Direction finding of bistatic MIMO radar in strong impulse noise

For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in suppressing impulse noise and achieving superior direction finding performance using the maximum likelihood(ML)estimation method.A quantum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA)is devised to resolve the corresponding objective function for efficient and accurate direc-tion finding.The results of simulation reveal the capability of the presented method in success rate and root mean square error over existing direction-finding methods in different application situations,e.g.,locating coherent signal sources with very few snapshots in strong impulse noise.Other than that,the Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)under impulse noise environment has been drawn to test the capability of the presented method.

TIME-SPACE 3D MATCHED FILTERING FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND ANTENNA RADAR

The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three dimensions. The results obtained are helpful for designing this new style radar.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PULSE COMPRESSION USING PHASE-CODED SIGNALS FOR SPARSE-ARRAY SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND APERTURE RADAR

Sparse-array Synthetic Impulse and Aperture Radar (SIAR) can isotropically radiate by employing multiple frequencies (synthetic pulse) and multiple antennas (synthetic antenna). According to Ambiguity Function(AF), its range resolution depends only on bandwidth of transmitted signals, however, the distance grating lobes emerge when increasing the time-bandwidth product of transmitted signals. The performance of pulse compression is analyzed with the transmitted signals modulated by phase-coded sequences. It is seen that greater ratio of pulse compression and suppression of range sidelobe in SIAR can be obtained, and its effective range and range resolution is increased as well.

Human Respiration Rate Estimation Using Ultra-wideband Distributed Cognitive Radar System

It has been shown that remote monitoring of pulmonary activity can be achieved using ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, which shows promise in home healthcare,rescue,and security applications.In this paper,we first present a multi-ray propagation model for UWB signal,which is traveling through the human thorax and is reflected on the air/dry-skin/fat/muscle interfaces,A geometry-based statistical channel model is then developed for simulating the reception of UWB signals in the indoor propagation environment.This model enables replication of time-varying multipath profiles due to the displacement of a human chest.Subsequently, a UWB distributed cognitive radar system (UWB-DCRS) is developed for the robust detection of chest cavity motion and the accurate estimation of respiration rate.The analytical framework can serve as a basis in the planning and evaluation of future rheasurement programs.We also provide a case study on how the antenna beamwidth affects the estimation of respiration rate based on the proposed propagation models and system architecture.

Human Motion Recognition Using Ultra-Wideband Radar and Cameras on Mobile Robot

Cameras can reliably detect human motions in a normal environment, but they are usually affected by sudden illumination changes and complex conditions, which are the major obstacles to the reliability and robustness of the system. To solve this problem, a novel integration method was proposed to combine hi-static ultra-wideband radar and cameras. In this recognition system, two cameras are used to localize the object＇s region, regions while a radar is used to obtain its 3D motion models on a mobile robot. The recognition results can be matched in the 3D motion library in order to recognize its motions. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, the experimental results of recognition using vision sensors and those of recognition using the integration method were compared in different environments. Higher correct-recognition rate is achieved in the experiment.

On the Implementation of a Probabilistic Equalizer for Low-Cost Impulse Radio UWB in High Data Rate

This paper treats the digital design of a probabilistic energy equalizer for impulse radio (IR) UWB receiver in high data rate (100Mbps). The aim of this study is to bypass certain complex mathematical function as a chi-squared distribution and reduce the computational complexity of the equalizer for a low cost hardware implementation. As in Sub-MAP algorithm, the max* operation is investigated for complexity reduction and tested by computer simulation with fixed point data types under 802.15.3a channel models. The obtained re-sults prove that the complexity reduction involves a very slight algorithm deterioration and still meet the low-cost constraint of the implementation.

Adaptive waveform design based on Morlet wavelet for ultra-wideband MIMO radar

For the issue of deterioration in detection performance caused by dynamically changing environment in ultra-wideband（UWB） multiple input multiple output（MIMO） radar, this paper proposes a novel adaptive waveform design which is aimed to improve the ability of discriminating target and clutter from the radar scene. Firstly, a sequence of Morlet wavelet pulses with frequency hopping and pulse position modulation by Welch-Costas array is designed. Then a waveform optimization solution is proposed which is achieved by applying the minimization mutual-information（MI） strategy. After that, with subsequent iterations of the algorithm, simulation results demonstrate that the optimal waveform design method brings an improvement in the target detection ability in the presence of noise and clutter.

Dataset of human motion status using IR-UWB through-wall radar

Ultra-wideband(UWB)through-wall radar has a wide range of applications in non-contact human information detection and monitoring.With the integration of machine learning technology,its potential prospects include the physiological monitoring of patients in the hospital environment and the daily monitoring at home.Although many target detection methods of UWB through-wall radar based on machine learning have been proposed,there is a lack of an opensource dataset to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.This published dataset is measured by impulse radio UWB(IR-UWB)through-wall radar system.Three test subjects are measured in different environments and several defined motion status.Using the presented dataset,we propose a human-motion-status recognition method using a convolutional neural network(CNN),and the detailed dataset partition method and the recognition process flow are given.On the well-trained network,the recognition accuracy of testing data for three kinds of motion status is higher than 99.7%.The dataset presented in this paper considers a simple environment.Therefore,we call on all organizations in the UWB radar field to cooperate to build opensource datasets to further promote the development of UWB through-wall radar.

Optical and SuperDARN radar observations of duskside shock aurora over Zhongshan Station

We present observations of a duskside shock aurora occurred on 21 April 2001 by the SuperDARN radar at Syowa Station and the all-sky camera at Zhongshan Station （ZHS） in Antarctica when the radar was operated in fast-scan mode covering the ZHS region. With the two independent data sets, we examine ionospheric plasma convection and aurora arising from a sudden impulse （SI） event associated with an interplanetary shock. During the transient shock compression, the aurora was quiescent without any optical emission at the preliminary impulse of the SI. About 7 min later, a new thin auroral arc with brighter emissions and a lifetime of -14 rain expanded westward from the region above ZHS during the main impulse of the SI. SuperDARN radar line-of-sight measurements showed periodical oscillation in the flow direction with ultra-low-frequency waves having a period of -8 min during the shock compression. We suggest that downward field-aligned current during the preliminary impulse stage of the SI was the main driver of the first plasma flow reversal, and the subsequent new discrete auroral arc may be associated with field-aligned acceleration in the region of the main impulse related upward field-aligned currents. The ground magnetometer observations suggest that the oscillation of the ionospheric convection on the duskside was associated with field line resonance activity.

Design and Simulation of Sub-Nanosecond Pulse Generator for Ultra-Wideband Communication

A new sub-nanosecond pulse generator scheme is proposed in the opinion of frequency field in this paper. The filtering techniques used in the UWB (ultra-wideband) generator make the circuit simple and suitable for integration. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that monocycle form generated in the scheme have a good balance between positive and negative shape and small traipse by circuit parameter control and has improved the quality of UWB pulse form.

Algorithm for Gesture Recognition Using an IR-UWB Radar Sensor

This paper introduces a human gesture recognition algorithm using an impulse radio ultra-wide- band (IR-UWB) radar sensor. Human gesture recognition has been one of the hottest research topics for quite a long time. Many gesture recognition algorithms or systems using other sensors have been proposed such as using cameras, RFID tags and so on. Among which gesture recognition systems using cameras have been extensively studied in past years and widely used in practical. While it might show some deficiencies in some cases. For example, the users might not like to be filmed by cameras considering their privacies. Besides, it might not work well in very dark environments. While RFID tags could be inconvenient to many people and are likely to be lost. Our gesture recognition algorithm uses IR-UWB radar sensor which has pretty high resolution in ranging and adjustable gesture recognition range, meanwhile, does not have problems in privacy issues or darkness. In this paper, the gesture recognition algorithm is based on the moving direction and distance change of the human hand and the change of the frontal surface area of hand towards radar sensor. By combining these changes while doing gestures, the algorithm may recognize basically 6 kinds of hand gestures. The experimental results show that these gestures are of quite good performance. The performance analysis from experiments is also given.

基于时频域特征融合的IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别方法

冲激脉冲(impulse radio,IR)超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)穿墙雷达因其良好的穿透性和距离分辨率在穿墙人体行为识别领域具有重要作用,但是常规识别方法仅采用单域特征对行为模式进行描述,识别准确率不高。针对这一问题,提出基于时频域特征融合的IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别算法。首先,通过杂波抑制及距离补偿方法获取高信噪比的人体行为距离像。其次,基于距离像提取目标时域特征,与频域特征进行融合,构建数据集。最后,基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法对人体行为进行识别。实验结果表明,所提算法对于IR-UWB穿墙雷达人体行为识别能够达到95%的准确率。

Range Extension and Channel Capacity Increase in Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband Communications

We theoretically analyze the channel capacity of a 5th-order Gaussian pulse-based ultra-wideband （UWB） system and experimentally demonstrate 2 Gbit/s UWB-over-fiber transmission systems incorporating wireless transmission. Both electrical and photonic UWB pulse generation methods are employed and its performance is compared. By utilizing optimum UWB pulse design and employing a digital signal processing （DSP） receiver, a bit-error-rate above the forward error correction （FEC） limit for 8 meters of wireless＇emis- sion is obtained in our photonic generation UWB system. A noticeable increase in the channel capacity is achieved compared to previously reported results.

提高取样积分器稳定性的平衡取样法

提出了一种提高时间分辨率取样积分器稳定性的平衡取样法。利用平衡混频器能够消除本振噪声的原理 ,将两个单二极管取样门接成对称结构 ,由一个取样门脉冲控制 ,通过差分放大消除取样脉冲、偏置电压和二极管参数等变化引起的基线漂移 ,提高了取样积分器的稳定性。同时 ,在基于取样积分器的近距离冲激雷达中 。

舰载无源综合脉冲/孔径雷达及其若干关键问题

本文根据综合脉冲 /孔径雷达采用多个天线同时向全空域辐射多个载频信号 ,而在接收端通过信号处理获得发射方向图的特点 ,提出一种新的雷达体制———舰载无源综合脉冲 /孔径雷达 .该雷达既利用在岸上发射、在舰船上接收而构成岸 舰双 /多基地“广播式”雷达 ,又由于在接收站不发射信号而相当于无源定位 .本文介绍该雷达的基本组成、工作原理及其特点 ;分析其性能 ;讨论该雷达需解决的关键问题 .

多载频MIMO雷达的模糊函数

建立了多载频MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output)雷达的发射、接收信号模型。利用匹配滤波理论并引入阵列的孔径推导出了多载频MIMO雷达的多维模糊函数,并利用MIMO雷达发射信号正交的特点进行简化。证明了在远场窄带情况下可简化为时间和空间分离的函数,推导出距离分辨率由发射信号的带宽以及天线间的带宽同时决定。以简单均匀线阵为例,仿真分析了单基地和双基地情况下多载频线形调频(LFM)信号的多维模糊函数特点和距离分辨率;对双基地雷达来说,目标位置不同距离和角度分辨率都有所变化。

高功率冲激雷达反隐身机理研究

研究了高功率冲激雷达的反隐身机理。主要从高功率冲激雷达具有的高功率、窄脉冲两个方面,分析对比了高功率冲激雷达与常规雷达在探测隐身飞行器能力的差异。实验结果表明,高功率冲激雷达有优越的反隐身能力,通过进一步的研究完全可以实现实用的反隐身高功率冲激雷达系统。

冲激信号SAR成像的方位分辨率分析

本文在分析冲激信号SAR成像特点的基础上 ,在发射和接收均为“超宽带信号”、“大方位积累角”的情况下 ,推导出了冲激信号SAR方位分辨率的解析表达式 ,并通过仿真实验验证了其正确性 .

多载频FMCW在MIMO雷达中的应用研究

介绍多载频MIMO雷达的特点和工作原理,对多载频线性调频连续波(FMCW)信号及其回波进行了分析,并详细论述了MIMO雷达中静止目标和运动目标情况下多载频FMCW信号处理方法以及其中的一些关键问题,如通道分离滤波器的设计、距离分辨率分析、速度补偿精度分析、相参积累周期数的选取等.针对该体制雷达各发射天线间载频不同的特点,提出了采用IFFT相参合成的方法来精测目标距离,获得距离高分辨,具有运算速度快、受目标运动影响小的优点;对运动目标情况下距离多普勒的耦合问题进行了详细分析,并提出了利用相参积累进行补偿的解决方案.

冲激脉冲合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像算法

本文研究了一种用于冲激ＳＡＲ成像处理的算法——反向投影法，该算法不同于满足“远场、窄带”约束条件下的常规ＳＡＲ的频域成像算法。本文阐述了后向投影法基本原理，并对在运用后向投影法成像过程中所遇的一些特殊问题作了分析并提出了解决办法。最后，本文给出了计算机仿真结果，验证了反向投影法的有效性、正确性。