Effects of Ni doping contents on photocatalytic activity of B-BiVO_4 synthesized through sol-gel and impregnation two-step method

To enhance the photocatalytic activity of B-BiVO4,Ni-doped B?BiVO4photocatalyst(Ni-B-BiVO4)was synthesized through sol-gel and impregnation method.The photocatalysts were characterized by XPS,XRD,SEM,EDS,BET and UV-Vis DRS techniques.The results showed that single or double doping did not change the crystalline structure and morphology,but the particle size decreased with Ni doping.The band gap energy absorption edge of Ni-B-BiVO4shifted to a longer wavelength compared with undoped,B or Ni single doped BiVO4.More V4+and surface hydroxyl oxygen were observed in BiVO4after Ni-B co-doping.When the optimal mass fraction of Ni is0.30%,the degradation rate of MO in50min is95%for0.3Ni-B-BiVO4sample which also can effectively degrade methyl blue(MB),acid orange(AOII)II and rhodamine B(RhB).The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of B and Ni doping.

Preparation of ZrO_(2) Fibers by Template Impregnation Method

Viscose fiber templates(15 cm×15 cm×1 cm)were put into ZrOCl_(2) solutions of different concentrations(1,2 and 3 mol·L^(-1))and impregnated at different temperatures(20,40 and 60℃)for 20 h.After washing,centrifugation and drying,ZrO_(2) fiber precursors were obtained.ZrO_(2) fibers were prepared by heat treatment of the precursors at different temperatures(600,800,1000 and 1200℃)for 2 h.The effects of the impregnation temperature,the impregnation solution concentration and the heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and the phase composition of the ZrO_(2) fibers were studied.The results show that with the increase of the impregnation temperature from 20℃to 60℃and the impregnation solution concentration increase from 1 mol·L^(-1) to 3 mol·L^(-1),the microstructure of fiber cross section changes from flat to cylindrical,and the average fiber diameter increases,indicating that the increase of the impregnation solution concentration and the impregnation temperature is beneficial to increasing the adsorption capacity of Zr4+on viscose fiber templates.After heat treatment,ZrO_(2) fiber mainly exists in the form of monoclinic ZrO_(2).With the increase of the heat treatment temperature,the grains in ZrO_(2) fibers become larger and the crystallinity degree increases,meanwhile the fiber surface undergoes a transition from smooth to small grains and then to cracks.

Impact of impregnation pressure on desulfurization performance of Zn-based sorbents supported on semi-coke

High-pressure impregnation, a new preparation method for sorbents to remove H2S from hot coal gas, is introduced in this paper. Semi-coke （SC） and ZnO is selected as the support and active component of sorbent, respectively. The sorbent preparation process includes high-pressure impregnation, filtration, ovendry and calcination. The aim of this research is to primarily study the effects of the impregnation pressure on physical properties and desulfurization ability of the sorbent. The desulfurization experiment was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 500 ~C and a simulated coal gas used in this work was composed of CO （33 vol%）, H2 （39 vol%）, H2S （300 ppm in volume）, and N2 （balance）. Experimental results show that the pore structure of the SC support can be improved effectively and ZnO active component can be uniformly dispersed on the support, with the small particle size of 10-500 nm. Sorbents prepared using high-pressure impregnation have better desulfurization capacity and their active components have higher utilization rate. P20-ZnSC sorbent, obtained by high-pressure impregnation at 20 atm, has the best desulfurization ability with a sulfur capacity of 7.54 g S/100g sorbent and a breakthrough time of 44 h. Its desulfurization precision and efficiency of removing H2S from the middle temperature gases can reach 〈 1 ppm and 〉99.7%, respectively, before sorbent breakthrough.

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

Selecting the Technology of Sodium Silicate Modified Poplar with the Highest Performance by Fuzzy Orthogonal Method

Sodium silicate modification can improve the overall performance of wood.The modification process has a great influence on the properties of modified wood.In this study,a new method was introduced to analyze the wood modification process,and the properties of modified wood were studied.Poplar wood was modified with sodium silicate by vacuum-pressure impregnation.After screening using single-factor experiments,an orthogonal experiment was carried out with solution concentration,impregnation time,impregnation pressure,and the cycle times as experimental factors.The modified poplar with the best properties was selected by fuzzy mathematics and characterized by SEM,FT-IR,XRD and TG.The results showed that some lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the wood due to the alkaline action of sodium silicate,and the orderly crystal area of poplar became disorderly,resulting in the reduction of crystallinity of the modified poplar wood.FT-IR analysis showed that sodium silicate was hydrolyzed to form polysilicic acid in wood,and structural analysis revealed the formation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-C,indicating that sodium silicate reacted with fibers on the wood cell wall.TG-DTG curves showed that the final residual mass of modified poplar wood increased from 25%to 67%,and the temperature of the maximum loss rate decreased from 343℃ to 276℃.The heat release and smoke release of modified poplar wood decreased obviously.This kind of material with high strength and fire resistance can be used in the outdoor building and indoor furniture.

Impregnation of Carbonate Rock with Bituminous Compounds. II. Improvement of the Impregnation Material

The steam-thermal method for refinery of highly-viscous oils and the process of propane-butane liquid extraction have been implemented for production of the impregnation material for carbon rock. The process of steam-thermal treatment has been carried out for highly-viscous oil from Ashalchinskoye accumulation with the “steam-oil” ratio changing from 1.1:1 to 1.4:1. The extraction process has been carried out at temperature T = 85°C and pressures from 4.5 to 8 MPa. Water absorption of carbonate rock has decreased to 0.34% as a result of SCF-impregnation process.

堇青石负载CuCo整体式催化剂的制备及其催化氧化甲苯性能

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,采用浸渍法制备了CuCo整体式催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、XPS和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Cu^(2+)与Co^(2+)的质量比(Cu/Co质量比)、活性组分负载量、煅烧温度对其催化氧化甲苯性能的影响。结果表明:部分Cu^(2+)取代Co^(2+)进入Co3O4形成Cu_(0.27)Co_(2.73)o_(4)尖晶石;整体式催化剂的最佳制备条件为Cu/Co质量比2∶1、活性组分负载量15%(w)、煅烧温度500℃;在空速为10000 h^(-1)、甲苯质量浓度为2000 mg/m^(3)的条件下,整体式催化剂催化氧化甲苯转化50%和90%时的温度分别为252℃和289℃。

有机模板孔径和烧结温度对SiC泡沫陶瓷结构和性能影响

SiC泡沫陶瓷作为一种新型多孔材料,因其强度高、硬度高、耐腐蚀、耐高温等优异性能,被广泛应用于冶金、石油化工、航空航天、生物医学等领域。以SiC为主要原料,Al_(2)O_(3)为烧结助剂,采用有机模板浸渍法制备了SiC泡沫陶瓷,研究了有机模板孔径和烧结温度对SiC泡沫陶瓷宏微观形貌、相组成、孔隙率及压缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着有机模板孔径由35 ppi增至20 ppi,SiC泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率由48.3%升至75.6%,而抗压强度由1.94 MPa降至0.40 MPa。随着烧结温度由1350℃提高至1500℃,SiC泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率由78.7%降至68.3%,抗压强度先升后降。在1450℃制备的SiC泡沫陶瓷样品抗压强度最高(1.45 MPa),其孔隙率为71.6%,孔结构完整、颗粒堆积紧密,针眼孔洞、裂纹以及脆性方石英相较少。

稀释剂用量对铁硅铝软磁粉芯含浸强度的影响

金属软磁粉芯生坯强度通常较低,在制造过程中需采用含浸树脂的方法提高强度。采用非活性稀释剂(四氯乙烯)和活性稀释剂636(三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚)作为135环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐含浸体系的混合稀释剂,研究了四氯乙烯的用量对于铁硅铝软磁粉芯抗压强度的影响以及含浸工艺对铁硅铝软磁粉芯磁性能的影响。同时,结合实测抗压强度和孔隙率对复合材料抗压强度公式进行了修正,得出了金属软磁粉芯抗压强度的计算公式。结果表明,经含浸处理后,软磁粉芯的抗压强度显著提高,在树脂与稀释剂的质量比约为1∶2时达到最大值18.43 MPa,且磁性能与含浸之前的样品相比没有明显变化。这表明在该配比下,稀释剂可以和环氧树脂充分均匀混合,并且可以与固化剂更好地发生交联固化,从而有效提高环氧树脂的力学性能。对含浸工艺和软磁粉芯抗压强度计算公式的研究结果,可为提高软磁粉芯强度的量产工艺开发提供参考。

非贵金属催化剂Ni/AC选择性氢解木质素C-O键

用浸渍法制备了具有高活性的非贵金属催化剂Ni/AC,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、高分辨扫描透射电镜(STEM)对催化剂进行了表征,并研究了催化剂、温度、时间、氢气压力等因素对苯基苯醚选择性裂解C-O键的影响。结果表明Ni/AC在木质素α-O-4模型化合物的氢解反应中表现出较高的活性和选择性,获得了较高收率的甲苯和苯酚(>65.5%)。除此之外该催化剂在真实木质素的氢解反应中也展示出较好的活性。

3种植物源物质复配对异囊地蛛的驱避作用

[目的]寻找烟田蜘蛛卵囊类异物防控新方法。[方法]采用Y型嗅觉仪法和滤纸药膜法研究3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油3种植物源物质复配对异囊地蛛选择行为的影响。[结果]3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油3种植物源物质不同体积比复配对异囊地蛛均具有很好的驱避作用,其中体积比8∶2∶3的驱避效果最好,达91.67%,且72 h内均有显著驱避效果。[结论]3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油3种植物源物质复配作为高效植物源驱避剂防治烟田蜘蛛卵囊类异物具有应用前景。

不同浸渍方式对氯化锌活化竹纤维活性炭理化结构和性能的影响

为探究浸渍工艺对活性炭理化性质及性能的影响,以脱除木质素的竹纤维为原料,氯化锌为活化剂,通过真空浸渍、常温搅拌浸渍、物理混合浸渍3种不同的方式浸渍竹纤维,采用化学活化法制备竹纤维基活性炭。通过比表面积及孔径分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对活性炭的孔隙结构、化学结构和晶体结构进行表征,并探讨不同浸渍方式制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力及电化学性能。结果表明:常温搅拌浸渍制备的活性炭比表面积最大,为2096.981m^(2)/g,物理混合浸渍制备的活性炭比表面积最小,为1788.566m^(2)/g;常温搅拌浸渍制备的活性炭微孔最多,真空浸渍制备的活性炭中孔最多;竹纤维活化后纤维素及半纤维素基本分解,不同浸渍方式制备的活性炭官能团并无显著差异;活化后纤维晶型遭到破坏形成无序炭结构,3种浸渍方式制备的活性炭均具有部分石墨和无序石墨的特征。电化学性能测试表明:3种活性炭均表现出明显的双电层电容特性及可逆性;不同电流密度条件下搅拌浸渍制备的活性炭比电容均最高,电流密度为0.2A/g时比电容达到257F/g;真空浸渍制备的活性炭电荷转移电阻更低,物理混合浸渍制备的活性炭具有更好的导电性;真空浸渍制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力最好,对亚甲基蓝的平均吸附量为841.5mg/g,物理混合浸渍制备的活性炭吸附性最差。

FeCl_(3)改性活性炭脱硫性能研究

这是一篇环境工程领域的论文。实验采用浸渍法,以FeCl_(3)作为改性剂对活性炭进行改性,研究其脱硫能力。实验研究了改性剂浓度、焙烧温度、反应温度对改性活性炭脱硫性能的影响。研究表明,随着改性溶液浓度的增加,活性炭表面附着的Fe_(2)O_(3)随之增加,改性活性炭的比表面积和总孔容均降低,平均孔径增加;随着焙烧温度升高,活性炭表面附着的Fe2O3数量持续增加,焙烧温度超过300℃时,活性炭表面的孔隙结构出现烧结现象,降低改性活性炭的脱硫性能;随着反应温度升高,FeCl_(3)/AC-0.15的吸附性能先升高再降低。当FeCl_(3)改性溶液浓度为0.15mol/L,焙烧温度300℃,反应温度为60℃时,改性活性炭的脱硫效率最高。

浸渍法制备堇青石质多孔陶瓷

以攀西地区高岭土为主要原料,添加少量氧化铝和氧化镁,采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备堇青石多孔陶瓷,研究有机泡沫预处理时间及浆料固含量对堇青石多孔陶瓷显微结构及物理性能的影响。结果表明:在m(高岭土)∶m(Al_(2)O_(3))∶m(MgO)=66∶21∶13、1250℃保温0.5 h条件下,制得的堇青石多孔陶瓷孔径为1.0~1.2 mm,显气孔率为75.42%~96.27%,抗压强度为0.23~1.78 MPa,透水系数为18.58~25.86 cm·s^(-1);当浆料固含量为40%(质量分数)时,对有机泡沫预处理(NaOH溶液浸泡)6 h,在1250℃保温0.5 h制得的堇青石多孔陶瓷透水系数及显气孔率分别为20.45 cm·s^(-1)和90.73%。

高压液氧装置用快速阀的设计与研究

高压液氧快速阀是测试装置能源供给系统中液氧储罐与试验段连接的关键设备,对液氧装置的安全运行起着重要作用。该阀门需满足超低温、超高压、大流量工况下快速启闭和双向密封的工作要求。为了提高冲击与汽蚀,阀座密封面使用等离子熔覆堆焊;采用椭圆形环槽金属密封垫以应对液氧的特殊工况。设计一种双向阀瓣导向结构满足双向高压差和快速启闭的要求,阀杆密封采用复合式多重密封结构,执行器采用高压双气缸串联设计。通过超低温浸渍法对其性能测试,各项结果满足设计指标要求。

浸渍法制备MgO/ZrO_(2)催化氧化NO

采用浸渍法制备MgO/ZrO_(2)催化剂.通过XRD、SEM、N_(2)-吸附/脱附等表征结合催化剂活性测试,研究了催化剂焙烧温度(200~800℃)对催化氧化NO的影响.进一步探究O_(2)含量、催化剂粒径对NO的转化率的影响.结合FTIR表征对最佳实验条件下反应前后的催化剂进行分析.结果表明,不同焙烧温度下的MgO/ZrO_(2)只显示出ZrO_(2)的特征峰,催化剂焙烧温度≤300℃时,MgO/ZrO_(2)催化剂为不定型,随着焙烧温度的升高氧化锆逐渐由无定型向四方相氧化锆转化.催化剂活性测试结果显示:800℃焙烧的催化剂更有利于催化氧化NO.MgO/ZrO_(2)催化氧化NO的效率与比表面积无相关性,而与催化剂堆积形成的狭缝孔有关.当O_(2)体积分数为5%,催化剂粒径为0.894 mm(20目),NO转化率随着反应温度的升高而增大;当反应温度为300℃时NO转化率达到最佳,为96%.

制备Fe_(2)O_(3)/Mn_(2)O_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)复合催化剂催化臭氧高效降解亚甲基蓝

本工作采用过量浸渍法制备了Fe_(2)O_(3)/Mn_(2)O_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)复合型催化剂,并考察了其用于催化臭氧降解亚甲基蓝的催化能力。研究了Fe/Mn负载比、催化剂投加量、O3浓度和pH等对亚甲基蓝降解的影响。结果表明,Fe/Mn负载比为1:2,催化剂投加量为2g/L,O_(3)浓度为10mg/L以及pH为5.5时,对亚甲基蓝色度和COD的去除率较好,分别可达99.8%和79.85%。对比O_(3)氧化处理亚甲基蓝,分别提高了10%和40%。

合成方法对Co基介孔二氧化硅纳米球丙烷脱氢性能的影响

以树枝状介孔二氧化硅纳米球为载体、Co为活性组分,分别采用等体积浸渍法、嫁接法和掺杂法制备了含Co介孔二氧化硅纳米球催化剂,利用XRD、SEM、N_(2)吸附-脱附、XPS等方法对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂的丙烷脱氢制丙烯的催化活性。实验结果表明,在嫁接法和掺杂法制备的催化剂中,活性组分Co的分散性更好,主要以Co^(2+)形式存在并与载体产生较强的相互作用;掺杂法合成过程简单,催化剂中树枝状介孔二氧化硅纳米球载体的结构保持更完整,催化剂表现出良好的丙烷脱氢活性和稳定性。

CoO_(x)/h-S-1催化剂制备及其催化硫醇氧化偶联合成二硫化物性能

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,引入具有撑层扩孔作用的N-苯基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,采用水热合成法制备多级孔分子筛h-S-1。通过浸渍法制备负载金属氧化物纳米簇的CoO_(x)/h-S-1复合催化剂,并将其用于催化硫醇氧化偶联反应。XRD、BET、XPS、SEM、TEM等表征结果表明,催化剂具有良好的MFI型拓扑结构,Co物种主要以Co_(3)O_(4)聚集体形式存在,在分子筛载体上分散良好,且CoO_(x)通过Co—O—Si键与分子筛存在较强相互作用。CoO_(x)/h-S-1对硫醇氧化偶联反应具有良好的催化活性,在优化条件:Co负载量3%、催化剂用量50 mg、溶剂2 mL甲醇、在60℃下反应6 h,以辛硫醇为探针分子,转化率达91%,二硫化物选择性100%。该催化剂硫醇底物适用范围广,且对于不同硫醇之间的交叉偶联反应制备不对称二硫化物也有较好的催化效果。报道了一条绿色高效的硫醇氧化偶联路径,对工业上硫资源的高价值利用和含硫精细化学品的绿色制备具有重要意义。

深江铁路珠江口隧道总体方案及关键技术研究

新建深江铁路位于大湾区中心,是“一带一路”倡议以及全国“八纵八横”沿海通道的重要组成部分,珠江口隧道作为新建深江铁路的控制性工程,周边环境及水文地质条件复杂,岩性多样,是目前我国埋置最深(矿山段最大埋深达115 m)、水压最大(盾构段最大水压1.06 MPa)的矿山与盾构组合工法海底隧道。该工程建设难度大、关键技术多,通过文献调研、理论研究、可行性分析,系统地对比分析南、北线位方案隧道平、纵、横断面的总体设计制约因素,结合不同工法的优势,提出矿山+盾构组合工法建设方案;提出了海洋腐蚀环境下盾构隧道管片的硅烷浸渍防腐技术;为不受制于盾构与矿山工程进度影响,采用“双壳”模式盾构机技术,实现了盾构机海底自主接收并同步原位拆解。该总体方案经济合理、风险可控,关键技术研究对策可确保隧道顺利安全建设,可为同类跨江越海隧道工程的设计提供参考与借鉴。