New Iron-based SiC Spherical Composite Magnetic Abrasive for Magnetic Abrasive Finishing

SiC magnetic abrasive is used to polish surfaces of precise, complex parts which are hard, brittle and highly corrosion-resistant in magnetic abrasive finishing（MAF）. Various techniques are employed to produce this magnetic abrasive, but few can meet production demands because they are usually time-consuming, complex with high cost, and the magnetic abrasives made by these techniques have irregular shape and low bonding strength that result in low processing efficiency and shorter service life. Therefore, an attempt is made by combining gas atomization and rapid solidification to fabricate a new iron-based SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive. The experimental system to prepare this new magnetic abrasive is constructed according to the characteristics of gas atomization and rapid solidification process and the performance requirements of magnetic abrasive. The new iron-based SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive is prepared successfully when the machining parameters and the composition proportion of the raw materials are controlled properly. Its morphology, microstructure, phase composition are characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis. The MAF tests on plate of mold steel S136 are carried out without grinding lubricant to assess the finishing performance and service life of this new SiC magnetic abrasive. The surface roughness（Ra） of the plate worked is rapidly reduced to 0.051 μm from an initial value of 0.372 μm within 5 min. The MAF test is carried on to find that the service life of this new SiC magnetic abrasive reaches to 155 min. The results indicate that this process presented is feasible to prepare the new SiC magnetic abrasive; and compared with previous magnetic abrasives, the new SiC spherical composite magnetic abrasive has excellent finishing performance, high processing efficiency and longer service life. The presented method to fabricate magnetic abrasive through gas atomization and rapid solidification presented can significantly improve the finishing performance and service life of magnetic abrasive, and provide a more practical approach for large-scale industrial production of magnetic abrasive.

Study of corrective abrasive finishing for plane surfaces using magnetic abrasive finishing processes

On the basis of ordinary plane magnetic abrasive finishing,a finishing method is proposed that can improve the flatness of a plane workpiece.In this method,the feed speed is varied during finishing according to the profile curve of the initial surface and the material removal efficiency,to control the effective finishing time in different areas and thereby improve the surface flatness.A small magnetic pole with an end face diameter of 1 mm is designed,and a ferromagnetic plate is placed under the workpiece to improve the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution near the magnetic pole.An experiment on an A5052 aluminum alloy plate workpiece shows that after 60 min of finishing using the proposed method,the extreme difference of the workpiece surface can be reduced from 14.317μm to 2.18μm,and the standard deviation can be reduced from 3.322μm to 0.417μm.At the same time,according to the measurement results,a similar flatness can be achieved at different positions on the finishing area.Thus,the proposed variable-speed finishing method leads to obvious improvements in flatness.

Ultrasonic magnetic abrasive finishing

Put forward a new kind of polishing method,ultrasonic magnetic abrasive fin-ishing(UMAF),and studied its mechanism of improving polishing efficiency.By analyzingall kind of forces acting on single abrasive particle in the polishing process and calculatingthe Size of the composition of forces,get the conclusion that UMAF will enhance the effi-ciency of the normal magnetic abrasive finishing(MAF)due to the ultrasonic vibration in-creases the cutting force and depth.At last the idea of designing the UMAF system basedon numerical control milling machine is put forward which is convenient to setup and willaccelerate the practical application of MAF.

Investigation of the application of a magnetic abrasive finishing process using an alternating magnetic field for finishing micro-grooves

A magnetic abrasive finishing process using an alternating magnetic field is proposed for the finishing of complex surfaces.In an alternating field,the periodic changes in current will cause the magnetic cluster used as a magnetic brush to fluctuate,which will not only continuously replace the abrasive particles in contact with the workpiece,but also periodically adjust the shape of the magnetic cluster to better fit the surface of the workpiece.In this paper,the influence of a combination of alternating and static magnetic fields on the magnetic field in the finishing area is analyzed.The feasibility of this process for finishing micro-grooves is investigated.Simulations and experimental measurements show that the combination of alternating and static magnetic fields can retain the advantages of the alternating field while increasing the magnetic flux density in the finishing area.The experimental results show that the process is feasible for finishing micro-grooves,with an excellent deburring effect on the groove edges.

Hybrid post-processing effects of magnetic abrasive finishing and heat treatment on surface integrity and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloys

Desired microstructure and surface integrity are critical to achieving the high performance of additively manufactured components.In the present work,the hybrid post-processes of magnetic abrasive finishing(MAF)and post-heat treatment(HT)were applied to the additively manufactured Inconel718 superalloys.Their hybrid effects and influencing mechanism on the surface quality and mechanical properties of the additively manufactured samples have been studied comparatively.The results show that the MAF process effectively reduces the surface roughness by more than an order of magnitude due to the flexibility and geometric consistency of the magnetic particles and abrasives with the finished surfaces.The proper sequence of MAF and HT obtains enhanced mechanical properties for the homogenized-MAF-aged sample with the yield strength of 1147 MPa,the ultimate tensile strength of 1334 MPa,and the elongation of 22.9%,which exceeds the standard wrought material.The surface integrity,compressive residual stress field,and grain refinement induced by the MAF and subsequent aging heat treatment increase the cracking resistance and delay the fracture failure,which significantly benefits the mechanical properties.The MAF process combined with proper post-heat treatment provides an effective pathway to improve the mechanical properties of additively manufactured materials.

利用双磁极平面磁力研磨法对单晶硅表面的抛光实验研究

为实现单晶硅表面平坦化,提出双磁极磁力研磨法(DMAF),并设计一套双磁极磁力研磨装置。探究双磁极磁力研磨法的加工机理,明确关键加工参数对单晶硅表面质量的影响,通过单因素对比实验对加工参数进行优化;利用ANSYS MAXWELL有限元软件,对传统平面磁力研磨法与双磁极磁力研磨法的磁场强度进行模拟仿真,对比两种方法在加工区域形成的磁感应强度,以实现定量分析磁性磨料粒子的研磨压力。基于单因素实验结果,确定了双磁极磁力研磨法对单晶硅片表面加工优化后的研磨参数:磨料组合为#200电解铁粉(Fe_(3)O_(4))+#8000白刚玉(White abrasive,WA),磁极间隙为12 mm,磁极转速为300 r/min,磨料质量比为3∶1。结果表明:在优化的研磨参数条件下,研磨60 min后的单晶硅片的平均表面粗糙度由初始的0.578μm降至8 nm,在研磨区域基本实现了镜面加工效果。仿真结果表明:与传统平面磁力研磨法相比,双磁极磁力研磨法可显著提高加工区域的磁感应强度,该研磨法所产生的磁场强度约为传统磁力研磨法的1.5倍。

基于Taguchi-GA协同的磁性磨料抛光性能预测及制备工艺参数寻优

通过改变黏结法磁性磨料的制备工艺参数来设计正交试验,制备不同系列规格的磁性磨料,并对其进行形貌和成分检测.以3D打印AlSi10Mg板为加工对象,通过平面磁力研磨试验,揭示磁性磨料制备工艺参数对磁力研磨质量的影响规律.基于回归分析,建立参数与响应之间的回归模型,通过遗传算法实现参数优化.结果表明,在SiC粒径为18~25µm,Fe与SiC的质量比为4.7,环氧树脂与聚酰胺的质量比为2,固化温度为100℃的条件下,材料去除率为1.7 mg/min,表面粗糙度由原始的3.90µm降低至0.27µm,降低率为93.1%.

电解辅助磁力研磨整体叶盘试验研究

针对航空发动机整体叶盘结构复杂和材料难以加工的特性,在磁力研磨技术的基础上引入电解作用作为辅助手段。通过电解作用产生易于处理的钝化膜,然后再引入磁力研磨加工技术,加快了对叶盘表面纹理的去除,同时使表面加工质量更加均匀。通过3D超景深电镜观测叶盘表面形貌,结果显示:经复合研磨20 min,叶盘表面纹理基本去除,表面更加细密、均匀。表面粗糙度值R_(a)由1.5μm降至0.4μm。

永磁交变磁场平面磁粒研磨试验研究

目的探究永磁交变磁场下平面磁粒研磨质量的影响因素,增强加工区域的磁场变化,使磁性磨粒的加工轨迹多样化,提高研磨效率和研磨效果。方法设计永磁交变磁场取代传统平面磁粒研磨中的恒定磁场源,并采用磁场模拟软件对永磁交变磁场进行仿真,对不同状态下磁场的分布进行分析,参考仿真结果选取实验参数;使用产生径向磁场的环形磁铁作为磁场发生源,导磁性良好的纯铁作为导磁骨架,通过磁路的开放和闭合实现磁场的交变;使用步进电机及脉冲发生器调节研磨磁场,进而调节磁极交变频率;通过试验对比不同参数下对SUS304不锈钢的研磨效果,在研磨间隙为1.5mm的条件下,对比不同研磨时间、不同磨粒目数、不同主轴转速对工件表面质量的影响,使用触针式表面粗糙度测量仪和超景深3D电子显微镜检测对比试验前后试件的表面质量并对仿真结果进行验证。结果对比永磁交变磁场不同磁场分布状态仿真图,发现永磁交变磁场研磨区域场强变化显著,场强峰值时磁感应强度较高;磁性磨粒随离心力与永磁交变磁极状态的变化做周期性运动,使研磨轨迹复杂化。在研磨时间为40min、主轴转速为245 r/min、磨粒粒径为60目条件下,SUS304不锈钢板经研磨后,表面粗糙度由原始的0.312μm降至0.060μm。结论永磁交变磁场在提高加工区域磁感应强度的同时,使磁场发生周期性变化进而使磁性磨粒在加工区域做周期性运动,复杂化研磨轨迹促进了磨粒的更新,相比于恒定磁场磁粒研磨工艺,永磁交变磁场提高了研磨效率与研磨效果。

超声辅助磁力研磨对选区激光熔化TC4合金表面质量的影响

为了改善选区激光熔化TC4合金的表面质量,采用超声辅助磁力研磨技术进行光整加工。模拟了不同磁极尺寸和研磨区域下磁通密度的大小和分布情况。对空化泡在复合场下受力进行分析,研究磁场对空化效应的影响机理。分析了施加超声振动前后试样表面形貌的变化规律,研究了振幅、研磨转速和研磨时间对表面粗糙度的影响规律。结果表明,随着磁极直径和高度的增加,磁感应强度增加,磁通密度的分布逐渐由不均匀向均匀变化。在80 mm的固定位置研磨效果较好,平均磁场力为17.12 mN,表面粗糙度为0.673μm。施加超声振动后,原始表面凸起和缺陷被完全去除,表面有细长的划痕,表面粗糙度降至0.243μm。与磁力研磨工艺相比,表面粗糙度降低了60%。磁场对空化效应的抑制作用降低了空化泡溃灭时释放的能量,从而减小了空化效应对表面造成的损伤。

磁力研磨法对陶瓷管内表面超精密抛光技术的试验研究

应用磁力研磨法,利用外部磁场控制陶瓷管内部的磁粒刷运动,从而实现对整个陶瓷管内表面的超精密抛光.通过理论分析和试验结果相结合的方法验证了应用磁力研磨法对陶瓷管内表面进行光整加工方法的可行性;为了提高研磨效率,利用ANSYS软件模拟分析并结合试验验证,提出了在陶瓷管内部增加V型磁铁,改变磁回路的磁力线分布,增大了工作区域的磁感应强度,研磨效率成倍增加;通过试验分别对研磨液用量、铁粒子粒径、金刚石粒子粒径等参数对陶瓷管内表面研磨质量和效率的影响进行分析和研究,对工艺参数进行了优化设计.试验结果证明磁力研磨后陶瓷管内表面粗糙度值Ra可以由原始的0.4μm降至0.02μm,达到镜面抛光的效果,为陶瓷管内表面超精密抛光加工提供了一种新方法.

球形磁铁在弯管内表面磁力研磨中的应用

空间弯管内表面微裂纹用传统的研磨方法难以去除.利用六自由度机械手结合磁力研磨加工装置实现空间弯管内表面研磨加工.为了提高磁力研磨弯管内表面的加工效率,根据研磨工艺数学模型分析得到提高研磨压力是提高研磨效率的有效手段.因此,提出在研磨介质中添加球形磁铁作为辅助抛光工具提高研磨介质对弯管内表面的压力.通过Ansoft Maxwell软件分析得到添加球形磁铁后加工区域的磁感应强度增大,即研磨压力变大.并对TB8合金弯管进行研磨试验,试验结果表明添加球形磁铁后研磨加工效率提高约40%;表面粗糙度降至0.09μm左右,并通过电子显微镜观察到内表面上的微裂纹已去除.实验验证了球形磁铁辅助研磨弯管内表面的可行性,为提高磁力研磨加工效率提供了一种新方法.

磁研磨法抛光40Cr钢管件内表面的影响因素

针对磁研磨法抛光铁磁性管件内表面时的磁屏蔽问题,研制出一套磁力光整加工装置。对4种形状的磁极模型进行有限元分析,研究磁极形状、磁极转速及运动状态对抛光效果的影响,并以40Cr钢为材料进行试验验证,利用扫描电子显微镜观察加工前后工件的微观表面形貌。结果表明:磁极为环形磁极且与工件反向旋转、磁极转速为2 000r/min时加工效果好、加工效率较高;表面粗糙度值可降到Ra 0.25μm以下;工件内表面的微裂纹、凹坑等表面缺陷基本被去除,表面质量得到明显改善。由此表明,利用磁极内置的方法可以很好的解决磁屏蔽问题,并获得良好的表面加工质量。

钛合金管内表面的电化学磁力研磨复合光整试验

针对热挤压成型对钛合金管的内表面会产生微裂纹、褶皱、毛刺等表面缺陷的问题,提出了一种高效率的电化学磁力研磨复合光整加工方法。设计了电化学磁力研磨复合光整加工的实验装置,分别与纯磁力研磨加工和纯电化学加工进行了光整加工试验对比,检测分析了不同工艺加工前后表面的粗糙度、微观形貌、摩擦磨损行为、表面残余应力和能量谱。结果表明:在相同的加工时间内,与单纯电化学加工和磁力研磨加工相比,电化学磁力研磨复合光整加工的表面粗糙度Ra可达到0.2μm,材料去除量和加工效率显著提高;表面显微形貌要明显优于其他两种加工方式;且加工后表面很好地维持了原有材料的化学成分和表面性质;能够使表面由拉应力转变为约–200 MPa的压应力状态,从而获得更好的表面应力状态。

磁场电化学磁粒复合光整加工实验研究

开发出一种新的光整加工工艺——磁场电化学磁粒复合光整加工。研究了磁场环境下离子运动轨迹方程 ,分析了复合光整加工的原理并进行了相应的实验。由于洛仑兹力和电场力的综合作用 ,改变了离子运动轨迹 ,使被加工表面峰点电流密度更集中 ;磁场的搅拌作用 ,加快了电化学过程 ,使极间电流密度增大 ,蚀除速度加快。磁场电化学磁粒复合光整加工 ,与磁粒光整加工、电化学磁粒光整加工相比 ,提高了加工效率 ,改善了表面粗糙度。

超声波振动辅助磁力研磨加工研究

根据研磨加工的材料去除模型,分析得到增加研磨压力是提高磁力研磨加工效率的可行手段。通过在单纯磁力研磨工艺中引入超声波振动,增加了研磨粒子的瞬时研磨压力。经实验证明,在超声振动辅助磁力研磨加工中,研磨粒子在水平切削和垂直冲击挤压运动的综合作用下,对工件材料的去除率高且表面质量均匀;加工效率较单纯磁力研磨工艺提高了约50%;工件表面粗糙度R a可降至0.06μm左右;电子显微镜观察发现其加工后工件表面形貌较单纯磁力研磨细密均匀;采用X射线干涉仪检测得知,经超声振动辅助磁力研磨加工后的工件材料(SUS304)表层的应力状态已由原始的残余拉应力+320 MPa变为压应力-40 MPa,有效提高了工件的疲劳强度。

超声磁粒复合研磨技术

提出将超声振动附加于磁粒研磨过程中的思想.通过分析传统磁粒研磨材料去除数学模型,揭示了提高磨刷切削能力是提高磁粒研磨效率的关键.以超声振动理论和磁场理论为基础设计了一套超声磁粒复合研磨实验系统,实验证明,在单纯磁粒研磨显示磨粒失效的情况下,超声磁粒复合研磨可以使表面粗糙度平均下降0.357μm.最后对实验结果进行了分析,得出功率大小适当的超声振动可以促进磨粒刃口自锐,工作磨粒及时更新,从而提高磨刷切削能力等结论.

磁粒光整加工基础研究

研究了磁场分布、磁场力及材料去除规律并进行相应的实验分析。从理论上证明了加工区域内磁场分布不均匀而导致的磁粒流动及磁刷形成的变化 ,是影响磁粒切削性能的关键因素 ;实验研究了磁场力、磁极形状对切削量的影响规律 ,结果与理论解析一致 ;而润滑剂可大幅度提高去除量 ,且表面粗糙度存在最佳值。

永磁场磁力研磨TC11钛合金的实验研究

目的解决钛合金机械加工后表面质量差的难题。方法采用磁力研磨工艺对TC11钛合金进行了表面光整加工。以表面粗糙度为主要评价指标,研究了磁力研磨工艺参数对钛合金表面质量的影响,并对工艺参数进行了优化。采用优化后的工艺参数对钛合金进行了表面光整加工,研究了磁力研磨工艺对钛合金金相组织的影响。结果当加工间隙为3 mm时,研磨压力适宜,加工后工件表面粗糙度值最小。采用粒径为100目的磨粒使工件表面研磨加工后纹理更细,表面粗糙度值最低。提高主轴转速,工件表面材料去除率增加,当主轴转速为1500 r/min时,加工后工件表面粗糙度值最小。对比工件加工前后的金相组织,加工后试样表面组织晶粒变细,晶界增多,工件表面应力状态由张应力转变为压应力。结论实验确定了较优的工艺参数组合,即:加工间隙为3 mm,磨粒粒径为100目,主轴转速为1500 r/min。采用永磁场磁力研磨工艺,能够大幅降低TC11钛合金表面粗糙度,并使钛合金表面组织得到改善。

磁力研磨法加工弯管内表面的工艺参数优化

利用磁力研磨法,使安装在六自由度机械手的磁力研磨装置带动弯管内部的磁粒刷沿弯管中心轴线往复运动,同时磁力研磨装置旋转,解决空间弯管内表面研磨加工的技术难题。选取了影响磁力研磨工艺抛光弯管内表面的主要工艺参数(磁极转速、加工间隙、磁性磨粒粒径、轴向进给速度)并应用正交试验设计法对钛合金弯管内表面进行了研磨试验,结合试验数据对工艺参数进行了分析和优化。通过对比钛合金弯管内表面研磨前后的表面粗糙度及形貌变化,验证了采用磁力研磨工艺对弯管内表面进行光整加工的可行性和可靠性。