寿命周期养护新技术,解决现有钢桥面铺装及正交异性板疲劳损伤的难题,开展树脂连接型超高性能混凝土RBPC铺装技术研发工作。研究结果表明:相比同条件环氧类EA铺装结构,RBPC铺装下钢板应力减少约40%,提升钢桥面结构刚度50%以上,验证此铺装结构对正交异性板具有一定刚度提升和补强效果;使用缓粘接湿粘接剂代替栓钉粘接防水抗滑层(RBChip)的新工艺,接触方式由“点”改“面”,便于后期维修养护,且全国首次在长江公路大桥铺装重置工程中成功应用。

复合材料螺栓连接结构的铺层优化研究

螺栓连接是复合材料连接结构的薄弱点,严重限制着复合材料整体连接结构的承载能力。铺层优化能够有效提高复合材料螺栓连接结构的承载能力,提升复合材料的使用效率。以碳纤维复合材料层合板3螺栓双搭接连接结构为研究对象,通过在原有层合板上分别增加不同角度的等厚度铺层、对比不同角度铺层所提升的连接强度的方式,探究铺层角度对连接强度的影响。结果表明,增加0°铺层对提高结构连接强度的影响最大、±45°铺层次之、90°铺层影响最小。在此基础上,采用铺层厚度优化与铺层顺序优化得到了该连接结构的层合板在连接强度最大时的铺层优化结果,优化后铺层结构的连接强度较未优化结构提升了39.3%。

电解锰渣-赤泥-粉煤灰路面砖的力学性能及浸出毒性研究

针对大宗工业固废回收利用难的问题,实现多种固废减量化、无害化、资源化的目标,通过利用取自中国西南地区企业的石膏类、碱性及硅铝质三类典型大宗固废中的电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰协同处理的无害化渣制备环保型透水混凝土路面砖(permeable concrete paving bricks,PCB),研究了水洗、掺渣量对所制备PCB的力学性能与浸出毒性的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对最佳性能PCB的物相组成与微观形貌结构进行分析.结果表明:①随着无害化渣与水洗无害化渣掺入量的提升,路面砖的劈裂抗拉强度、线性破坏荷载发生明显变化,总体呈下降趋势.当无害化渣掺入量为6%、水洗无害化渣掺入量为14%时,经28 d养护,所制备砖体的劈裂抗拉强度分别为4.09和3.46 MPa,达到了《透水路面砖和透水路面板》(GB/T 25993-2010)中规定的f_(ts)4.0与f_(ts)3.0等级.②路面砖的重金属与NH_(4)^(+)-N的浸出毒性均低于《水泥窑协同处置固体废物技术规范》(GB 30760-2014)的要求.路面砖的主要物相中方解石、石英与钙矾石是主要支撑性物质.研究显示,电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰协同处理的无害化渣可替代部分原材料制备透水混凝土路面砖,满足力学性能与浸出毒性相关标准,能有效促进固体废弃物的减量化与资源化,建议进一步开展砖体在实际应用场景中的环境风险试验,以期为电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰的综合利用技术发展提供更明确的支撑.

Effects of parameters of asphalt concrete surfacing on mechanical property of paving layer

The important parameters that influence the mechanical property of the pavinglayer on an orthotropic steel bridge deck are the paving layer thickness and modulus of the asphaltconcrete surfacing. Three important indices that control the typical failures of the paving layerare the maximum tensile stress of paving layer, the maximum shear stress between the steel deck andthe paving layer, and the maximum deflection on the paving surface. In this paper, the analyticalmodel of paving systems on orthotropic steel bridge deck is established, and the finite elementmethod is adopted to study the stress and strain of paving system. With the variation of asphaltconcrete modulus in high or low temperature season, the influences of paving layer thickness onthree control indices are researched. The results provide a theoretical basis for the determinationof thickness of the paving layer on the steel bridge deck.

Formulating Highway Paving Asphalts from the Vacuum Residue of a Paraffinic Crude

Many specifications of paving asphalts are closely related to their colloidal stability, which is, however, determined by their exact chemical compositions. The Yumen vacuum residue (YVR), the bottoms of a paraffinic crude oil is unfit for the production of highway paving asphalts directly, Neither are the de-oiled asphalts of the YVR. In this research a blending method and an optimal process of solvent de-asphalts are adopted to investigate the feasibility of formulating highway-paving asphalts from YVR. Results show that highway paving asphalts are formulated by blending solvent de-oiled asphalts with one or more of the materials including YVR, decanted oil from FCC process, and furfural extracts from lubricating base stocks. Further investigations indicate that adding oil decanted from FCC process to the solvent de-asphalting process can increase the de-asphalted oil production, improve the de-oiled asphalts quality, and thus optimize the refinery processes. The methodology of this research can be extended even to refineries processing non-paraffinic crude oils.

面向未来低碳道路养护的超薄罩面功能性研究综述

Highway maintenance mileage reached 5.25 million kilometers in China by 2021.Ultra-thin overlay is one of the most commonly used maintenance technologies,which can significantly enhance the economic and environmental benefits of pavements.To promote the low-carbon development of ultrathin overlays,this paper mainly studied the mechanism and influencing factors of several ultra-thin overlay functions.Firstly,the skid resistance,noise reduction,rutting resistance,and crack resistance of ultrathin overlays were evaluated.The results indicated that the high-quality aggregates improved the skid and rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by 5%-20%.The optimized gradations and modified binders reduced noise of ultra-thin overlay by 0.4-6.0 dB.The high viscosity modified binders improved the rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by about 10%-130%.Basalt fiber improved the cracking resistance of ultra-thin overlay by more than 20%.Due to the thinner thickness and better road performance,the performance-based engineering cost of ultra-thin overlay was reduced by about 30%-40%compared with conventional overlays.Secondly,several environmentally friendly functions of ultra-thin overlay were investigated,including snow melting and deicing,exhaust gas purification and pavement cooling.The lower thickness of ultra-thin overlay was conducive to the diffusion of chloride-based materials to the pavement surface.Therefore,the snow melting effect of self-ice-melting was better.In addition,the ultra-thin overlay mixture containing photocatalytic materials could decompose 20%-50%of the exhaust gas.The colored ultra-thin overlay was able to reduce the temperature of the pavement by up to 8.1℃.The temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the ultra-thin overlay containing thermal resistance materials could reach up to 12.8℃.In addition,numerous typical global engineering applications of functional ultra-thin overlay were summarized.This review can help better understand the functionality of ultra-thin overlays and promote the realization of future multi-functional and low-carbon road maintenance.

高墩钢混组合梁桥铺装混凝土吊挂现浇施工技术分析

钢混组合梁的作用是通过钢梁与混凝土桥面板共同受力来抵抗梁体下挠,其具有截面尺寸小、自重轻、跨度大、承载力强、钢材和混凝土用量少、施工周期短等优势。以尖山沟特大桥引桥为研究对象,为克服高山峡谷环境下施工作业空间受限、支架搭设难度大、施工安全风险高等传统支架法施工的不利因素,深入分析钢混组合梁受力特性,创新采用吊挂法现浇铺装混凝土,以供类似工程借鉴。

基于行车舒适度的大跨连续刚构桥桥面线形调整研究

基于MATLAB/Simulink环境建立车辆-路面系统模型,以车辆座椅竖向加权加速度均方根作为行车舒适度评价指标,分析边跨3L/8、中跨跨中位置预抛高及边墩墩顶混凝土铺装层厚度与车辆座椅竖向加权加速度均方根之间的关系。根据分析结果,提出通过调整边跨3L/8、中跨跨中位置预抛高及边墩墩顶混凝土铺装层(调平层)厚度改善桥面线形平顺性的措施,提高行车舒适度。在桥面铺装阶段,应根据原有预设成桥线形进行铺装线形拟合,同时兼顾行车舒适度。

3D摊铺技术在沥青路面施工中的应用研究

为解决传统沥青面层摊铺过程中摊铺平整度、厚度及坡度不满足技术要求等问题,通过引入3D摊铺智能控制技术,不仅使沥青面层摊铺后的平整度、厚度及坡度得到了精准控制,同时也节约了施工成本。结合工程实例,简要介绍了3D摊铺技术原理,通过分析工程检测数据,结果表明:与传统路面摊铺技术相比,3D摊铺智能控制技术的运用使沥青路面平整度合格率达到90%以上、压实面横坡度波动范围较小、路面厚度偏差处于8%设计厚度之内,解决了传统施工摊铺过程中高程控制精度不良及面层平整度提升效果不明显问题,可在后续高等级沥青路面摊铺施工中继续推广。

Fabrication and Simulation of an AlGaAs/GaAs Ultra-Thin Base NDR HBT

A novel mesa ultra-thin base AlGaAs/GaAs HBT is designed and fabricated with wet chemical selective etch technique and monitor electrode technique. It has a particular and obvious voltage-controlled NDR whose PVCR is larger than 120. By use of device simulation,the cause of NDR is that increasing collector voltage makes the ultrathin base reach through and the device transforms from a bipolar state to a bulk barrier state. In addition, the simulated cutoff frequency is about 60-80GHz.

3D摊铺系统在路面高程与横坡控制中的应用

为解决传统2D摊铺技术缺陷的问题,山西省静兴高速公路项目采用新型工艺激光测量高精度控制系统进行路面摊铺,研究表明,激光测量高精度控制系统毫米级的流动站可便捷地实现整个摊铺作业的全过程控制,可预先对道路设计的数字化模型进行检查,实现摊铺过程实时检测和摊铺后的复检验收,从而达到施工全过程质量控制、实时掌控摊铺工作质量的目的。