Dyeing of PET materials by traditional methods presents several problems.Plasma technology has received enormous attention as a solution for the environmental problems related with textile surface modifications,and th...Dyeing of PET materials by traditional methods presents several problems.Plasma technology has received enormous attention as a solution for the environmental problems related with textile surface modifications,and there has been a rapid development and commercialization of plasma technology over the past decade.In this work,the synergistic effect of atmospheric pressure plasma on alkaline etching and deep coloring of dyeing properties on polyethylene terephthalate（PET）fabrics and films was investigated.The topographical changes of the PET surface were investigated by atomic force microscopy（AFM）images,which revealed a smooth surface morphology of the untreated sample whereas a high surface roughness for the plasma and/or alkaline treated samples.The effects of atmospheric pressure plasma on alkaline etching of the structure and properties of PET were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,the main objective of performing DSC was to investigate the effect of the plasma pre-treatment on the T_g and T_m.Using a tensile strength tester YG065 H and following a standard procedure the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of PET materials was investigated.Oxygen and argon plasma pre-treatment was found to increase the PET fabric weight loss rate.The color strength of PET fabrics was increased by various plasma pre-treatment times.The penetration of plasma and alkaline reactive species deep into the PET structure results in better dyeability and leaves a significant effect on the K/S values of the plasma pre-treated PET.It indicated that plasma pre-treatment has a great synergistic effect with the alkaline treatment of PET.展开更多
The effect of annealing treatment on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Zr(Mn 0.25 V 0.20 Ni 0.55 ) 2 and Zr(Mn 0.05 V 0.40 Ni 0.55 ) 2 hydrogen storage alloys was investigated by means of XRD ana...The effect of annealing treatment on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Zr(Mn 0.25 V 0.20 Ni 0.55 ) 2 and Zr(Mn 0.05 V 0.40 Ni 0.55 ) 2 hydrogen storage alloys was investigated by means of XRD analysis and electrochemical tests. The results of XRD analysis showed that the as cast alloys consist of C15, C14 type Laves phase and Zr 9Ni 11 and ZrNi phases. The composition of alloys homogenized after annealing treatment. The C15 type Laves phase is still stable while the Zr 9Ni 11 and ZrNi phases decompose and C14 phase disappears partially. The final stable structure of the alloys was a mixture phase of C15 and C14 type Laves phases. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the discharge capacity and the properties of activation as well as high rate dischargeability are all decreased after annealing treatment. The exchange current density decreases in some degree too.展开更多
In recent years,the issue of PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution has become a significant global environmental concern.This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of global PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution and ...In recent years,the issue of PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution has become a significant global environmental concern.This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of global PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution and exposure risks,firstly at the global and urban scale,using spatial statistical regression,exposure risk assessment,and trend analyses based on the datasets of daily PM_(2.5)and surface O_(3)concentrations monitored in 120 cities around the world from 2019 to 2022.Additionally,on the basis of the common emission sources,spatial heterogeneity,interacting chemical mechanisms,and synergistic exposure risk levels between PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,we proposed a synergistic PM_(2.5)-O_(3)control framework for the joint control of PM_(2.5)and O3.The results indicated that:(1)Nearly 50%of cities worldwide were affected by PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution,with China,South Korea,Japan,and India being the global hotspots for PM2.5-O3 compound pollution;(2)Cities with PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution have exposure risk levels dominated by ST t ST(Stabilization)and ST t HR(High Risk).Exposure risk levels of compound pollution in developing countries are significantly higher than those in developed countries,with unequal exposure characteristics;(3)The selected cities showed significant positive spatial correlations between PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations,which were consistent with the spatial distribution of the precursors NOx and VOCs;(4)During the study period,52.5%of cities worldwide achieved synergistic reductions in annual average PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations.The average PM_(2.5)concentration in these cities decreased by 13.97%,while the average O_(3)concentration decreased by 19.18%.This new solution offers the opportunity to construct intelligent and healthy cities in the upcoming low–carbon transition.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Contract 11375042
文摘Dyeing of PET materials by traditional methods presents several problems.Plasma technology has received enormous attention as a solution for the environmental problems related with textile surface modifications,and there has been a rapid development and commercialization of plasma technology over the past decade.In this work,the synergistic effect of atmospheric pressure plasma on alkaline etching and deep coloring of dyeing properties on polyethylene terephthalate（PET）fabrics and films was investigated.The topographical changes of the PET surface were investigated by atomic force microscopy（AFM）images,which revealed a smooth surface morphology of the untreated sample whereas a high surface roughness for the plasma and/or alkaline treated samples.The effects of atmospheric pressure plasma on alkaline etching of the structure and properties of PET were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,the main objective of performing DSC was to investigate the effect of the plasma pre-treatment on the T_g and T_m.Using a tensile strength tester YG065 H and following a standard procedure the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of PET materials was investigated.Oxygen and argon plasma pre-treatment was found to increase the PET fabric weight loss rate.The color strength of PET fabrics was increased by various plasma pre-treatment times.The penetration of plasma and alkaline reactive species deep into the PET structure results in better dyeability and leaves a significant effect on the K/S values of the plasma pre-treated PET.It indicated that plasma pre-treatment has a great synergistic effect with the alkaline treatment of PET.
文摘The effect of annealing treatment on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Zr(Mn 0.25 V 0.20 Ni 0.55 ) 2 and Zr(Mn 0.05 V 0.40 Ni 0.55 ) 2 hydrogen storage alloys was investigated by means of XRD analysis and electrochemical tests. The results of XRD analysis showed that the as cast alloys consist of C15, C14 type Laves phase and Zr 9Ni 11 and ZrNi phases. The composition of alloys homogenized after annealing treatment. The C15 type Laves phase is still stable while the Zr 9Ni 11 and ZrNi phases decompose and C14 phase disappears partially. The final stable structure of the alloys was a mixture phase of C15 and C14 type Laves phases. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the discharge capacity and the properties of activation as well as high rate dischargeability are all decreased after annealing treatment. The exchange current density decreases in some degree too.
文摘In recent years,the issue of PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution has become a significant global environmental concern.This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of global PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution and exposure risks,firstly at the global and urban scale,using spatial statistical regression,exposure risk assessment,and trend analyses based on the datasets of daily PM_(2.5)and surface O_(3)concentrations monitored in 120 cities around the world from 2019 to 2022.Additionally,on the basis of the common emission sources,spatial heterogeneity,interacting chemical mechanisms,and synergistic exposure risk levels between PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,we proposed a synergistic PM_(2.5)-O_(3)control framework for the joint control of PM_(2.5)and O3.The results indicated that:(1)Nearly 50%of cities worldwide were affected by PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution,with China,South Korea,Japan,and India being the global hotspots for PM2.5-O3 compound pollution;(2)Cities with PM_(2.5)-O_(3)compound pollution have exposure risk levels dominated by ST t ST(Stabilization)and ST t HR(High Risk).Exposure risk levels of compound pollution in developing countries are significantly higher than those in developed countries,with unequal exposure characteristics;(3)The selected cities showed significant positive spatial correlations between PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations,which were consistent with the spatial distribution of the precursors NOx and VOCs;(4)During the study period,52.5%of cities worldwide achieved synergistic reductions in annual average PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations.The average PM_(2.5)concentration in these cities decreased by 13.97%,while the average O_(3)concentration decreased by 19.18%.This new solution offers the opportunity to construct intelligent and healthy cities in the upcoming low–carbon transition.
