Portable adaptive optics for exoplanet imaging

The portable adaptive optics(PAO)device is a low-cost and compact system,designed for 4-meter class telescopes that have no adaptive optics(AO)system,because of the physical space limitation at the Nasmyth or Cassegrain focus and the historically high cost of conventional AO.The initial scientific observations of the PAO are focused on the direct imaging of exoplanets and sub-stellar companions.This paper discusses the concept of PAO and the associated high-contrast imaging performance in our recent observational runs.PAO deliver a Strehl ratio better than 60%in H band under median seeing conditions of 1".Combined with our dedicated image rotation and subtraction(IRS)technique and the optimized IRS(O-IRS)algorithm,the averaged contrast ratio for a 5≤V_(mag)≤9 primary star is 1.3×10^(-5)and3.3×10^(-6)at angular distance of 0.36"with exposure time of 7 minutes and 2 hours,respectively.PAO has successfully revealed the known exoplanet ofκAnd b in our recent observation with the 3.5-meter ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory.We have performed the associated astrometry and photometry analysis of the recoveredκAnd b planet,which gives a projected separation of 0.98"±0.05",a position angle of 51.1°±0.5°and a mass of 10.15_(-1.255)^(+2.19) MJup.These results demonstrate that PAO can be used for direct imaging of exoplanets with medium-sized telescopes.

Spinal fusion-hardware construct: Basic concepts and imaging review

The interpretation of spinal images fixed with metallic hardware forms an increasing bulk of daily practice in a busy imaging department. Radiologists are required to be familiar with the instrumentation and operative options used in spinal fixation and fusion procedures, especially in his or her institute. This is critical in evaluating the position of implants and potential complications associated with the operative approaches and spinal fixation devices used. Thus, the radiologist can play an important role in patient care and outcome. This review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used imaging methods and reports on the best yield for each modality and how to overcome the problematic issues associated with the presence of metallic hardware during imaging. Baseline radiographs are essential as they are the baseline point for evaluation of future studies should patients develop symptoms suggesting possible complications. They may justify further imaging workup with computed tomography, magnetic resonance and/or nuclear medicine studies as the evaluation of a patient with a spinal implant involves a multi-modality approach. This review describes imaging features of potential complications associated with spinal fusion surgery as well as the instrumentation used. This basic knowledge aims to help radiologists approach everyday practice in clinical imaging.

Stochastic parallel gradient descent based adaptive optics used for a high contrast imaging coronagraph

An adaptive optics （AO） system based on a stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is proposed to reduce the speckle noises in the optical system of a stellar coronagraph in order to further improve the contrast. The principle of the SPGD algorithm is described briefly and a metric suitable for point source imaging optimization is given. The feasibility and good performance of the SPGD algorithm is demonstrated by an experimental system featured with a 140-actuator deformable mirror and a Hartrnann-Shark wavefront sensor. Then the SPGD based AO is applied to a liquid crystal array （LCA） based coronagraph to improve the contrast. The LCA can modulate the incoming light to generate a pupil apodization mask of any pattern. A circular stepped pattern is used in our preliminary experiment and the image contrast shows improvement from 10^-3 to 10^-4.5 at an angular distance of 2A/D after being corrected by SPGD based AO.

An active coronagraph using a liquid crystal array for exoplanet imaging:principle and testing

High-contrast imaging coronagraphs, used for the detection of exoplanets, have always adopted passive coronagraph optical components. It is therefore impossible to actively optimize the coronagraphs to achieve their best performance. To solve this problem, we propose a novel high-contrast imaging coronagraph which combines a liquid crystal array （LCA） for active pupil apodization and a deformable mirror （DM） for phase correction. The LCA we use is an amplitude-only spatial light mod- ulator. The LCA is well calibrated and compensates for its amplitude non-uniformity and nonlinear intensity responsivity. We measured the imaging contrasts of the coron- agraph system with the LCA only and without the DM deployed. Imaging contrasts of 10-4 and 10-5 can be reached at an inner working angular distance of 2.5 and 5A/D, respectively. A simulation shows that the phase errors on the coronagraph pupil limit the contrast performance. The contrast could be further improved if a DM is deployed to correct the phase errors induced by the LCA and coronagraph optics.

Construction and Validation of a Geometry-based Mathematical Model for the Hard X-Ray Imager

Quantitative and analytical analysis of the modulation process of the collimator is a great challenge,and is also of great value to the design and development of Fourier transform imaging telescopes.The Hard X-ray Imager(HXI),as one of the three payloads onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S) mission,adopts modulating Fourier-Transformation imaging technique and will be used to explore the mechanism of energy release and transmission in solar flare activities.As an important step to reconstruct the images of solar flares,accurate modulation functions of HXI are needed.In this paper,a mathematical model is developed to analyze the modulation function under a simplified condition first.Then its behavior under six degrees of freedom is calculated after adding the rotation matrix and translation change to the model.In addition,unparalleled light and extended sources are also considered so that our model can be used to analyze the X-ray beam experiment.Next,applied to the practical HXI conditions,the model has been confirmed not only by Geant4 simulations but also by some verification experiments.Furthermore,how this model helps to improve the image reconstruction process after the launch of ASO-S is also presented.

A super-high angular resolution principle for coded-mask X-ray imaging beyond the diffraction limit of a single pinhole

High angular resolution X-ray imaging is always useful in astrophysics and solar physics. In principle, it can be performed by using coded-mask imaging with a very long mask-detector distance. Previously, the diffraction-interference effect was thought to degrade coded-mask imaging performance dramatically at the low energy end with its very long mask-detector distance. The diffraction-interference effect is described with numerical calculations, and the diffraction-interference cross correlation reconstruction method （DICC） is developed in order to overcome the imaging performance degradation. Based on the DICC, a super-high angular resolution principle （SHARP） for coded-mask X-ray imaging is proposed. The feasibility of coded mask imaging beyond the diffraction limit of a single pinhole is demonstrated with simulations. With the specification that the mask element size is 50 × 50 μm^2 and the mask-detector distance is 50 m, the achieved angular resolution is 0.32arcsec above about 10keV and 0.36arcsec at 1.24keV （λ = 1 nm）, where diffraction cannot be neglected. The on-axis source location accuracy is better than 0.02 arcsec. Potential applications for solar observations and wide-field X-ray monitors are also briefly discussed.

NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING SENSOR WITH IMPROVED HANDLING AND DIRECT LOCALIZATION IN SIMULTANEOUS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING MEASUREMENTS

We present a novel optical sensor to acquire simultaneously functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data with an improved handling and direct localization in the MRI compared to available sensors.Quantitative phantom and interference measurements showed that both methods can be combined without reciprocal adverse effects.The direct localization of the optical sensor on MR images acquired with a T1-weighted echo sequence simplifies the co-registration of NIRI and MRI data.In addition,the optical sensor is simple to attach,which is crucial for measurements on vulnerable subjects.The fNIRI and T2^(*)-weighted fMRI data of a cerebral activation were simultaneously acquired proving the practicability of the setup.

Double Image Segmentation Algorithm for Tick-Mark Recognition of Analog Instrument

Tick-mark recognition is a key step for automatic reading of analog instrument with computer vision techniques which is called for in many automatic processes among industries. As many factors result in the tick-mark distortion in the sampled image such as the generally stained surface of instrument, or/and reflection and refraction of light, the accuracy and robustness of tick-mark reading are directly or indirectly weakened. Double image segmentation algorithm (DISA) is employed to solve this problem which makes coarse segmentation with structural parameters of instruments, and makes accurate segmentation with gray difference between tick-marks and their background. Tests have been conducted with 640 * 480 pixel industry camera and 4 kinds of pointer pressure meter, and the results show that read-out rate of tick-mark in pointer meter reached 100% at sufficient illumination and 76% at insufficient illumination for air packed instrument. In addition with oil packed instrument, DISA still experienced 64% recognition in comparison with 0 success record by Hough Transformation.

A New Electronic Instrumentation Approach for the Acquisition of Microscopic Blood Smear Images for the Automatic Diagnosis of Anemia

Anemia is a blood abnormality that affects the quantity and quality of red blood cells in the human body. This sometimes banal sign spares no continent and no social stratum. This anomaly is generally appreciated through biological analyzes of patients’ blood. These analyzes, which boil down to the knowledge of hemato-metric constants, cannot by themselves allow the characterization of certain forms of anemia in the sense that most anemia are related to the morphology and color of red blood cells. Our work in this paper is to perform blood smears on patients and perform a morphological and colorimetric analysis of red blood cells on these smears. This approach allowed us to highlight on each erythrocyte morphological and colorimetric descriptors to accurately identify the types of anemia by image processing methods. This identification is performed in an automated environment to allow pathologists to respond quickly to anemia-related emergencies and also improve the treatment to be conducted. This automation required the implementation of a new approach to electronic instrumentation and the acquisition of microscopic blood smear images for the automatic and rapid diagnosis of anemia.

Development of the super high angular resolution principle for X-ray imaging

Development of the Super High Angular Resolution Principle （SHARP） for coded-mask X-ray imaging is presented. We prove that SHARP can be considered as a generalized coded mask imaging method with a coding pattern comprised of diffraction-interference fringes in the mask pattern. The angular resolution of SHARP can be improved by detecting the fringes more precisely than the mask＇s element size, i.e. by using a detector with a pixel size smaller than the mask＇s element size. The proposed mission SHARP-X for solar X-ray observations is also briefly discussed.

面向新工科建设的仪器类专业数字图像处理课程思政教学案例设计与探索

该文面向新工科建设的“复旦共识”“北京指南”“天大行动”,围绕“新工科建设”和“课程思政育人”两大目标,推进仪器类专业课程思政建设,把思想政治教育贯穿到人才培养体系的全过程,引导学生自尊、自信、自立和自强,强化学生“仪器报国、仪器强国”的使命担当,厚植家国情怀,培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人。同时探讨结合学校的办学定位、专业特色、人才培养要求,探索课程思政教学与知识教学的有机统一。针对面向仪器类本科生开设的数字图像处理课程,从教学大纲、教案、教材等方面整理补充和仪器仪表行业相关的思政教育元素,设计题材新颖、具有时代特色的仪器类思政教学案例,实现具有“专业知识-思政育人-空天报国-敢为人先”特色的课程思政育人目标,进一步落实课程思政“立德树人成效”根本标准的具体化和可操作化。

基于Mask R-CNN的油田井场指针仪表识别方法研究

针对无人机巡检流程中采集到井场仪表图像模糊以及油田仪表定位模型实时性较差的问题,提出一种改进后最大后验概率模型去模糊方法和基于Mask R-CNN的指针式仪表定位算法。首先,通过采用变步长LMS滤波器的方法优化图像的先验信息,根据输入数据的统计特性调整滤波器参数,生成初步的仪表图像恢复结果,从而提升了最大后验概率的去模糊效果;其次,在Mask R-CNN网络结构的基础上,选用MobileNetV3作为主干特征提取网络减少参数量,再加入注意力机制模块保证准确率以完成仪表定位。最后,实验证明,仪表图像评价指标高于其他算法,该文提出的仪表定位算法减少了48.25 M参数量,FPS值达到37.3 frame/s,准确率为94.02%。

医用3.0 T磁共振成像仪梯度系统故障三例

梯度系统是磁共振成像仪的重要组成部分,主要用于产生X轴,Y轴及Z轴三个方向的梯度信号,从而对磁共振信号进行空间编码,确定信号的空间位置。梯度系统功率高、散热量大,需要对梯度线圈及梯度放大器进行冷却。梯度系统及其冷却系统故障将导致图像质量下降甚至设备停机。本文总结了三例梯度系统故障,包括梯度线圈水冷系统故障、梯度放大器线路故障及梯度放大器散热风扇故障,包括三例故障的表现、探究了故障原因并给出故障排除方法,供同行参考,以期共同提升维修水平,提高设备使用率。

指针式仪表读数识别的研究现状与发展

在高温高压强磁场等恶劣环境下,指针式仪表有着优于数显式仪表的良好性能表现,对指针式仪表读数识别进行研究具有重要的现实意义。近年来,深度学习与计算机视觉紧密结合,基于深度学习的指针式仪表读数识别技术是前沿研究的重点方向。文中首先概述指针式仪表读数识别的过程,然后从3个方面论述指针式仪表读数识别技术的研究现状与进展:仪表图像的预处理、仪表表盘区域的检测和仪表的读数识别,论述过程中分别阐述基于传统机器学习的方法和基于深度学习的方法。最后介绍公开的仪表数据集和应用场景,并从深度学习算法、巡检机器人工作特点和公共数据集的建立3个方面对未来的研究进行展望与建议。

飞利浦Ingenia 3.0 T磁共振成像仪射频系统故障三例

磁共振成像无电离辐射且软组织成像效果较好,已成为常规体检和疾病诊断非常重要的医学影像诊疗技术之一。磁共振设备结构复杂,维修及维护成本较高,长期高负荷的运转会导致磁共振设备故障率增加。本文总结了本院飞利浦Ingenia 3.0 T磁共振设备射频系统故障三例,包括de-tuned印刷电路板故障、射频放大器故障及体线圈故障。文中对三例飞利浦磁共振设备射频系统故障的表现进行了描述,对故障产生的原因进行了分析并介绍了故障排除过程,包括观察外观、提取后台日志参数、测量疑似受损部件指标、更换受损部件以及系统测试。通过深入分析射频系统故障案例,分享维修经验,以期提高设备使用率。

基于实验室光源的透射X射线纳米分辨显微镜研制

透射X射线显微镜(transmission X-ray microscope,TXM)是高精密度的尖端X射线成像设备,是现代科学技术的结晶,可以在纳米尺度上进行无损成像,为物理学、生命科学、材料学和化学等领域的众多科学问题提供了有力的研究工具.虽然国内外很多同步辐射装置都建立了以TXM为核心的纳米CT实验站,但是目前国际上只有个别企业能提供商业化的实验室TXM.究其原因,主要是该仪器涉及众多高难度的工程技术问题,诸如:高亮度实验室X射线源、高分辨率X射线光学元器件、高精度样品台、高灵敏度探测器、仪器对温度和振动等环境因素的超高要求等.为了提高研发高端X射线成像仪器的水平,需要逐个突破在研发X射线纳米CT过程中遇到的技术瓶颈.本文主要讨论了工作能量为5.4 keV的实验室TXM的仪器设计,以及全场成像实验结果.该仪器工作在吸收衬度模式下,成像视野达到了26μm,可以对30 nm线宽的特征结构实现清晰的成像,西门子星测试卡的功率谱曲线表明该仪器具有分辨半周期为28.6 nm线对结构的潜力.

星载高动态范围差分吸收成像光谱仪成像电路设计及实现

星载差分吸收成像光谱仪通常运行于太阳同步轨道,探测地表反射光的光谱并根据特征气体的谱线吸收强度测量区域内某些痕量气体浓度。第一代星载差分吸收光谱仪受限于探测器性能等原因,探测的动态范围不大,造成暗背景下数据信噪比低,亮背景下像元饱和。随着更大阱深,更高速度的探测器出现,第二代高动态范围的差分吸收成像光谱仪得以实现。本文介绍了高动态范围的差分吸收光谱仪成像电路的研制过程,包括器件选型,电路方案及电路测试,并对测试结果进行了分析。重点讨论了高动态范围的实现,给出了单点测量值的概念,提出了最大单点测量值的计算公式,解释了最大单点测量值与动态范围的关系,并评估了探测器件的单点探测能力,同时规划了未来进一步提高动态范围的方法,从而为同类设备的研制提供参考。

基于C#+OpenGL的多探头测井井筒三维成像软件研制与应用研究

基于油水、气水等多相流实验数据和图像资料,采用C#语言结合Tao框架OpenGL研发一套适用于MAPS阵列多探头测井(以下简称“MAPS测井”)仪器的井筒流体三维成像显示(COSL-MapsView)软件。该软件可实现测井数据的直接加载,快速精确直观显示井筒内油气水的分布情况。基于图像重构对MAPS测井仪器进行了适用性研究,表明MAPS测井在水平井和大斜度井中低流量情况下的分层流中具有良好的应用效果,在高流量分散流中应用效果不佳。经验证,该软件成像效果达到了国外同等水平,对海上油气田找堵水等工程作业具有指导意义。

高反镜表面颗粒物在连续激光辐照下的吸收特性

光学元件表面吸收损耗是衡量光学元件光学性能的重要指标,颗粒污染物附着通常会引起光学元件表面吸收损耗大幅增加。基于红外热像仪温升检测方法,研究了几种典型颗粒污染物对高反镜表面吸收损耗的影响,并根据颗粒污染物分布特点建立阶梯式分布吸收和离散分布吸收模型。考虑测温精度受红外热像仪空间分辨率的影响,提取单像素点内温升数据进行有限元分析,获取精度与单像素点相当的镀膜元件表面局部吸收损耗,结合显微镜下扫描结果进一步优化仿真模型,从而获得了薄膜元件表面颗粒污染物的吸收损耗。

实验教学用植物活体荧光影像系统的研制

通过植物培养及拍摄系统的开发,研制低成本的植物活体荧光影像系统。该系统采用双层箱体结构设计,分为恒温光照培养系统和荧光记录系统两部分,可以为植物生长发育提供所需的生命支撑功能,还能实时获取植物生长发育过程中的关键图像,包括监控转基因植物发育过程中荧光信号的时空模式。利用该系统成功地对EGFP转基因烟草和拟南芥进行培养和实时观察。低廉的成本极大地扩展了该系统在实验教学中的运用,也为生命活动的观察和检测研究奠定基础。