Evaluation of Improved Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Miniature Simultaneous Microwave Plasma Torch Spectrometer

A new automatic sample solution introduction system for miniature simultaneous microwave plasma torch（MPT） atomic emission spectrometer was developed. The operating parameters were optimized. The detection limits of the spectrometer with an ultrasonic nebulizer for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, and V are 5-10 times lower than those obtained with a pneumatic nebulizer and are also lower than those obtained by a Model JX-lOlO MPT spectrometer. Two practical samples were analyzed to test the reliability and sensitivity of the system.

Highly Efficient, One Pot Synthesis and Oxidation of Hantsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines Mediated by Iodobenzene Diacetate (III) Using Conventional Heating, Ultrasonic and Microwave Irradiation

A mild, general, convenient, and efficient one-pot synthesis of 4-arylpyridines (4) is described using conventional heating, ultrasound and microwave irradiation. Aryl aldehydes (2) were efficiently condensed with ethylacetoacetate (1) and ammonium acetate in acetonitrile to give dihydropyridine intermediates (4). The latter underwent a smooth Iodobenzene Diacetate (III) mediated aromatization reaction in the same pot to afford 4-arylpyridines (4) in good to excellent yields.

EVALUATON OF MICROWAVE PLASMA TORCH FOR ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY WITH AN ULTRASONIC NEBULIZATION SAMPLE INTRODUCTION SYSTEM

In this paper, a new MPT(microwave plasma torch) device has been used as a atomizer for atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Spme elements, such as Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Co, Mg, Cu, Ag, Mn, Fe have been investigated in detail.

A Comparative Study of Process Parameter Optimization and Process of Flavonoid in Planted Trollius Chinensis through Backflow Method, Ultrasonic Wave Method and MicrowaveMethod

It takes flavonoid extraction rate as indicator and adopts the method of orthogonal experiment to study process of total flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction and backflow extraction, as well as optimization of process parameter. The result indicates that in terms of extraction efficiency, microwave extraction method is better than ultrasonic radiation extraction method, which is better than backflow extraction method. Optimal process parameter through backflow extraction is： backflow temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, backflow time 60min; optimal process parameter through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction is： ultrasonic radiation temperature 70℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, ultrasonic wave radiation time 45rain; optimal process parameter of microwave assisted extraction is： microwave radiation temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 75%, microwave radiation time 45min.

Ultrasonic Microwave Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Sipunculus nudus

[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize experimental conditions for extraction of polysaccharides from Sipunculus nudus.[Methods]With the Sipunculus nudus from Sanya as the experimental material,S.nudus polysaccharide was extracted by ultrasonic microwave assisted method,during which univariate factors including solid-liquid ratio,time,temperature,ultrasonic power,microwave power were investigated,to select optimal extracting conditions,which were also demonstrated and optimized by variance and response surface analysis.The optimized conditions were adopted to carry out a test,in which the absorbance of S.nudus polysaccharide was measured with an ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer,followed by the calculation of the extracting amount of polysaccharide,and precision test and recovery test were also carried out to verify the experimental method.[Results]The standard solutions were determined at the maximum absorption wavelength of 486 nm,and the regression equation was A = 0.2677 C + 0.001 8,R^2= 0.999 8.Solid-liquid ratio,time,temperature,ultrasonic power and microwave power were investigated by univariate analysis and then optimized by response surface method as follows: solid-liquid ratio at 1:20( g/ml),time of 35 min,temperature at 50 ℃,ultrasonic power at 420 W and microwave power at 300 W,under which the measured extracting amount of S.nudus polysaccharide was1.37 mg/g.The RSD was 0.985% in precision experiment.In the repeatability test,the extracting amounts of polysaccharide were 1.41,1.43 and 1.38 mg/g for three parallel tests,respectively,with a RSD of 1.140%.The recovery test obtained following results: for group a( added with glucose standard) : the recovery of S.nudus polysaccharide was in the range of 100.3%-101.4%,RSD = 0.03%; and for group b( not added with glucose standard) : the recovery of S.nudus polysaccharide was in the range of 99.7%-100.3%,RSD = 0.02%.[Conclusions]The research method is stable and reliable.This study provides data basis and reference for follow-up study on S.nudus.

Effect of Combined Microwave-Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Anaerobic Biodegradability of Primary, Excess Activated and Mixed Sludge

This work deals with the effect of combined microwave-ultrasonic pretreatment on the anaerobic biodegradability of primary, excess activated and mixed sludge. The characteristics, biodegradability and anaerobic digester performance for untreated primary, excess activated and mixed sludge were compared to combined microwave-ultrasonic pretreated primary, excess activated and mixed sludge. All sludge samples were subjected to Microwave treatment at 2450 MHz, 800 W and 3 min followed by ultrasonic treatment at a density of 0.4 W/mL, amplitude of 90%, Intensity of 150 W, pulse of 55/5 for 6min. Methane production in pretreated primary sludge was significantly greater (11.9 ml/g TCOD) than the methane yield of the untreated primary sludge (7.9 ml/g TCOD). Cumulative methane production of pretreated Excess Activated Sludge (EAS) was higher (66.5 ml/g TCOD) than the methane yield from pretreated mixed sludge (44.1 ml/g TCOD). Furthermore, digested EAS showed significantly higher dewaterability (201 s) than digested primary sludge (305 s) or mixed sludge (522 s). The average Methane: Carbondioxide ratio from EAS (1.85) was higher than that for mixed untreated sludge (1.24). VS reduction was also higher for EAS than the other two sludge types. However, pretreatment of EAS resulted in significant reduction in dewaterability due to higher percentage of fine floc particles in the pretreated EAS.

Process−microstructure−properties relationship in Al−CNTs−Al2O3 nanocomposites manufactured by hybrid powder metallurgy and microwave sintering process

Al−2CNTs−xAl2O3 nanocomposites were manufactured by a hybrid powder metallurgy and microwave sintering process.The correlation between process-induced microstructural features and the material properties including physical and mechanical properties as well as ultrasonic parameters was measured.It was found that physical properties including densification and physical dimensional changes were closely associated with the morphology and particle size of nanocomposite powders.The maximum density was obtained by extensive particle refinement at milling time longer than 8 h and Al2O3 content of 10 wt.%.Mechanical properties were controlled by Al2O3 content,dispersion of nano reinforcements and grain size.The optimum hardness and strength properties were achieved through incorporation of 10 wt.%Al2O3 and homogenous dispersion of CNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles(NPs)at 12 h of milling which resulted in the formation of high density of dislocations and extensive grain size refinement.Also both longitudinal and shear velocities and attenuation increase linearly by increasing Al2O3 content and milling time.The variation of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation was attributed to the degree of dispersion of CNTs and Al2O3 and also less inter-particle spacing in the matrix.The larger Al2O3 content and more homogenous dispersion of CNTs and Al2O3 NPs at longer milling time exerted higher velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic wave.

The Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide from Sipunculus nudus by Response Surface Methodology and Study on Antioxidant Activity

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of Sipunculus nudus polysaccharide and study the antioxidant activity of S. nudus polysaccharide. [Methods] S. nudus polysaccharide was extracted by ultrasonic microwave assisted method,during which univariate factors including solidliquid ratio,time,temperature,ultrasonic power,microwave power were investigated,to select optimal extracting conditions,which were also verified by an response surface optimization experiment( an four-factor three-level test); and the antioxidant activity of S. nudus polysaccharide was studied by determining its DPPH radical scavenging capacity. [Results]Through univariate factor investigation and response surface optimization test,it was found that the response surface results were consistent with univariate results. The optimized conditions were as follows: solid-liquid ratio at 1∶ 15,ultrasonic temperature at 60 ℃,ultrasonic power of 360 W and microwave power of 200 W,and the predicted polysaccharide extracting amount was 4. 35 mg/g. Under the optimized extracting conditions,the average extracting amount of S. nudus polysaccharide was 4. 38 mg/g,which is close to the theoretical predicted value( 4. 35 mg/g). And the results of this study also showed that different concentrations of polysaccharide solutions have different scavenging effects on DPPH free radical. At the polysaccharide concentration of0. 16 mg/ml,the maximum value of DPPH radical scavenging rate was 7. 22%,indicating that polysaccharide has certain antioxidant capacity. [Conclusions]This method is a new trial with satisfactory results.

Ultrasound-guided No Touch liver pedicle microwave ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment

Objective This study aimed to investigate the feasibility,safety,and clinical effect of No Touch liver pedicle microwave ablation(NTLP-MWA).Methods The outcomes of 118 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)between 2014 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into three groups.In group A,35 patients underwent ultrasound-guided NTLP-MWA,27 in Group B were treated with routine microwave ablation(RMWA),and 56 in group C underwent anatomic hepatectomy(AH).The preoperative basic data,intraoperative data,and postoperative data were analyzed among the three groups.Results The treatment time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative liver function(alanine transaminase)in the NTLP-MWA and RMWA groups were significantly different from those in the AH group(all P<0.005).There was no difference in the complete elimination rate and local recurrence within 1 year among the three groups.Treatment was not an independent risk factor for early postoperative recurrence.There was no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rates among the three groups.Conclusion NTLP-MWA is safe and reliable,in accordance with the principles of oncology treatment,and worth further promotion in clinical practice.

超声波-微波联合辅助提取澳洲坚果青皮多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为了开发澳洲坚果青皮多糖产品,促进澳洲坚果青皮的综合利用,我们以澳洲坚果青皮为试材,比较澳洲坚果果实不同部位的多糖提取率,并采用超声波-微波联合辅助法,运用单因素与正交试验比较微波功率、提取时间、料液比、超声温度4个因素对多糖提取率的影响,研究其最优提取条件。以维生素C为对照,测定澳洲坚果青皮多糖清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、羟基自由基的能力与还原力,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,澳洲坚果果实不同部位中,青皮多糖提取率最高。青皮多糖超声波-微波联合辅助提取工艺中各因素对提取率的影响力从高到低依次为提取时间>料液比>超声温度>微波功率,且均达到极显著水平(p<0.01),最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间90 min、超声温度65℃、料液比(1∶25)g/mL、微波功率400 W,此条件下提取率达到1.96%。澳洲坚果青皮多糖的抗氧化活性与质量浓度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),相关系数R分别为0.9707、0.9813、0.9912,具有较强的DPPH、羟基自由基清除能力和较高的还原力,其半抑制浓度(IC 50)分别为38.55、20.38、41.51μg/mL,相同浓度下略低于维生素C。

响应面优化超声波微波协同提取猕猴桃茎黄酮工艺及抗氧化活性分析

为提高软枣猕猴桃树体资源利用率,以野生软枣猕猴桃茎为实验原料,并使用超声波微波协同提取猕猴桃茎总黄酮,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计,评价影响茎黄酮提取效率的超声功率、超声时间等7个因素,并筛选出其中3个显著影响因素:料液比、超声温度、微波时间.在此基础上,进一步采用Box-Benhnken最陡爬坡路径方法及响应面设计优化出3个显著影响因素的最佳参数水平.结果显示:料液比45 mL/g、超声温度55℃、微波时间5.5 min,此条件作用下,黄酮类化合物提取率可达9.25%.在测定的质量浓度中,软枣猕猴桃茎黄酮对DPPH、羟基的清除能力优于VC,而对超氧阴离子的清除差于VC,但对三种自由基均有一定清除能力.以上结果表明,软枣猕猴桃茎黄酮提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性.

超声波微波协同浸提工艺优化及速溶红茶产品品质分析

为提高速溶红茶品质,研究超声波微波协同浸提工艺,考察不同因素(超声时间、超声功率、微波时间、微波功率、微波温度)对茶黄素总量及其单体组分含量的影响,并通过响应面优化条件。在此基础上对速溶红茶产品进行感官审评和主要理化指标的测定。结果表明:最优工艺条件为超声时间31 min、超声功率360 W、微波时间9 min、微波温度52℃、微波功率203 W。在该工艺条件下,速溶红茶的汤色红亮,香气醇厚,感官审评总分为91.73,其中香气90.00、汤色91.80、组织形态92.40、滋味94.20;茶黄素总含量高达3.74%,茶多酚含量为24.11%。

不同提取工艺对刺梨中维生素C提取量的影响研究

本文以柠檬酸为提取剂,分别采用浸提法、超声辅助法、微波辅助法提取刺梨果肉中维生素C,并利用紫外分光光度计测定维生素C提取量。结果表明,超声辅助提取法的提取率最高,在超声功率为80 W、超声时间为8 min条件下,维生素C的提取量为35.9 mg·g^(-1)。

超声波、微波预处理对核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合能力、结构及稳定性的影响

本研究基于超声波、微波预处理核桃粕蛋白肽及CaCl_(2)的混合物制备核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合物。分析不同处理对核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合率、结构变化及稳定性的影响。结果表明,相较未处理的核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合物(WPP-Ca),超声波处理核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合物(UP-WPP-Ca)和微波处理核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合物(MP-WPP-Ca)的螯合率均有所提升,超声波和微波处理有效提高了肽钙螯合能力。基于紫外-可见吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,发现超声波、微波主要是影响了核桃粕蛋白肽的氨基、羰基、羧基、酰胺键及羧酸盐基团等钙离子结合位点;X射线衍射结果表明超声波、微波处理改变了核桃粕蛋白肽的分子排列进而使核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合物的结构更有序;荧光光谱结果表明超声波、微波处理促进了芳香族氨基酸与钙离子的螯合。此外,UP-WPP-Ca和MP-WPP-Ca在不同pH值、温度和胃肠道消化中表现出良好的稳定性。总之,超声波、微波预处理后进行的核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合反应可提高其钙离子螯合能力和稳定性,结果对核桃粕蛋白肽钙螯合物的加工生产及补钙产品的开发具有一定的指导意义。

超声预处理对荠菜微波干燥品质的影响

为提高荠菜的微波干燥品质,采用不同超声功率(4、6、8和10 W/g)对荠菜进行预处理,研究荠菜的传质特性、微观结构、水分分布、酶活性、微波干燥特性、色泽、复水性、营养成分和风味特性。结果表明:(1)相较于未超声对照组,超声预处理显著降低了荠菜中过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性(P<0.05),提高了干物质损失率;(2)超声预处理后,荠菜内部细胞间隙及直径增大,荠菜的水分自由度增大,当超声预处理功率为6 W/g时,细胞结构较为完整;(3)超声预处理促使荠菜微波干燥速率提高,超声预处理功率为6 W/g时,荠菜干燥速率较高,有效水分扩散系数为2.1531×10^(−6) m^(2)/s;(4)荠菜微波干燥动力学模型拟合结果显示,Page模型决定系数R^(2)(0.9891~0.9950)较高,均方根误差RMSE(0.0242~0.0351)及卡方值χ^(2)(0.0006~0.0012)较低,拟合效果最佳;(5)超声预处理功率为6 w/g时,微波干制荠菜的复水比较高,叶绿素、总黄酮和总酚含量分别为39.29、24.66、7.70 mg/g,这3种营养成分含量均显著高于未超声对照组(P<0.05);(6)相较于新鲜荠菜,超声预处理提高了微波荠菜干制品中的氮氧化合物、含硫化合物和芳香成分响应值及丰富度、咸味和酸味强度。综合分析,以6 W/g超声功率对荠菜进行预处理,荠菜微波干制品品质最佳。该研究可为荠菜精深加工提供一定的理论依据和技术参考。

解冻方式对冷冻魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶特性和结构的影响

为解决冷冻魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)凝胶解冻后质构性能下降的问题,该研究采用4℃冰箱、25℃空气、25℃水浸、40℃水浸、微波和超声波6种解冻方式对冷冻KGM凝胶进行解冻,测定解冻后凝胶特性及结构变化。结果表明,4℃冰箱解冻时间最长,且解冻后KGM凝胶白度较25℃空气下降2.96%,但析水率最低。25、40℃水浸解冻时间相对于25℃空气更短,但40℃解冻的凝胶网络结构因脱水收缩破坏严重,析水率提高了16.48%。微波解冻时间和凝胶白度相比于25℃空气分别下降了99.71%和0.75%。超声波解冻KGM凝胶的白度、硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性较好,较25℃空气分别提升了4.68%、66.05%、74.44%、75.61%,析水率下降了19.56%,具有更均匀致密且孔径更小的凝胶网络结构。微波和超声波解冻能使KGM凝胶体系内的氢键稍有增强,而4℃冰箱解冻可略微降低冷冻KGM凝胶的结晶度,但不同解冻处理均未影响KGM的化学主干结构、脱乙酰行为和结晶形态。超声波解冻能够高效且有效地维持解冻后KGM凝胶的品质。该研究结果可为KGM凝胶食品生产提供理论指导。

超声协同微波法制备抗性糊精及其结构和体外消化特性

以小麦淀粉为原料,采用单因素及正交试验优化抗性糊精制备工艺,并表征其结构和体外模拟消化。结果表明,超声协同微波法的最佳制备工艺条件为盐酸浓度0.3mol/L、超声时间30min、微波功率700 W、微波时间10min,此工艺条件下抗性糊精含量为63.71%,白度为70.51%。与酸热法相比,抗性糊精含量提高了9.32%,白度升高了7.76%;与微波法相比,抗性糊精含量提高了3.57%,白度升高了11.11%。在精制工艺中,将酶解液按3∶1(体积比)进行浓缩,用78%乙醇溶液沉淀4次,再用3%活性炭在40℃、pH3的条件下脱色30min,此时抗性糊精的纯度为91.28%,得率为50.73%。制得的抗性糊精相较于小麦淀粉结晶度降低,但没有产生新的官能团,在热转化过程中因其有序的结晶结构被破坏而没有出现吸热峰。模拟体外消化的结果显示,超声协同微波法制备的抗性糊精抗消化成分含量高达97.66%,显著高于酸热法、微波法制备的抗性糊精,表明相较于原有方法超声协同微波法能制备出品质更高的抗性糊精。

应用微波网络分析的界面刚度超声检测研究

界面刚度是表征装配结构性能的重要参数,作为常见的无损检测方式,超声检测被广泛应用于界面刚度检测,但现有界面刚度超声检测仍存在一定不足。对现有实验方法进行改良,在传统超声检测理论基础上,将微波网络分析从电磁波领域迁移到超声波领域,将“场”理论与“路”理论相结合,通过检测微波网络分析仪S参数表征界面刚度,并与软件有限元仿真和传统超声检测实验结果进行对比,对界面刚度进行检测与评价。研究显示,相比于传统超声检测,使用微波网络S参数表征接触界面刚度时,检测方法简化实验流程,且检测结果更符合实际接触情况。微波网络分析与超声检测相结合的检测方法在重大装备关键装配界面接触情况测试中具有重要应用前景。

超声和微波原理快速石蜡技术的应用比较

目的比较基于超声与微波2种不同原理快速石蜡技术的应用效果。方法收集2022年1-12月苏州大学附属第一医院病理科通过超声空化法与微波法处理的快速石蜡标本,通过分析苏木精-伊红(HE)染色制片优良率、免疫组化染色、荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测效果及处理时间、试剂环保性等,比较2种不同原理快速石蜡技术的应用效果。结果超声空化法共处理快速石蜡标本1989例,微波法处理快速石蜡标本1540例,2种技术均广泛应用于全身多处小组织活检,HE切片优良率均达到99%,2种技术处理的快速石蜡切片HE染色评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声空化法处理的快速石蜡标本有3例出现脱片现象(脱片率为0.15%),微波法处理的快速石蜡标本8例出现脱片现象(脱片率为0.53%),2组脱片率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2种技术免疫组化染色效果均满意;2种技术处理的快速石蜡切片FISH检测效果满意,均不影响结果判读;超声空化快速石蜡技术处理时间为69(63,76)min,微波法快速石蜡技术处理时间为123(119,126)min,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2种不同原理快速石蜡技术制片优良率均高于99%,在HE染色、免疫组化及FISH检测方面效果一致,但综合组织脱片率及组织处理时间考虑,基于超声空化原理的快速石蜡技术更值得临床推广。

管萼山豆根总黄酮的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以管萼山豆根的叶为原料,采用微波-超声波辅助低共熔溶剂(DES)提取总黄酮,筛选出较优的DES体系,在单因素试验的基础上,运用Plackett-Burman和响应面试验优化其提取工艺;并考察了最佳提取工艺下总黄酮对DPPH·、·ABTS^(+)和·OH的清除作用。研究结果表明:较优的DES溶剂体系为n(氯化胆碱)∶n(三乙二醇)=1∶3,总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间45 min、提取温度74℃、料液比1∶45(g∶mL)、微波功率300 W、DES含水量25%、超声波功率300 W,在该条件下叶中总黄酮得率为3.460%;分别采用乙酸乙酯、热乙酸乙酯(50±1)℃、大孔吸附树脂AB-8、NKA-9和D101分离总黄酮,其回收率分别为23.40%、28.09%、88.66%、71.55%和41.86%;AB-8大孔树脂分离所得总黄酮对DPPH·、·ABTS^(+)与·OH的半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))值分别为0.01705、0.01835和0.12330 g/L;总黄酮对DPPH·、·ABTS^(+)的清除率显著高于维生素C(V_(c)),而对·OH的清除率略低于V_(c)。进一步分析发现:优化条件下叶总黄酮得率(3.460%)高于茎(2.059%)和根(1.875%),高于单一微波提取(3.377%)和超声波提取(3.390%),低于加热回流提取(3.635%),但所需时间仅为加热回流提取的1/4。