AIM To evaluate the advantages of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in the assessment of detailed structures of pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) compared to computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHOD...AIM To evaluate the advantages of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in the assessment of detailed structures of pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) compared to computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS All patients with indeterminate PCNs underwent CT, MRI, and EUS. The detailed information, including size, number, the presence of a papilla/nodule, the presence of a septum, and the morphology of the pancreatic duct of PCNs were compared among the three imaging modalities. The size of each PCN was determined using the largest diameter measured. A cyst consisting of several small cysts was referred to as a motherdaughter cyst. Disagreement among the three imaging modalities regarding the total number of mother cysts resulted in the assumption that the correct number was the one in which the majority of imaging modalities indicated.RESULTS A total of 52 females and 16 males were evaluated. The median size of the cysts was 42.5 mm by EUS, 42.0 mm by CT and 38.0 mm by MRI; there was no significant difference in size as assessed among the three imaging techniques. The diagnostic sensitivity and ability of EUS to classify PCNs were 98.5%(67/68) and 92.6%(63/68), respectively. These percentages were higher than those of CT(73.1%, P < 0.001; 17.1%, P < 0.001) and MRI(81.3%, P = 0.001; 20.3%, P < 0.001). EUS was also able to better assess the number of daughter cysts in mother cysts than CT(P = 0.003); however, there was no significant difference between EUS and MRI in assessing mother-daughter cysts(P = 0.254). The papilla/nodule detection rate by EUS was 35.3%(24/68), much higher than those by CT(5.8%, 3/52) and MRI(6.3%, 4/64). The detection rate of the septum by EUS was 60.3%(41/68), which was higher than those by CT(34.6%, 18/52) and by MRI(46.9%, 30/64); the difference between EUS and CT was significant(P = 0.02). The rate of visualizing the pancreatic duct using EUS was 100%, whereas using CT and MRI it was less than 10%.CONCLUSION EUS helps visualize the detailed structures of PCNs and has many advantages over CT and MRI. EUS is valuable in the diagnosis and assessment of PCNs.展开更多
Skin imaging technologies such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, reflective confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are developing rapidly in clinical application. Skin imaging technology can impr...Skin imaging technologies such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, reflective confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are developing rapidly in clinical application. Skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate, and its non-invasiveness and repeatability make it occupy an irreplaceable position in clinical diagnosis. With the “booming development” of medical technology, skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate. Researchers have made significant advances in assisting clinical diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of disease. This article reviews the application and progress of skin imaging in the diagnosis of psoriasis.展开更多
Imaging study plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. As early screening and management of prostate cancer has evolved over the past decade, research is now focusing on how to detect clinically signi...Imaging study plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. As early screening and management of prostate cancer has evolved over the past decade, research is now focusing on how to detect clinically significant prostate cancer and avoid overdiagnosis accurately. This article provides an overview of recent advances in imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis, including new ultrasound imaging techniques, positron emission computed tomography, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and emerging areas such as imaging histology, by systematically reviewing and summarizing the existing literature.展开更多
The development of ultrasound contrast agents with excellent tolerance and safety profiles has notably improved liver evaluation with ultrasound(US)for several applications,especially for the detection of metastases.I...The development of ultrasound contrast agents with excellent tolerance and safety profiles has notably improved liver evaluation with ultrasound(US)for several applications,especially for the detection of metastases.In particular,contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)allows the display of the parenchymal microvasculature,enabling the study and visualization of the enhancement patterns of liver lesions in real time and in a continuous manner in all vascular phases,which is similar to contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.Clinical studies have reported that the use of a contrast agent enables the visualization of more metastases with significantly improved sensitivity and specificity compared to baseline-US.Furthermore,studies have shown that CEUS yields sensitivities comparable to CT.In this review,we describe the state of the art of CEUS for detecting colorectal liver metastases,the imaging features,the literature reports of metastases in CEUS as well as its technique,its clinical role and its potential applications.Additionally,the updated international consensus panel guidelines are reported in this review with the inherent limitations of this technique and best practice experiences.展开更多
Photoacoustic imag ing(PAI)is a nonin vasive biomedical imag ing tech no logy capable of multiscale imag ing of biological samples from orga ns dow n to cells.Multiscale PAI requires differe nt ultraso und tra nsducer...Photoacoustic imag ing(PAI)is a nonin vasive biomedical imag ing tech no logy capable of multiscale imag ing of biological samples from orga ns dow n to cells.Multiscale PAI requires differe nt ultraso und tra nsducers that are flat or focused because the current widely-used piezoelectric transducers are rigid and lack the flexibility to tune their spatial ultrasound responses.Inspired by the rapidly-developing flexible photonics,we exploited the inherent flexibility and low-loss features of optical fibers to develop a flexible fiber-laser ultrasound sensor(FUS)for multiscale PAI.By simply bending the fiber laser from straight to curved geometry,the spatial ultraso und resp onse of the FUS can be tuned for both wide-view optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy at optical diffraction-limited depth(~1 mm)and photoacoustic computed tomography at optical dissipation-limited depth of several centimeters.A radio-frequency demodulation was employed to get the readout of the beat frequency variation of two orthogonal polarization modes in the FUS output,which ensures low-noise and stable ultrasound detection.Compared to traditional piezoelectrical transducers with fixed ultrasound responses once manufactured,the flexible FUS provides the freedom to design multiscale PAI modalities including wearable microscope,intravascular endoscopy,and portable tomography system,which is attractive to fundamental biologic-al/medical studies and clinical applications.展开更多
Summary： This study sought to evaluate the contribution of two-dimensional ultrasound （2D-US） and three-dimensional skeletal imaging ultrasound （3D-SUIS） in the prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia. Be- tween Septem...Summary： This study sought to evaluate the contribution of two-dimensional ultrasound （2D-US） and three-dimensional skeletal imaging ultrasound （3D-SUIS） in the prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia. Be- tween September 2010 and April 2014, a prospective study was conducted in a single referral center using 3D-SU1S performed after 2D-US in 10 cases of sirenomelia. Diagnostic accuracy and detailed findings were compared with postnatal three-dimensional helical computed tomography （3D-HCT）, radiological findings and autopsy. Pregnancy was terminated in all 10 sirenomelia cases, including 9 singletons and I conjoined twin pregnancy, for a total of 5 males and 5 females. These cases of sirenomelia were deter- mined by autopsy and/or chromosomal examination. Initial 2D-US showed that there were 10 cases of oligohydranmios, bilateral renal agenesis, bladder agenesis, single umbilical artery, fusion of the lower limbs and spinal abnormalities; 8 cases of dipus or monopus; 2 cases of apus; and 8 cases of cardiac abnormalities. Subsequent 3D-SUIS showed that there were 9 cases of scoliosis, l0 cases of sacrococ- cygeal vertebra dysplasia, 3 cases of hemivertebra, 1 case of vertebral fusion, 3 cases of spina bifida, and 5 cases of rib abnormalities. 3D-SUIS identified significantly more skeletal abnormalities than did 2D-US, and its accuracy was 79.5% （70/88） compared with 3D-HCT and radiography. 3D-SUIS seems to be a useful complementary method to 2D-US and may improve the accuracy of identifying prenatal skeletal abnormalities related to sirenomelia.展开更多
Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modalit...Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modality that combines the morpho-functional information of MRI with the molecular characterization of PET.Some papers reported the potential advantages of PSMA PET/MRI in different clinical scenarios.Limited evidence on PSMA PET/MRI is available in the setting of FT.PSMA PET/MRI can be an effective imaging modality for detecting primary PCa and seems to provide accurate local staging of primary PCa.PSMA PET/MRI also shows high performance for restaging and detecting tumor recurrence.The higher soft-tissue contrast and the reduction of ionizing radiation are the main advantages reported in the literature compared to PET/computed tomography.PSMA PET/MRI could represent a turning point in the management of patients with PCa in the context of FT.Further studies are needed to confirm its applications in this specific clinical setting.展开更多
Application of vaginal mesh for stress urinary incon-tinence has seen widespread use due to its relatively short operative time in combination with its efficacy in treatment. However, vaginal mesh is not without its d...Application of vaginal mesh for stress urinary incon-tinence has seen widespread use due to its relatively short operative time in combination with its efficacy in treatment. However, vaginal mesh is not without its drawbacks and can lead to mesh erosion or extrusion, infection, dyspareunia, and recurrence of incontinence. Vaginal mesh complications can lead to feelings of hopelessness, isolation, shame, and emotional distress. Furthermore, failure to identify and address these complications in a timely manner can be permanently damaging to patient health. It is vital to be able to identify mesh complications early. Various imaging methodologies exist to visualize vaginal mesh placement and complications, including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and computed tomography （CT）. This invited review paper focuses on the role of ultrasound in mesh visualization, mesh complication identification, and operative planning in the event of subsequent surgical mesh revision. Polypropylene mesh is echogenic on ultrasound, making it a useful tool for visualizing post-operative mesh placement. Transperineal, translabial and endovaginal ultrasound technique use has been described in the pre- and peri-operative setting to identify mesh in complex cases. Effcacy and practicality of CT and MRI use in identifying mesh in these cases is limited.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hemangioblastoma typically occurs in the cerebellum,spinal cord,and central nervous system.However,in rare cases,it could occur in the retina or optic nerve.The prevalence of retinal hemangioblastoma is 1 i...BACKGROUND Hemangioblastoma typically occurs in the cerebellum,spinal cord,and central nervous system.However,in rare cases,it could occur in the retina or optic nerve.The prevalence of retinal hemangioblastoma is 1 in 73080,and it occurs either alone or as the manifestation of von Hippel Lindau(VHL)disease.Here,we reported a rare case with the imaging features of retinal hemangioblastoma without VHL syndrome,along with the relevant literature review.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man had progressive swelling,pain and blurred vision in the left eye without obvious inducement for 15 d.Ultrasonography revealed a possible optic nerve head melanoma.Computed tomography(CT)showed punctate calcification on the posterior wall of the left eye ring and small patchy soft tissue density in the posterior part of the eyeball.Magnetic resonance imaging showed slightly hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images and slightly hypointense-toisointense signal on T2-weighted images at the medial and posterior edges of the left eyeball,a significant enhancement was observed in the contrast-enhanced scans.Positron emission tomography/CT fusion images showed that the glucose metabolism of the lesion was normal.Pathology was consistent with hemangioblastoma.CONCLUSION Early identification of retinal hemangioblastoma based on imaging features is of great value for its personalized treatment.展开更多
Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising up to 90%of cases.Imaging is a staple for surveillance and diagnostic criteria for HCC in current guidel...Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising up to 90%of cases.Imaging is a staple for surveillance and diagnostic criteria for HCC in current guidelines.Because early diagnosis can impact treatment approaches,utilizing new imaging methods and protocols to aid in differentiation and tumor grading provides a unique opportunity to drastically impact patient prognosis.Within this review manuscript,we provide an overview of imaging modalities used to screen and evaluate HCC.We also briefly discuss emerging uses of new imaging techniques that offer the potential for improving current paradigms for HCC character-ization,management,and treatment monitoring.展开更多
The goal of parathyroid imaging in hyperparathyroidism is not diagnosis,rather it is the localization of the cause of hyperparathyroidism for planning the best therapeutic approach.Hence,the role of imaging to accurat...The goal of parathyroid imaging in hyperparathyroidism is not diagnosis,rather it is the localization of the cause of hyperparathyroidism for planning the best therapeutic approach.Hence,the role of imaging to accurately and precisely localize the abnormal parathyroid tissue is more important than ever to facilitate minimally invasive parathyroidectomy over bilateral neck exploration.The common causes include solitary parathyroid adenoma,multiple parathyroid adenomas,parathyroid hyperplasia and parathyroid carcinoma.It is highly imperative for the radiologist to be cautious of the mimics of parathyroid lesions like thyroid nodules and lymph nodes and be able to differentiate them on imaging.The various imaging modalities available include high resolution ultrasound of the neck,nuclear imaging studies,four-dimensional computed tomography(4D CT)and magnetic resonance imaging.Contrast enhanced ultrasound is a novel technique which has been recently added to the armam-entarium to differentiate between parathyroid adenomas and its mimics.Through this review article we wish to review the imaging features of parathyroid lesions on various imaging modalities and present an algorithm to guide their radiological differentiation from mimics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paraduodenal pancreatitis(PP)represents a diagnostic challenge,especially in non-referral centers,given its potential imaging overlap with pancreatic cancer.There are two main histological variants of PP,th...BACKGROUND Paraduodenal pancreatitis(PP)represents a diagnostic challenge,especially in non-referral centers,given its potential imaging overlap with pancreatic cancer.There are two main histological variants of PP,the cystic and the solid,with slightly different imaging appearances.Moreover,imaging findings in PP may change over time because of disease progression and/or as an effect of its risk factors exposition,namely alcohol intake and smoking.AIM To describe multimodality imaging findings in patients affected by PP to help clinicians in the differential diagnosis with pancreatic cancer.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses 2009 guidelines.A Literature search was performed on PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library using(groove pancreatitis[Title/Abstract])OR(PP[Title/Abstract])as key words.A total of 593 articles were considered for inclusion.After eliminating duplicates,and title and abstract screening,53 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.Eligibility criteria were:Original studies including 8 or more patients,fully written in English,describing imaging findings in PP,with pathological confirmation or clinical-radiological follow-up as the gold standard.Finally,14 studies were included in our systematic review.RESULTS Computed tomography(CT)findings were described in 292 patients,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings in 231 and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)findings in 115.Duodenal wall thickening was observed in 88.8%of the cases:Detection rate was 96.5%at EUS,91.0%at MRI and 84.1%at CT.Second duodenal portion increased enhancement was recognizable in 76.3%of the cases:Detection rate was 84.4%at MRI and 72.1%at CT.Cysts within the duodenal wall were detected in 82.6%of the cases:Detection rate was 94.4%at EUS,81.9%at MRI and 75.7%at CT.A solid mass in the groove region was described in 40.9%of the cases;in 78.3%of the cases,it showed patchy enhancement in the portal venous phase,and in 100%appeared iso/hyperintense during delayed phase imaging.Only 3.6%of the lesions showed restricted diffusion.The prevalence of radiological signs of chronic obstructive pancreatitis,namely main pancreatic duct dilatation,pancreatic calcifications,and pancreatic cysts,was extremely variable in the different articles.CONCLUSION PP has peculiar imaging findings.MRI is the best radiological imaging modality for diagnosing PP,but EUS is more accurate than MRI in depicting duodenal wall alterations.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Army of China,No.14BJZ01
文摘AIM To evaluate the advantages of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in the assessment of detailed structures of pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) compared to computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS All patients with indeterminate PCNs underwent CT, MRI, and EUS. The detailed information, including size, number, the presence of a papilla/nodule, the presence of a septum, and the morphology of the pancreatic duct of PCNs were compared among the three imaging modalities. The size of each PCN was determined using the largest diameter measured. A cyst consisting of several small cysts was referred to as a motherdaughter cyst. Disagreement among the three imaging modalities regarding the total number of mother cysts resulted in the assumption that the correct number was the one in which the majority of imaging modalities indicated.RESULTS A total of 52 females and 16 males were evaluated. The median size of the cysts was 42.5 mm by EUS, 42.0 mm by CT and 38.0 mm by MRI; there was no significant difference in size as assessed among the three imaging techniques. The diagnostic sensitivity and ability of EUS to classify PCNs were 98.5%(67/68) and 92.6%(63/68), respectively. These percentages were higher than those of CT(73.1%, P < 0.001; 17.1%, P < 0.001) and MRI(81.3%, P = 0.001; 20.3%, P < 0.001). EUS was also able to better assess the number of daughter cysts in mother cysts than CT(P = 0.003); however, there was no significant difference between EUS and MRI in assessing mother-daughter cysts(P = 0.254). The papilla/nodule detection rate by EUS was 35.3%(24/68), much higher than those by CT(5.8%, 3/52) and MRI(6.3%, 4/64). The detection rate of the septum by EUS was 60.3%(41/68), which was higher than those by CT(34.6%, 18/52) and by MRI(46.9%, 30/64); the difference between EUS and CT was significant(P = 0.02). The rate of visualizing the pancreatic duct using EUS was 100%, whereas using CT and MRI it was less than 10%.CONCLUSION EUS helps visualize the detailed structures of PCNs and has many advantages over CT and MRI. EUS is valuable in the diagnosis and assessment of PCNs.
文摘Skin imaging technologies such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, reflective confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are developing rapidly in clinical application. Skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate, and its non-invasiveness and repeatability make it occupy an irreplaceable position in clinical diagnosis. With the “booming development” of medical technology, skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate. Researchers have made significant advances in assisting clinical diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of disease. This article reviews the application and progress of skin imaging in the diagnosis of psoriasis.
文摘Imaging study plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. As early screening and management of prostate cancer has evolved over the past decade, research is now focusing on how to detect clinically significant prostate cancer and avoid overdiagnosis accurately. This article provides an overview of recent advances in imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis, including new ultrasound imaging techniques, positron emission computed tomography, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and emerging areas such as imaging histology, by systematically reviewing and summarizing the existing literature.
文摘The development of ultrasound contrast agents with excellent tolerance and safety profiles has notably improved liver evaluation with ultrasound(US)for several applications,especially for the detection of metastases.In particular,contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)allows the display of the parenchymal microvasculature,enabling the study and visualization of the enhancement patterns of liver lesions in real time and in a continuous manner in all vascular phases,which is similar to contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.Clinical studies have reported that the use of a contrast agent enables the visualization of more metastases with significantly improved sensitivity and specificity compared to baseline-US.Furthermore,studies have shown that CEUS yields sensitivities comparable to CT.In this review,we describe the state of the art of CEUS for detecting colorectal liver metastases,the imaging features,the literature reports of metastases in CEUS as well as its technique,its clinical role and its potential applications.Additionally,the updated international consensus panel guidelines are reported in this review with the inherent limitations of this technique and best practice experiences.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775083,61705082,61805102,and 61860206002)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2019BT02X105)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan(201904020032).
文摘Photoacoustic imag ing(PAI)is a nonin vasive biomedical imag ing tech no logy capable of multiscale imag ing of biological samples from orga ns dow n to cells.Multiscale PAI requires differe nt ultraso und tra nsducers that are flat or focused because the current widely-used piezoelectric transducers are rigid and lack the flexibility to tune their spatial ultrasound responses.Inspired by the rapidly-developing flexible photonics,we exploited the inherent flexibility and low-loss features of optical fibers to develop a flexible fiber-laser ultrasound sensor(FUS)for multiscale PAI.By simply bending the fiber laser from straight to curved geometry,the spatial ultraso und resp onse of the FUS can be tuned for both wide-view optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy at optical diffraction-limited depth(~1 mm)and photoacoustic computed tomography at optical dissipation-limited depth of several centimeters.A radio-frequency demodulation was employed to get the readout of the beat frequency variation of two orthogonal polarization modes in the FUS output,which ensures low-noise and stable ultrasound detection.Compared to traditional piezoelectrical transducers with fixed ultrasound responses once manufactured,the flexible FUS provides the freedom to design multiscale PAI modalities including wearable microscope,intravascular endoscopy,and portable tomography system,which is attractive to fundamental biologic-al/medical studies and clinical applications.
文摘Summary： This study sought to evaluate the contribution of two-dimensional ultrasound （2D-US） and three-dimensional skeletal imaging ultrasound （3D-SUIS） in the prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia. Be- tween September 2010 and April 2014, a prospective study was conducted in a single referral center using 3D-SU1S performed after 2D-US in 10 cases of sirenomelia. Diagnostic accuracy and detailed findings were compared with postnatal three-dimensional helical computed tomography （3D-HCT）, radiological findings and autopsy. Pregnancy was terminated in all 10 sirenomelia cases, including 9 singletons and I conjoined twin pregnancy, for a total of 5 males and 5 females. These cases of sirenomelia were deter- mined by autopsy and/or chromosomal examination. Initial 2D-US showed that there were 10 cases of oligohydranmios, bilateral renal agenesis, bladder agenesis, single umbilical artery, fusion of the lower limbs and spinal abnormalities; 8 cases of dipus or monopus; 2 cases of apus; and 8 cases of cardiac abnormalities. Subsequent 3D-SUIS showed that there were 9 cases of scoliosis, l0 cases of sacrococ- cygeal vertebra dysplasia, 3 cases of hemivertebra, 1 case of vertebral fusion, 3 cases of spina bifida, and 5 cases of rib abnormalities. 3D-SUIS identified significantly more skeletal abnormalities than did 2D-US, and its accuracy was 79.5% （70/88） compared with 3D-HCT and radiography. 3D-SUIS seems to be a useful complementary method to 2D-US and may improve the accuracy of identifying prenatal skeletal abnormalities related to sirenomelia.
文摘Imaging has a central role in the context of focal therapy(FT)for prostate cancer(PCa).Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)is a novel imaging modality that combines the morpho-functional information of MRI with the molecular characterization of PET.Some papers reported the potential advantages of PSMA PET/MRI in different clinical scenarios.Limited evidence on PSMA PET/MRI is available in the setting of FT.PSMA PET/MRI can be an effective imaging modality for detecting primary PCa and seems to provide accurate local staging of primary PCa.PSMA PET/MRI also shows high performance for restaging and detecting tumor recurrence.The higher soft-tissue contrast and the reduction of ionizing radiation are the main advantages reported in the literature compared to PET/computed tomography.PSMA PET/MRI could represent a turning point in the management of patients with PCa in the context of FT.Further studies are needed to confirm its applications in this specific clinical setting.
文摘Application of vaginal mesh for stress urinary incon-tinence has seen widespread use due to its relatively short operative time in combination with its efficacy in treatment. However, vaginal mesh is not without its drawbacks and can lead to mesh erosion or extrusion, infection, dyspareunia, and recurrence of incontinence. Vaginal mesh complications can lead to feelings of hopelessness, isolation, shame, and emotional distress. Furthermore, failure to identify and address these complications in a timely manner can be permanently damaging to patient health. It is vital to be able to identify mesh complications early. Various imaging methodologies exist to visualize vaginal mesh placement and complications, including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and computed tomography （CT）. This invited review paper focuses on the role of ultrasound in mesh visualization, mesh complication identification, and operative planning in the event of subsequent surgical mesh revision. Polypropylene mesh is echogenic on ultrasound, making it a useful tool for visualizing post-operative mesh placement. Transperineal, translabial and endovaginal ultrasound technique use has been described in the pre- and peri-operative setting to identify mesh in complex cases. Effcacy and practicality of CT and MRI use in identifying mesh in these cases is limited.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871337the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY16H180007。
文摘BACKGROUND Hemangioblastoma typically occurs in the cerebellum,spinal cord,and central nervous system.However,in rare cases,it could occur in the retina or optic nerve.The prevalence of retinal hemangioblastoma is 1 in 73080,and it occurs either alone or as the manifestation of von Hippel Lindau(VHL)disease.Here,we reported a rare case with the imaging features of retinal hemangioblastoma without VHL syndrome,along with the relevant literature review.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man had progressive swelling,pain and blurred vision in the left eye without obvious inducement for 15 d.Ultrasonography revealed a possible optic nerve head melanoma.Computed tomography(CT)showed punctate calcification on the posterior wall of the left eye ring and small patchy soft tissue density in the posterior part of the eyeball.Magnetic resonance imaging showed slightly hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images and slightly hypointense-toisointense signal on T2-weighted images at the medial and posterior edges of the left eyeball,a significant enhancement was observed in the contrast-enhanced scans.Positron emission tomography/CT fusion images showed that the glucose metabolism of the lesion was normal.Pathology was consistent with hemangioblastoma.CONCLUSION Early identification of retinal hemangioblastoma based on imaging features is of great value for its personalized treatment.
文摘Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comprising up to 90%of cases.Imaging is a staple for surveillance and diagnostic criteria for HCC in current guidelines.Because early diagnosis can impact treatment approaches,utilizing new imaging methods and protocols to aid in differentiation and tumor grading provides a unique opportunity to drastically impact patient prognosis.Within this review manuscript,we provide an overview of imaging modalities used to screen and evaluate HCC.We also briefly discuss emerging uses of new imaging techniques that offer the potential for improving current paradigms for HCC character-ization,management,and treatment monitoring.
文摘The goal of parathyroid imaging in hyperparathyroidism is not diagnosis,rather it is the localization of the cause of hyperparathyroidism for planning the best therapeutic approach.Hence,the role of imaging to accurately and precisely localize the abnormal parathyroid tissue is more important than ever to facilitate minimally invasive parathyroidectomy over bilateral neck exploration.The common causes include solitary parathyroid adenoma,multiple parathyroid adenomas,parathyroid hyperplasia and parathyroid carcinoma.It is highly imperative for the radiologist to be cautious of the mimics of parathyroid lesions like thyroid nodules and lymph nodes and be able to differentiate them on imaging.The various imaging modalities available include high resolution ultrasound of the neck,nuclear imaging studies,four-dimensional computed tomography(4D CT)and magnetic resonance imaging.Contrast enhanced ultrasound is a novel technique which has been recently added to the armam-entarium to differentiate between parathyroid adenomas and its mimics.Through this review article we wish to review the imaging features of parathyroid lesions on various imaging modalities and present an algorithm to guide their radiological differentiation from mimics.
文摘BACKGROUND Paraduodenal pancreatitis(PP)represents a diagnostic challenge,especially in non-referral centers,given its potential imaging overlap with pancreatic cancer.There are two main histological variants of PP,the cystic and the solid,with slightly different imaging appearances.Moreover,imaging findings in PP may change over time because of disease progression and/or as an effect of its risk factors exposition,namely alcohol intake and smoking.AIM To describe multimodality imaging findings in patients affected by PP to help clinicians in the differential diagnosis with pancreatic cancer.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses 2009 guidelines.A Literature search was performed on PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library using(groove pancreatitis[Title/Abstract])OR(PP[Title/Abstract])as key words.A total of 593 articles were considered for inclusion.After eliminating duplicates,and title and abstract screening,53 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.Eligibility criteria were:Original studies including 8 or more patients,fully written in English,describing imaging findings in PP,with pathological confirmation or clinical-radiological follow-up as the gold standard.Finally,14 studies were included in our systematic review.RESULTS Computed tomography(CT)findings were described in 292 patients,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings in 231 and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)findings in 115.Duodenal wall thickening was observed in 88.8%of the cases:Detection rate was 96.5%at EUS,91.0%at MRI and 84.1%at CT.Second duodenal portion increased enhancement was recognizable in 76.3%of the cases:Detection rate was 84.4%at MRI and 72.1%at CT.Cysts within the duodenal wall were detected in 82.6%of the cases:Detection rate was 94.4%at EUS,81.9%at MRI and 75.7%at CT.A solid mass in the groove region was described in 40.9%of the cases;in 78.3%of the cases,it showed patchy enhancement in the portal venous phase,and in 100%appeared iso/hyperintense during delayed phase imaging.Only 3.6%of the lesions showed restricted diffusion.The prevalence of radiological signs of chronic obstructive pancreatitis,namely main pancreatic duct dilatation,pancreatic calcifications,and pancreatic cysts,was extremely variable in the different articles.CONCLUSION PP has peculiar imaging findings.MRI is the best radiological imaging modality for diagnosing PP,but EUS is more accurate than MRI in depicting duodenal wall alterations.
