Layered Structural PBAT Composite Foams for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

The utilization of eco-friendly,lightweight,high-efficiency and high-absorbing electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is imperative in light of the worldwide promotion of sustainable manufacturing.In this work,magnetic poly(butyleneadipate-coterephthalate)(PBAT)microspheres were firstly synthesized via phase separation method,then PBAT composite foams with layered structure was constructed through the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and scraping techniques.The merits of integrating ferroferric oxideloaded multi-walled carbon nanotubes(Fe3O4@MWCNTs)nanoparticles,a microcellular framework,and a highly conductive silver layer have been judiciously orchestrated within this distinctive layered configuration.Microwaves are consumed throughout the process of“absorption-reflection-reabsorption”as much as possible,which greatly declines the secondary radiation pollution.The biodegradable PBAT composite foams achieved an EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 68 dB and an absorptivity of 77%,and authenticated favorable stabilization after the tape adhesion experiment.

Layered Foam/Film Polymer Nanocomposites with Highly Efficient EMI Shielding Properties and Ultralow Reflection

Lightweight,high-efficiency and low reflection electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding polymer composites are greatly desired for addressing the challenge of ever-increasing electromagnetic pollution.Lightweight layered foam/film PVDF nanocomposites with efficient EMI shielding effectiveness and ultralow reflection power were fabricated by physical foaming.The unique layered foam/film structure was composed of PVDF/SiCnw/MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx)composite foam as absorption layer and highly conductive PVDF/MWCNT/GnPs composite film as a reflection layer.The foam layer with numerous heterogeneous interfaces developed between the SiC nanowires(SiCnw)and 2D MXene nanosheets imparted superior EM wave attenuation capability.Furthermore,the microcellular structure effectively tuned the impedance matching and prolonged the wave propagating path by internal scattering and multiple reflections.Meanwhile,the highly conductive PVDF/MWCNT/GnPs composite(~220 S m^(−1))exhibited superior reflectivity(R)of 0.95.The tailored structure in the layered foam/film PVDF nanocomposite exhibited an EMI SE of 32.6 dB and a low reflection bandwidth of 4 GHz(R<0.1)over the Kuband(12.4-18.0 GHz)at a thickness of 1.95 mm.A peak SER of 3.1×10^(-4) dB was obtained which corresponds to only 0.0022% reflection efficiency.In consequence,this study introduces a feasible approach to develop lightweight,high-efficiency EMI shielding materials with ultralow reflection for emerging applications.

An enhanced differential evolution-based inverse radiation transport model for identification of unknown shielding layer thicknesses with gamma-ray spectrum

Identifying the geometric information of an object by analyzing the detected radiation fields is an important problem for national and global security.In the present work,an inverse radiation transport model,based on the enhanced differential evolution algorithm with global and local neighborhoods(IRT-DEGL),is developed to estimate the unknown layer thickness of the source/shield system with the gamma-ray spectrum.The framework is briefly introduced with the emphasis on handling the enhanced differential evolution algorithm.Using the simulated gamma-ray spectra,the numerical precision of the IRT-DEGL model is evaluated for one-dimensional source systems.Using the detected gamma-ray spectra,the inverse investigations for the unknown thicknesses of multiple shielding layers are performed.By comparing with the traditional gamma-ray absorption method,it is shown that the IRT-EDGL model can provide a much more accurate result and has great potential to be applied for the complicated systems.

Ultra-thin robust CNT@GC film integrating effective electromagnetic shielding and flexible Joule heating

The demand for lightweight,thin electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding film materials with high shielding effectiveness(SE),excellent mechanical properties,and stability in complex environments is particularly pronounced in the realm of flexible and portable electronic products.Here,we developed an ultra-thin film(CNT@GC)in which the glassy carbon(GC)layer wrapped around and welded carbon nanotubes(CNTs)to form a core-shell network structure,leading to exceptional tensile strength(327.2 MPa)and electrical conductivity(2.87×10^(5) S·m^(−1)).The CNT@GC film achieved EMI SE of 60 dB at a thickness of 2µm after post-acid treatment and high specific SE of 3.49×10^(5) dB·cm^(2)·g^(−1),with comprehensive properties surpassing those of the majority of previous shielding materials.Additionally,the CNT@GC film exhibited Joule heating capability,reaching a surface temperature of 135℃at 3 V with a fast thermal response of about 0.5 s,enabling anti-icing/de-icing functionality.This work presented a methodology for constructing a robust CNT@GC film with high EMI shielding performance and exceptional Joule heating capability,demonstrating immense potential in wearable devices,defense,and aerospace applications.

Large energy-loss straggling of swift heavy ions in ultra-thin active silicon layers

Monte Carlo simulations reveal considerable straggling of energy loss by the same ions with the same energy in fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator （FDSOI） devices with ultra-thin sensitive silicon layers down to 2.5 rim. The absolute straggling of deposited energy decreases with decreasing thickness of the active silicon layer. While the relative straggling increases gradually with decreasing thickness of silicon films and exhibits a sharp rise as the thickness of the silicon film descends below a threshold value of 50 nm, with the dispersion of deposited energy ascending above ~10%. Ion species and energy dependence of the energy-loss straggling are also investigated. For a given beam, the dispersion of deposited energy results in large uncertainty on the actual linear energy transfer （LET） of incident ions, and thus single event effect （SEE） responses, which pose great challenges for traditional error rate prediction methods.

Effects of boron number per unit volume on the shielding properties of composites made with boron ores from China

The total macroscopic removal cross sections,deposited energies and the absorbed doses of three new shielding composites loaded with specific boron-rich slag,boron concentrate ore and boron mud of China for 252Cf neutron source were investigated by experimental and Monte Carlo calculation.The results were evaluated by boron mole numbers per unit volume in composites.The half value layers of the composites were calculated and compared with that of Portland concrete,indicating that ascending boron mole numbers per unit volume in the composites can enhance the shielding properties of the composites for 252Cf neutron source.

Optical properties of ultra-thin InN layer embedded in InGaN matrix for light emitters

We theoretically investigate the optical properties of an ultra-thin InN layer embedded in InGaN matrix for light emitters. The peak emission wavelength extends from ultraviolet （374 nm） to green （536 nm） with InN quantum well thickness increasing from 1 monolayer to 2 monolayers, while the overlap of electron–hole wave function remains at a high level （larger than 90%）. Increase of In content in InGaN matrix provides a better approach to longer wavelength emission, which only reduces the spontaneous emission rate slightly compared with the case of increasing In content of the conventional InGaN quantum well. Also, the transparency carrier density derived from gain spectrum is of the same order as that in the conventional blue laser diode. Our study provides skillful design on the development of novel structure InN-based light emitting diodes as well as laser diodes.

Study on characteristics of a double-conductible channel organic thin-film transistor with an ultra-thin hole-blocking layer

The properties of top-contact organic thin-film transistors （TC-OTFTs） using ultra-thin 2, 9-dimethyl-4, 7- diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline （BCP） as a hole-blocking interlayer have been improved significantly and a BCP interlayer was inserted into the middle of the pentacene active layer. This paper obtains a fire-new transport mode of an OTFT device with double-conductible channels. The accumulation and transfer of the hole carriers arc limited by the BCP interlayer in the vertical region of the channel. A huge amount of carriers is located not only at the interface between pentacene and the gate insulator, but also at the two interfaces of pentacene/BCP interlayer and pentacene/gate insulator, respectively. The results suggest that the BCP interlayer may be useful to adjust the hole accumulation and transfer, and can increase the hole mobility and output current of OTFTs. The TC-OTFTs with a BCP interlayer at VDS = --20 V showed excellent hole mobility μFE and threshold voltage VTH of 0.58 cm^2/（V-s） and -4.6 V, respectively.

New U-Pb and Sm-Nd Data and REE Distribution in Sulphides of Paleoproterozoic PGE Layered Intrusions in the Arctic Part of the Fennoscandian Shield

The U-Pb (on zircon) and Sm-Nd analysis is a popular isotope-geochronological tool for estimating the age of rocks from PGE mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Sulphides can be used to study the geochronology of ore processes as well, since they should indicate the time of ore mineralization. Gabbronorite has been sampled from the Passivaara reef at the Penikat layered intrusion (Finland) for U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotope single zircon analyses in order to separate sulphide minerals. The Sm-Nd isotope age of gabbronorite has been dated at 2426 ± 36 Ma;eNd(T) = &minus;1.4 ± 0.4. The Sm-Nd isotope age on sulphides and rock-forming minerals reflects the crystallization time of the ore-bearing gabbronorite from the Passivaara reef of the Penikat layered intrusion. The mass-spectrometer analytical environment and modes of operation have been adjusted to detect REE in sulphide minerals on example of pyrite from the PGE Penikat layered intrusion (Finland) and chalcopyrite from the Talnakh deposit (Norilsk area, Russia) has been estimated. The total REE content in pyrite is ca. 3.5 ppm, which is enough to define the Sm-Nd age of pyrite. The study shows how to use the mineral/chondrite spectra to evaluate the accuracy of the REE analytical results on example of State Standard Sample 2463 (Russia).

基于极限分析上限法的地震作用下分层地基盾构隧道开挖面稳定性研究

目前针对盾构隧道开挖面稳定性的研究还较少考虑土体分层特性和地震作用的耦合影响,因此构建了一种在分层土体中考虑地震作用的开挖面三维对数螺旋破坏模型进行研究。首先,将地震引起的动态响应通过拟静力法简化为水平和竖直两个方向上的惯性力作用;其次,在均质土体中的三维对数螺旋破坏机制的基础上,将其改进为适用于分层土体的三维对数螺旋破坏机制;再次,根据上限定理,在虚功率方程中引入地震惯性力所做功率,得到考虑土体分层特性和地震作用条件下的盾构隧道开挖面支护力的上限解;最后,将上限理论解与三维数值模拟结果和既有模型试验结果进行对比,得到了较好的一致性。此外,针对水平地震加速度系数和地层厚度对关键物理特征进行了影响因素分析。结果表明,当比例系数ζ>0时,极限支护力随水平地震加速度系数的增大显著增大;当ζ<0时,极限支护力随水平地震加速度系数增大而增大的趋势减弱。当水平地震加速度系数kh=0时,即在无地震作用情况下,归一化极限支护力不随ζ的变化而变化;在上硬下软土层中,下部土层厚度比的增大会引起极限支护力的增大,在上软下硬土层中,下部土层厚度比的增大会引起极限支护力的减小。

盾尾刷更换时液氮冻结温度场及冻结参数影响的数值模拟分析

为合理确定高水压下液氮冻结止水更换盾尾刷的冻结设计参数及掌握温度场变化规律,结合某过江通道长距离盾构掘进过程中盾尾刷更换时的液氮冻结止水工程,利用ADINA大型有限元分析软件建立液氮冻结止水及盾尾刷更换数值模型,模拟温度-时间变化曲线与现场实测数据对比,验证模型的合理性,并对土层、去路液氮温度、冻结管长度、冻结管间距、冻结方式进行敏感性因素分析。结果表明:1)冻结效果随土层的不同而发生改变,在卵石层、砾砂层、粉细砂层3种土层中,粉细砂层的冻结效果最差,卵石层最好;2)在有限的冻结时间内,去路液氮温度的不同,只影响土体从开始冻结至越过0℃完成相变这期间的降温速度,不影响完成冻结以后的土体降温速率;3)冻结管长度对土层冻结的影响较小,可以采用较短的冻结管,以降低施工成本和液氮消耗量,但不能过短,应保证其纵向有足够的支撑范围,经计算分析,当冻结管长度为1.52 m时,能在轴面处满足2.0 m的冻结壁厚度要求;4)冻结管间距对冻结效果影响大,冻结管越密,冻结速度越快,效果越好;5)在相同条件下,双环预埋冻结管液氮冻结效果优于管片上直接打孔液氮冻结。

16m级盾构始发筑岛围堰湖相淤泥原位固化试验研究

为满足城市内湖筑岛围堰内超大直径盾构始发作业需求,依托武汉两湖隧道(南湖段)PPP项目3标围堰淤泥固化工程,开展湖相淤泥固化剂适配性试验,探究固化剂成分配比、固化剂质量分数、喷搅工艺及浮淤对固化效果的影响;通过轻型动力触探试验、固化翻浆层厚度测试明晰淤泥固化效果,以获取最佳固化剂质量分数及固化工艺。试验研究表明:1)通过固化剂适配性试验、现场原位固化试验可知,湖相淤泥采用原位固化工艺是可行的,能满足施工承载力等指标要求;2)针对南湖湖相淤泥,考虑固化土强度及均匀性,选取m_(水泥)∶m_(工业废渣)=6∶4、固化外加剂质量分数为1‰及固化剂质量分数为10.5%的固化剂处理效果较好;3)采用“4搅4喷”固化工艺,可以减少翻浆浪费,且可以均匀加固淤泥地层。通过评估不同工况下筑岛围堰内试验田淤泥固化效果,提出了最佳固化剂质量分数及固化工艺,解决了淤泥固化强度不足、均匀性不良等质量问题。

改性AlN/磷片石墨/环氧树脂层状结构复合材料的制备与性能

环氧树脂(EP)作为被应用最为广泛的电子封装绝缘材料,但由于其较低的热导率[0.1~0.3 W/(m·K)]及在X波段较差的电磁屏蔽效能(1~2 dB),影响了电子元器件的服役寿命及信号稳定。本文利用芬顿反应改性鳞片石墨(FG)和硅烷偶联剂(KH560)改性氮化铝(AlN)作为填料,利用自沉降机制制备了具有分层结构环氧树脂基复合材料。结果表明,当改性氮化铝与改性鳞片石墨体积分数分别为2%和8%时,导热系数为0.60 W/(m·K),10 GHz的电磁屏蔽效能为17.1 dB,相较于纯树脂,热导率与电磁屏蔽值分别提升了3倍和8倍,同时仍保持着较高的电绝缘性能(鳞片石墨沉积测表面电阻率7.78×10^(8)Ω,体积电阻率4.91×10^(11)Ω·cm)。

富水砂层盾构下穿高速铁路控制技术研究

以西安轨道交通地铁10号线东风路站—学府路站区间下穿大西、郑西客专高速铁路土压平衡盾构施工为背景,基于盾构试验段数据研究土压平衡盾构在富水砂层中下穿掘进参数及控制措施。根据现场盾构下穿既有高速铁路路段的隧道埋深与地质条件,通过200m盾构试验段,确定盾构下穿施工具体掘进施工参数。其中控制掘进速度为35~40mm/min、出土量54~60m^(3)、二次注浆压力0.4~0.5MPa、下穿注浆量7.8~8.5m^(3)/环和土仓压力1.0~1.2bar,下穿过程中同步注浆、二次注浆要及时跟进。

运营期浅埋公路隧道拱顶覆土层力学分析模型及沉降规律研究

浅埋盾构隧道下穿既有公路时,车辆荷载作用下隧道拱顶不同深度覆土层会发生沉降,针对这一问题,提出一种盾构过程中拱顶覆土两阶段沉降分析模型,采用ABAQUS数值模拟(FEM)验证本文所建立沉降模型的正确性。研究结果表明:对Peck公式中土体体积损失参量进行修正并基于非线性荷载作用下的Boussinesq解所建立的等效地表两阶段沉降分析模型能有效预测车辆循环荷载和隧道盾构耦合作用下盾尾拱顶覆土沉降发展规律。在盾构过程中,盾尾拱顶覆土沉降扰动增加区段位于接近区至下穿区前2/5处,下穿区出现沉降峰值后进入沉降扰动平缓区段,远离区为沉降扰动减小区段,沉降发展规律符合Protodyakonov压力拱理论,沉降增加主要发生在压力拱破坏期间;盾构完成后,车辆循环荷载影响5 m左右深度的覆土层沉降,深度大于5 m时车辆荷载发生应力扩散,沉降主要影响因素为隧道开挖造成的土体体积损失。

基于多层感知机技术的地铁盾构施工参数预测

在地铁工程建设中,盾构法施工技术已经得到了广泛的应用,盾构掘进参数的合理预测对提高施工安全性及降低操作难度具有较大实际意义.以中国杭州机场快线地铁隧道某标段为工程背景,以隧道直径范围内土层摩擦角、黏聚力、压缩模量、重度以及隧道顶部埋深、盾构机预设刀盘转速、推进速度作为输入,以盾构施工时的注浆量、注浆压力、出土量、总推力和刀盘扭矩为输出,建立基于多层感知机的盾构掘进参数预测模型.通过对比不同超参数组合情况下的模型在数据集上的预测表现,挑选出适合于该工程盾构施工参数的预测模型.使用实测数据对模型预测效果进行验证,预测值与实测数据总体变化规律一致,平均误差在20%以内.建立的多层感知机模型预测结果较为合理,具有较好的预测精度,可用于复合地层条件下同类型盾构掘进参数的预测.

上软下硬地层地铁盾构施工地表沉降模拟分析

为了研究上软下硬地层地铁盾构掘进引起的地表沉降规律,以某地铁工程大岭山东站—松山湖站区间盾构掘进项目为依托,通过实测和数值模拟,对比分析上软下硬地层盾构掘进及硬层比对地表沉降规律的影响。结果表明:单双线盾构掘进地表横向沉降规律分别呈V形和W形变化;盾构掘进时对前后地表变形影响的范围约为40 m,其中前方5 m至后方15 m范围内的地表沉降变化率最大;地表沉降随地质硬层比的增加逐渐减小,硬层比为16.7%~83.3%时,地表沉降变化较大,可将硬层比83.3%、16.7%作为上软下硬复合地层研究的上下限。

深厚砂层泵站施工对盾构隧道结构安全影响分析

基于石家庄复兴大街市政化改造工程,采用有限元数值模拟研究了位于砂层的深大泵站施工对侧方的地铁盾构隧道的变形和受力影响。结果表明:侧上方深基坑开挖对邻近的地铁盾构隧道的竖向变形影响表现为先沉降后隆起,在基坑开挖至坑底时隆起达到最大,水平变形影响表现为隧道向基坑开挖侧偏移,且在泵站开挖至基底时隧道的水平位移达到最大;受侧方基坑开挖卸载影响,隧道由均匀对称受力变化为承受一定程度的水平偏压,故隧道弯矩出现一定范围的增大,但变幅较小,在容许范围以内。提出了控制地铁盾构隧道变形的措施,保证了施工的顺利进行。

克泥效工法对盾构隧道地表变形的作用规律研究

软土地区盾构施工面临着严峻的地表变形问题,克泥效工法辅助盾构施工是缓解地表变形的重要控制措施。为探究克泥效工法对盾构隧道地表变形的影响规律,依托苏州轨道交通11号线玉-珠区间盾构工程,首先开展克泥效浆液压缩试验,得到浆液压缩变形规律;然后建立克泥效工法下盾构隧道双等代层有限元模型,模拟研究克泥效注浆工法对地表变形的影响规律。研究表明:克泥效浆液的压缩变形曲线近似符合线性关系,克泥效浆液性能受B液添加率影响明显,当B液添加率为4%时,克泥效浆液抵抗变形能力最强;建立的双等代层模型能够模拟克泥效工法对盾构隧道地表变形的影响特征,克泥效工法辅助盾构可减少约78%的地表最大沉降量;克泥效浆液填充率对地表沉降影响显著,填充率约150%时,对地表沉降的控制效果相对最好。研究结果可为克泥效工法在类似盾构隧道工程中的应用提供参考。

滨海地层盾构开挖土体加固技术研究

目前,我国尤其是滨海地区城市轨道交通发展快速,为节省用地,施工过程中经常需要进行隧道施工。盾构法作为目前最为先进的隧道施工方法,是滨海地区轨道交通隧道建设的首选方法。滨海地区土体多为软土或上软下硬土体,在盾构开挖过程中对土体进行加固保证土体开挖安全十分必要。论文以台州市域铁路S1线一期工程盾构区间为研究案例,通过室内试验,施工现场原位试验,施工实践检验,对滨海地层盾构开挖土体加固技术进行了研究,提供了各项土体加固详细技术参数,希望为后续类似工程提供经验以及参考价值。