Optimal design of butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor using finite element method and response surface methodology

A new method for optimizing a butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor was proposed to maximize its mechanical output. The finite element analysis technology and response surface methodology were combined together to realize the optimal design of the butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor. First, the operation principle of the motor was introduced. Second, the finite element parameterized model of the stator of the motor was built using ANSYS parametric design language and some structure parameters of the stator were selected as design variables. Third, the sample points were selected in design variable space using latin hypercube Design. Through modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the stator based on these sample points, the target responses were obtained. These sample points and response values were combined together to build a response surface model. Finally, the simplex method was used to find the optimal solution. The experimental results showed that many aspects of the design requirements of the butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor have been fulfilled. The prototype motor fabricated based on the optimal design result exhibited considerably high dynamic performance, such as no-load speed of 873 ram/s, maximal thrust of 27.5 N, maximal efficiency of 43%, and thrust-weight ratio of 45.8.

Rotor Design and Finite Element Analysis of Traveling Wave Rotaty Ultrasonic Motor

The dynamic transfer mechanism of the traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor rotor-stator’ s contact surface is studied in the paper and the key parts stator and cone flexible rotor of ultrasonic motor are designed.The three-dimensional contact model and finite element model considering the radial sliding between the rotor and the stator are established. The relation between the stator surface particle that amplitude frequency characteristics,resonance speed,radial displacement of ultrasonic motor and the tooth height are analyzed. Mass point radial relative displacement of contact surface between the cone flexible rotor,flexible rotor and the stator are contrasted. The cone flexible rotor is better placed on the surface of the stator tooth through its elastic deformation is interpreted. The cone flexible rotor reduces the radial slip between the stator and the output efficiency of ultrasonic motor is improved. The displacement trajectory of the stator surface is synthesized in a row wave cycle. The method of the stator mass point elliptical motion drives the rotor rotation is verified.

LEAD SCREW LINEAR ULTRASONIC MOTOR USING BENDING VIBRATION MODES

The operating principle of a lead screw linear ultrasonic motor using bending vibration modes is analyzed. The simplified beam bending vibration model is used to analyze the dynamics characteristics of the motor. Motion trajectory equations are derived for driving points of the stator. The motor operation and driving mechanisms are investigated. The vibration modes and the construction of the motor are analyzed by using the finite element method （FEM）. A prototype motor is built and its stator dimension is 13 mm × 13 mm× 30 mm. The motor is experimentally characterized and the maximum output force of 5- 2 N is obtained.

ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE NEAR A CONDUCTING CRACK IN A PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC

The finite element formulation for analyzing static damage near a conducting crack in a thin piezoelectric plate is established from the virtual work principle of piezoelectricity.The damage fields under various mechanical and electrical loads are calculated carefully by using an effective iterative procedure.The numerical results show that all the damage fields around a crack tip are fan-shaped and the electric field applied has great influence on the mechanical damage, which is related to the piezoelectric properties.

Optimal design of V-type ultrasonic motor

V-type ultrasonic linear motor fabricated using a simple punching technique was proposed to utilize as an actuator of small precision machine.The stator of the motor is composed of a thin elastic body and four ceramics attached to the upper and bottom areas of the body.The ceramics have each direction of polarization.When two harmonic voltages with a 90° phase difference are applied to the ceramics,symmetric and anti-symmetric displacements will generate at the tip to produce an elliptical motion.A finite element analysis(ATILA) was conducted to simulate the motion pattern for the contact tip of the stator.To develop a model that generates the maximum displacement at contact tip,the FEM program was used for various lengths.In addition,an optimal model was chosen by considering the magnitude and shape of the displacement according to changes in frequency.The maximum elliptical displacement is shown by W2L11 model,which has a ratio of ceramic width to length of 1:5.5.However,the displacement of the contact tip is reduced by the bucking phenomenon if the ratio is larger than 1:6.

ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC BOUNDARY CONDITION EFFECTS ON CRACK PROPAGATION IN PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS

There are three types of cracks: impermeable crack, permeable crack and conducting crack, with different electric boundary conditions on faces of cracks in piezoelectric ceramics, which poses difficulties in the analysis of piezoelectric fracture problems. In this paper, in contrast to our previous FEM formulation, the numerical analysis is based on the use of exact electric boundary conditions at the crack faces, thus the common assumption of electric impermeability in the FEM analysis is avoided. The crack behavior and elasto-electric fields near a crack tip in a PZT-5 piezoelectric ceramic under mechanical, electrical and coupled mechanical- electrical loads with different electric boundary conditions on crack faces are investigated. It is found that the dielectric medium between the crack faces will reduce the singularity of stress and electric displacement. Furthermore, when the permittivity of the dielectric medium in the crack gap is of the same order as that of the piezoelectric ceramic, the crack becomes a conducting crack, the applied electric field has no effect on the crack propagation.

贴片式复合模态型直线超声电机的仿真与试验评价

为了实现结构紧凑、低电压驱动、大推力输出以及高精密定位等性能目标,该研究提出了一种贴片式复合模态型直线超声电机。该电机的定子结构采用贴片式压电陶瓷作为激励单元,通过同时激发定子的B 12和B 2两种弯曲振动模态,实现了两个驱动足处的交替椭圆轨迹运动,借此利用摩擦力驱动动子进行直线运动。首先,应用有限元仿真软件COMSOL对定子的模态和频率响应进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,定子上两驱动足处能够实现预期的椭圆运动轨迹。随后,加工了电机的定子并进行了导纳测试,验证了有限元仿真的正确性。最后,制作了超声电机的原理样机,并通过一系列试验评估了其输出性能。试验结果表明:在100 Vpp电压和66.58 kHz频率条件下,电机的最大空载速度和最大推力分别达到了82.9 mm/s和0.52 N;在1.2 N的预压力作用下,电机的启动电压死区为12 Vpp;在周期为20的正弦波电压信号下,电机实现了2.1μm的步进位移。该研究为贴片式复合模态型直线超声电机的设计和应用提供了重要的理论与试验依据。

单臂圆筒旋转超声电机优化设计

为了解决现有圆筒型超声电机中存在的定子结构复杂及振动耦合问题,设计了一种单臂圆筒旋转超声电机。所设计电机仅使用一组压电陶瓷片即可直接实现圆筒中两列驻波的激励,而非借助纵振陶瓷组和弯振陶瓷组的配合。介绍了单臂圆筒旋转超声电机的工作原理,确定了电机定子的结构参数,并基于有限元对其进行了仿真,在驱动齿所选质点处得到了椭圆的振动轨迹。仿真结果表明该优化设计能够简化电机结构,避免振型干涉,提高电机的机械输出能力。

压电波动法预应力混凝土锈胀监测数值模拟

受工作环境、服役时间等因素影响,预应力钢绞线将发生锈蚀,导致混凝土锈胀开裂,严重威胁着结构的耐久性。为了解构件的锈蚀开裂情况,提出了一种基于压电波动法监测预应力混凝土锈胀开裂的有限元模拟方法。运用Abaqus构建了基于压电波动法的预应力混凝土锈胀开裂细观模型,该模型由砂浆、骨料、构造钢筋、预应力钢绞线及压电陶瓷等组成。分析了压电-锈蚀PC构件机电耦合过程,实现了基于压电应力波法监测钢绞线锈蚀膨胀引发混凝土裂缝发生及发展的整个过程。研究结果表明,从锈蚀开始到轻微锈蚀阶段,压电电压信号峰值升高13.4%,首波接收时间缩短1.2%;从轻微锈蚀阶段到加速锈蚀阶段,直至理论锈蚀率阶段,受锈蚀裂缝影响,压电电压信号峰值降低,首波接收时间延长,电压变化分别减少6.6%和48.6%,首波接收时间分别增加6.0%和29.8%。通过验证试验和模型在各阶段峰值电压的对比,其差值小于0.32 mV,验证了压电波动法监测预应力混凝土锈胀有限元模型的可靠性。

一维堆叠式压电滤波器的研究

研制了一种一维堆叠式压电陶瓷滤波器,对该滤波器的物理模型进行了理论分析和ANSYS有限元仿真,并制作了该结构压电滤波器。通过实验验证其输入、输出频率之间的关系以及相应的滤波效果。测试结果表明,该结构压电滤波器的-3 dB滤波带宽为9 kHz,并在145 kHz附近有较好的窄带滤波特性。

行波接触型超声波电机定子振动有限元分析

行波接触型超声波电机是一种利用压电晶体的逆压电效应获得驱动力矩的新原理微特电机 ,它与由电磁作用获得转矩的电磁型电机的工作原理截然不同。该文在考虑定子环沿径向厚度变化及内外边界约束条件的基础上 ,建立了带有齿的行波接触型超声波电机定子模型 ,利用有限元法进行了定子模态和强迫振动响应分析 ,研究了定子直径和齿高对定子振动的影响。通过计算结果与实验的比较 ,证明有限元方法对于由复合材料构成、具有齿的超声波电机定子振动的分析是一种行之有效的方法。

高速大推力直线型超声电机的设计与实验研究

提出并试制了一种利用2个纵向振子的直线型超声电机。电机定子上两振子对称分布,头部分别和前端盖联接在一起,2个驱动足位于前端盖上。利用定子的对称和反对称振动模态,在驱动足上形成椭圆振动轨迹。对称振动产生驱动推力,反对称振动产生法向压力。采用有限元方法进行了谐振频率对结构参数的灵敏度分析,确定结构参数使定子的两相谐振频率一致。为了获得高速和大推力,驱动头选用硬铝材料,后端盖选用黄铜,压紧螺栓选用镀铬高强度钢材料。在预压力为70N下,样机的空载速度0.75m/s,最大推力16N,是定子重量的22倍。

超声波轴承用压电换能器模态分析及实验研究

设计了超声波轴承用压电换能器,确定所采用的压电换能器的相关参数,并采用有限元法进行压电换能器的振动模态分析,确定压电换能器辐射端面与其他零件组成摩擦副时产生最佳减摩效果的振动模态,并通过实验研究加以验证.研究表明,压电换能器处于纵向振动状态时产生的减摩效果最好.实验证明,超声振动具有良好的减摩性能,同种材料形成的摩擦副,在超声振动状态下静摩擦系数比非振动状态下降低了70%.

压电陶瓷对超声波电动机定子特性的影响

压电陶瓷(Piezoelectric ceramic,PZT)是组成超声波电动机定子的核心元件,其性能的优劣将直接影响超声波电动机的输出性能。为了研究PZT对超声波电动机定子特性的影响,利用有限元法建立超声波电动机自由定子的机电耦合动力学模型,利用该模型重点研究PZT厚度、极化分区形式、极化不均匀性以及PZT开路和短路条件时对定子动态特性的影响,并提出基于能量的PZT极化分区形式、极化不均匀性对定子动态特性影响程度的评价方法。采用自然对流传热问题的牛顿冷却定律和热容理论,建立超声波电机定子的温度特性理论模型,基于该模型研究PZT材料介电损耗对电动机定子的温度特性影响。研究结果表明:电动机定子模态频率随PZT厚度的增大而增加,而定子表面质点的振动幅值则随PZT厚度的增加而减小;PZT开路时的定子模态频率比短路时的模态频率大;改进PZT极化分区形式和极化不均匀性均可以提高超声波电动机自由定子的动态特性。基于该研究结果制作的直径10.4mm行波型超声波电动机性能稳定,堵转力矩达到9.5mN·m,空载转速1000r/min,研究结果有助于超声波电动机的产业化。

基于液压微位移放大结构的新型压电陶瓷直接驱动阀设计及仿真

研制一种基于液压微位移放大结构的压电陶瓷直接驱动伺服阀,实现大流量高频响的要求。针对压电陶瓷输出力大但输出位移小的特点,设计出一种新型的液压微位移放大结构,由柔性铰链膜片式大活塞、密闭容腔、小活塞及压力调节和测量装置构成。采用叠堆式压电陶瓷驱动大活塞,改变密闭容腔内油液的体积形态,放大小活塞端输出位移,驱动滑阀阀芯运动。大活塞采用膜片结构,降低压电陶瓷叠堆的负载,提高密封性能。针对刚性膜片刚度和强度矛盾的问题,设计柔性铰链膜片,对该膜片结构的刚度进行理论分析和数值计算验证。应用有限元方法对结构及各参数进行优化设计,并对最终结构进行刚度和强度分析。基于试制原理样机参数,建模仿真表明液压位移放大倍数9倍,阀芯位置控制误差小于1%。频宽超过550 Hz。试验测得流量曲线,7 MPa压力下,控制流量达到17 L/min。

大推力推挽纵振弯纵复合直线超声电机

提出一种大功率夹心式纵弯复合直线超声电机。电机定子主体结构由2个小端相连的指数形变幅杆组成,并在连接处设有驱动足。纵弯振动叠加并在驱动足处产生具有驱动作用的椭圆轨迹。在经典变幅杆理论和变幅杆弯振的传递矩阵分析法的基础上,利用有限差分法,分析各结构参数变化对纵弯谐振频率变化的灵敏度,选取敏感度最大的参数作为设计变量,将电机的纵弯频率简并至27.476kHz。有限元仿真和阻抗特性测试结果与理论计算结果吻合。讨论分析了纵弯振动间的耦合作用并提出带耦合环节的等效电路模型拓扑结构,并利用单相驱动实验验证模型的正确性。电机样机的最大速度为1280mm/s,最大推力为45N。

基于ANSYS的压电陶瓷晶片PZT仿真分析

电力支柱瓷绝缘子超声波检测对预防和检测绝缘子裂纹和断裂起到重要作用,换能器是超声波检测的基础元件,而换能器的核心部件是压电陶瓷晶片,其性能直接影响到检测结果。该文研究针对有限元法和传统解析法在压电陶瓷晶片特性分析中的不足,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对压电陶瓷锆钛酸铝(PZT)晶片进行特性分析,基于ANSYS的电-结构耦合场模型,对超声波换能器的矩形压电晶片进行静态、模态、谐响应和瞬态分析。通过模态分析和谐响应分析可得到晶片的一阶纵向振动和二阶弯曲振动的固有频率、振型及频率位移响应及影响因素等信息,研究结果对提高超声辐射功率及超声换能器的性能有一定的理论指导和工程应用价值。

多脉冲固体火箭发动机陶瓷舱盖结构分析

针对多脉冲火箭发动机用陶瓷舱盖材料拉压模量不同的特性,利用ANSYS软件建立了平面轴对称有限元模型,分析了隔舱接触面上的压力与摩擦力对舱盖危险点应力的影响。结果表明,无论舱盖凸面受压还是凹面受压,轴心凸面处始终是结构的危险位置;增大结构预紧力并减小接触面的摩擦力可改善舱盖的应力分布。

中空环形行波超声波电机有限元接触模型

采用有限元法建立了佳能镜头上使用的中空环形行波超声波电机定转子接触模型.通过建立定转子有限元接触模型并在定子中性面上施加行波运动,得到定子齿表面质点的斜椭圆运动及其与转子的接触状态,比较了空载和堵转情况下定转子接触表面质点的法向和切向运动及定转子接触压力分布.空载和堵转时接触压力分布有明显不同,表明负载转矩对接触压力分布有影响.用实验数据对提出的理论模型进行了验证,理论分析结果与实验数据基本吻合.最后,对电机转子结构提出了改进方法,理论分析表明,采用改进后的转子,电机的转矩-转速特性有了明显改善.