This review gives a short introduction into the principles of ultrasonic measurement techniques for liquids, using cavity resonators. Guidelines for the resonator design in broad-band ultrasonic stxctroscopy as well a...This review gives a short introduction into the principles of ultrasonic measurement techniques for liquids, using cavity resonators. Guidelines for the resonator design in broad-band ultrasonic stxctroscopy as well as in high-resolution single-frequncy or narrowband applications are presented. Deviations of the field configuration in real cells frtxn that in an ideal resonator are discussed and relations for the mode spectrum of cavity fields are given. Recent resonator measurement procedures and methods of data evaluation are mentioned briefly. Some examples of measurements show the extended usability of ultrasonic resonator techniques in basic science and in a wide range of applications for rrkaterials characterization, in manufacturing processes, as well as in control routines.展开更多
A measurement scheme carried out in a tank is designed to obtain the compressionaland shear-wave velocities of a large elastic material.A hydrophone is used to receive the high frequency acoustic signals which penetra...A measurement scheme carried out in a tank is designed to obtain the compressionaland shear-wave velocities of a large elastic material.A hydrophone is used to receive the high frequency acoustic signals which penetrate the tested material,in order to determine the transmission time from the source to the hydrophone,the transmission time is also calculated according to the ray acoustic theory in layered media.A cost function is built based on the measured and the calculated transmission time,then the compressional- and shear-wave velocities can be obtained using the optimization algorithm.Compared with the traditional measurement scheme,this approach can not only get the 2 kinds of sound velocities in the tested material at the same time,but also keep the integrality of the tested material.With the proposed measurement system,the uncertainty of measurement results is less than 3.5%.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A series of colossal magneto resistance (CMR) materials with compositional formula Pr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5<...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A series of colossal magneto resistance (CMR) materials with compositional formula Pr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mn</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1-x</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were prepared by sol-gel technique using pure metal nitrates as the starting materials. These samples were characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM. All the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples exhibit orthorhombic structure without any detectable impurities.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bulk den</span><span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sities for all the compositions were measured from the pellets. The Young’s and Rigidity moduli, Poisson’s ratio and Debye temperature of all the compositions were calculated with the experimentally measured ultra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sonic longitudinal and shear velocities at room temperature using pulse</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> transmission technique. As the materials are porous, zero porous elastic moduli have also been calculated using a well-known Hasselmann and Fulrath model. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The observed variation of elastic moduli with varying chromium doping</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentration has been studied qualitatively.</span></span></span>展开更多
文摘This review gives a short introduction into the principles of ultrasonic measurement techniques for liquids, using cavity resonators. Guidelines for the resonator design in broad-band ultrasonic stxctroscopy as well as in high-resolution single-frequncy or narrowband applications are presented. Deviations of the field configuration in real cells frtxn that in an ideal resonator are discussed and relations for the mode spectrum of cavity fields are given. Recent resonator measurement procedures and methods of data evaluation are mentioned briefly. Some examples of measurements show the extended usability of ultrasonic resonator techniques in basic science and in a wide range of applications for rrkaterials characterization, in manufacturing processes, as well as in control routines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11104044)Science and Technology Foundation of State Key Laboratory(9140C200103110C20)the Key Project of NationalNatural Science Foundation(11234002)
文摘A measurement scheme carried out in a tank is designed to obtain the compressionaland shear-wave velocities of a large elastic material.A hydrophone is used to receive the high frequency acoustic signals which penetrate the tested material,in order to determine the transmission time from the source to the hydrophone,the transmission time is also calculated according to the ray acoustic theory in layered media.A cost function is built based on the measured and the calculated transmission time,then the compressional- and shear-wave velocities can be obtained using the optimization algorithm.Compared with the traditional measurement scheme,this approach can not only get the 2 kinds of sound velocities in the tested material at the same time,but also keep the integrality of the tested material.With the proposed measurement system,the uncertainty of measurement results is less than 3.5%.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A series of colossal magneto resistance (CMR) materials with compositional formula Pr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mn</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1-x</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cr</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were prepared by sol-gel technique using pure metal nitrates as the starting materials. These samples were characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM. All the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples exhibit orthorhombic structure without any detectable impurities.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bulk den</span><span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sities for all the compositions were measured from the pellets. The Young’s and Rigidity moduli, Poisson’s ratio and Debye temperature of all the compositions were calculated with the experimentally measured ultra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sonic longitudinal and shear velocities at room temperature using pulse</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> transmission technique. As the materials are porous, zero porous elastic moduli have also been calculated using a well-known Hasselmann and Fulrath model. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The observed variation of elastic moduli with varying chromium doping</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentration has been studied qualitatively.</span></span></span>