Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia on the stress response and hemodynamics among lung cancer patients

BACKGROUND Thoracic surgery for radical resection of lung tumor requires deep anesthesia which can lead to an adverse inflammatory response,loss of hemodynamic stability,and decreased immune function.Herein,we evaluated the feasibility and benefits of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia,in combination with general anesthesia,for thoracic surgery for lung cancer.The block was performed by diffusion of anesthetic drugs along the paravertebral space to achieve unilateral multi-segment intercostal nerve and dorsal branch nerve block.AIM To evaluate the application of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia for lung cancer surgery to inform practice.METHODS The analysis was based on 140 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer at our hospital between January 2018 and May 2020.Patients were randomly allocated to the peripheral+general anesthesia(observation)group(n=74)or to the general anesthesia(control)group(n=66).Patients in the observation group received ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia combined with general anesthesia,with those in the control group receiving an epidural block combined with general anesthesia.Measured outcomes included the operative and anesthesia times,as well as the mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and blood oxygen saturation(SpO;)measured before surgery,15 min after anesthesia(T1),after intubation,5 min after skin incision,and before extubation(T4).RESULTS The dose of intra-operative use of remifentanil and propofol and the postoperative use of sufentanil was lower in the observation group(1.48±0.43 mg,760.50±92.28 mg,and 72.50±16.62 mg,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).At the four time points of measurement(T1 through T4),MAP and HR values were higher in the observation than control group(MAP,90.20±9.15 mmHg,85.50±7.22 mmHg,88.59±8.15 mmHg,and 90.02±10.02 mmHg,respectively;and HR,72.39±8.22 beats/min,69.03±9.03 beats/min,70.12±8.11 beats/min,and 71.24±9.01 beats/min,respectively;P<0.05).There was no difference in SpO;between the two groups(P>0.05).Postoperative levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and dopamine used were significantly lower in the observation than control group(210.20±40.41 pg/mL,230.30±65.58 pg/mL,and 54.49±13.32 pg/mL,respectively;P<0.05).Similarly,the postoperative tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 levels were lower in the observation(2.43±0.44 pg/mL and 170.03±35.54 pg/mL,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia improved the stress and hemodynamic response in patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung cancer,with no increase in the rate of adverse events.

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with ultrasound-guided nerve block on hemodynamics, immune function and cortisol levels in patients undergoing inguinal surgery

Objective:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ultrasound guided nerve block on the hemodynamics, immune function and cortisol level in the patients undergoing inguinal surgery.Methods:A total of 120 patients who underwent unilateral inguinal surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 60 cases in each group. The control group was induced by intravenous anesthesia with sufentanil. The observation group was given dexmedetomidine combined with ultrasound guided ilioinguinal/iliac hypogastric nerve block. Hemodynamics, immune function and cortisol levels were compared between the two groups before and after anesthesia induction. Results:After anesthesia, in surgical incision and recovery time, the levels of HR in the two groups were significantly lower than that before the anesthesia, and the levels of HR in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group. After anesthesia, in surgical incision and recovery time, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the control group were significantly lower than that of the group before anesthesia. After anesthesia, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the group before anesthesia. In surgical incision and recovery time, there was no significant difference in the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group before anesthesia. After anesthesia, in surgical incision and recovery time, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group. The levels of serum PI3K, ET -1, CRP and cortisol of the two groups were significantly higher than those before anesthesia, and the levels of PI3K, ET -1, CRP and cortisol in the serum of the patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusion: The effect of dexmedetomidin combined with ultrasound guided nerve block anesthesia on the patients with inguinal surgery can effectively maintain the hemodynamic stability of the patients and have less influence on the immune function and the stress response. The security is higher.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block for elderly hip arthroplasty

Objective:To study the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block for elderly hip arthroplasty.Methods: A total of 99 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent hip arthroplasty in our hospital between January 2017 and March 2018 were selected, and the anesthetic solutions were reviewed and used to divide the enrolled patients into the control group (n=51) who accepted conventional general anesthesia and the nerve block group (n=48) who accepted ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block anesthesia. The differences in the serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indexes were compared between the two groups immediately after surgery (T0), 12 h after surgery (T1) and 24 h after surgery (T2).Results: At T0, serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indexes were not significantly different between the two groups. At T1 and T2, serum pain mediators PGF2a, SP and NPY levels of nerve block group were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels were lower than those of control group;serum oxidative stress indexes T-AOC and SOD levels were higher than those of control group whereas MDA and LHP levels were lower than those of control group.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided lower limb nerve block for elderly hip arthroplasty has exact analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Features and Principles the Spread of Local Anesthetic Blockade of the Sciatic Nerve at Depends on the Amount of Anesthetic

Aim: To study the features of local anesthetic solution spreading during sciatic nerve block in dependence on the anesthetic solution volume. Material and Methods: One hundred and sixty nine cases of sciatic nerve blocks done under ultrasonic visualization control were analyzed. Sciatic nerve blocks were performed by lidocaine in volumes 30;25;20;15;12.5;10;7.5;6.5;5;4.5 ml. The cross-section area, equal to local anesthetic spreading, was determined;the extension of the anesthetic solution spreading along sciatic nerve was calculated. Results: The anesthetic agent solution spreads along sciatic nerve in proximal and distal direction, forming a kind of cylinder. The minimum volume of the local anesthetic, which covers sciatic nerve in the whole, is 5 ml. A rare (1.77%) variation of sciatic nerve structure was described, in which tibial and common peroneal nerves develop directly from the branches of sacral plexus. Conclusion: The decrease of the local anesthetic volume leads to reduction of its spreading distance and cross-section area. Ultrasonic visualization can provide for sciatic nerve anatomical peculiarities, which can have an effect on the block quality.

Combined Sciatic, Femoral, and Obturator Nerve Blocks for Ankle Surgery in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension—A Case Report

We report a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion due to Charcot joint. Despite the advancement in the management of PAH, the risks of anesthesia, surgery, and postoperative morbidity and mortality still remain high. A 46-year-old female was presented with severe PAH and end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis three times a week. Ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks were performed with 0.5% levobupivacaine 15 ml, 10 ml, and 5 ml, respectively. All the blocks were successful, and the patient underwent uneventful anesthesia and surgery. In addition, the postoperative pain control lasted for 15 h and the patient was discharged on POD 5 without any complications. Therefore, ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks are valuable alternative to the general or neuraxial anesthesia in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.

Regional Block Anesthesia in Breast Surgery: What Do We Know So Far?

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and pain following mastectomy is a major post-surgical complication. This paper highlights the risk factors for chronic pain in breast surgery and evaluates various regional block techniques used to reduce post-operative pain, and minimize hospital stays in high-risk patients. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel regional anaesthesia techniques in an enhanced recovery context, and to assess their role in preventing or reducing chronic pain.

Clinical effect of acupuncture along fascia,meridians,and nerves combined with ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia:a randomized parallel-controlled study

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture along fascia,meridians,and nerves combined with ultrasound-guided nerve blockage in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.METHODS:A total of 61 outpatients with post-chest and back herpes zoster neuralgia were recruited in the Department of Pain at the Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from May 2019 to June 2021.They were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-one patients in the control group were treated with ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block(PVB)alone,one patient declined to continue during treatment(n=30),and thirty patients in the observation group received the acupuncture along the fascia,meridians,and nerves combined with ultrasound-guided PVB treatment(n=30).Both control and observation group received treatment weekly for 4 weeks.The medical history data such as age,sex,presence or absence of comorbidities and disease course were analyzed.The visual analog scale(VAS)score was used to assess the pain degree of two groups at T0(before treatment),T1(1-time treatment ended),T2(2 times treatment ended),T3(3 times treatment ended),and T4(4 times treatment ended).The sleep state was examined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)before and after the study.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in general conditions between the control group and the observation group(P>0.05).The VAS score in both control and observation group was decreased in a time-dependent manner after 1-4 weeks of treatment.There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups after 1 or 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).After 3 and 4 weeks of treatment,the VAS score was significantly decreased in the observation group compared with that in the control group(P<0.001).In addition,the reduction in VAS score(after treatment-before treatment)between the two groups was statistically significant[D value:-1.53,95%CI(-2.32,0.74),P<0.001].Furthermore,the sleep state of patients in both groups markedly improved and much obvious in the observation group than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that a combination of acupuncture along fascia,meridians,and nerves with ultrasound-guided PVB treatment is more effective than ultrasound-guided PVB treatment alone.

区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉对胫腓骨骨折手术患者应激反应、认知功能及睡眠质量的影响

目的:研究区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉对胫腓骨骨折手术患者应激反应、认知功能及睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年9月在郑州大学第一附属医院行切开复位内固定术的胫腓骨骨折患者104例,根据麻醉方式分为观察组(区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉,64例)和对照组(全身麻醉,40例)。比较2组患者麻醉诱导前、手术切皮时、手术30 min、手术结束时、术后30 min应激反应指标[血清白介素-6(IL-6)、皮质醇(COR)水平],记录苏醒时间,拔管时间,拔管后VAS评分、镇静Ramsay评分,并于术前1 d、术后1 d和3 d评价患者认知功能(MMSE评分)及睡眠质量(PSQI评分)。结果:与对照组比较,观察组血清IL-6、COR水平波动更小(P<0.001)。观察组苏醒时间[(7.11±1.55)min vs(12.28±1.83)min]、拔管时间[(11.09±1.26)d vs(17.43±2.02)d]均短于对照组,且拔管后VAS评分[(1.92±0.70)分vs(3.95±0.71)分]低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组拔管后镇静Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.100)。观察组术后MMSE评分、PSQI评分较对照组有更大改善(P<0.001)。结论:区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉能够减少胫腓骨骨折手术患者应激反应,不损伤术后认知功能,保障术后睡眠质量。

Three Cases of Idiopathic Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia Treated by Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block under Ultrasound Guidance

In treating superior laryngeal neuralgia （SLN）, superior laryngeal nerve blocks （SLNBs） can provide immediate relief of persistent pain. Although SLNB was effective, the procedure can increase the risks due to the proximity to the carotid artery, external vein, and other vessels. To avoid complications such as advertent intravascular injection, local anesthetic toxicity from intravascular absorption, and intratracheal injection, we successfully blocked the superior laryngeal nerve under ultrasound guidance in three patients suffering from SLN. The written informed consent before treatment was obtained for each patient participating in this study.

超声技术在临床麻醉中的应用进展

随着便携式超声设备和高分辨率探头的使用,以及超声技术的改进,超声技术在临床麻醉中的应用日益广泛。经食道超声心动图在心脏手术中的应用在心血管麻醉史中具有重要的意义。通过食道超声,麻醉医生可以实时了解患者心脏的前后负荷以及心室的充盈状态,从而可以对心脏功能做出快速而有效的评估。此外,经食道超声可以评估心脏手术效果,甚至在一定程度上影响手术决策。超声引导下进行动静脉穿刺置管和外周神经阻滞,不仅成功率高,而且并发症少。

股神经阻滞联合无止血带技术在全膝关节置换术中的应用及效果

目的探讨股神经阻滞联合无止血带技术在全膝关节置换术(TKA)中的应用,并分析其在减轻术后疼痛中的作用及对术后认知功能的影响。方法本院2016年1月至2018年1月行TKA患者251例,男117例,女134例,年龄18～80岁,BMI 16.9～31.7 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级,随机分为四组:止血带下膝关节置换+静脉镇痛组(PT1组,n=56);止血带下膝关节置换+股神经阻滞镇痛组(PT2组,n=63);无止血带下膝关节置换+静脉镇痛组(P1组,n=56);无止血带下膝关节置换+股神经阻滞镇痛组(P2组,n=76)。分别于术前1 d、术后1、2、3 d测量术侧大腿中上1/3处周长,并于同时点采集外周静脉血测定白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)浓度。分别于术前1 d、术后1、2、3、7 d和3个月评测患侧膝关节活动度(AROM),采用视觉模拟疼痛评分法(VAS)评估静息和活动时的疼痛VAS评分。分别于术前1 d、术后1、2、3 d采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估患者认知功能,记录术后3 d内认知功能损害发生情况和恶心呕吐(PONV)发生情况。结果术后1、2、3 d PT1组和PT2组大腿周长增加值明显大于P1组和P2组(P<0.05)、CRP浓度明显低于P1组和P2组(P<0.05)。术后1、2 d PT1和P1组AROM明显小于PT2组和P2组(P<0.05),PT1组静息和活动时VAS评分明显高于PT2组、P1组和P2组(P<0.05),且P1组活动时VAS评分明显高于PT2组和P2组(P<0.05)。术后1 d PT1组和PT2组MoCA评分明显高于P1组和P2组(P<0.05)。术后3 d内PT1组和PT2组认知功能损害总发生率明显低于P1组和P2组(P<0.05),PT1组和P1组PONV的总发生率明显高于PT2组和P2组(P<0.05)。结论持续股神经阻滞联合无止血带技术用于全膝关节置换术,患者术后大腿肿胀及疼痛程度较轻,利于膝关节功能锻炼,关节活动度恢复快,但术后全身炎症反应较重且术后早期认知功能损害发生率增加。

物理治疗与颈交感神经阻滞联合应用治疗急性面神经炎的疗效研究

目的对比观察物理治疗与物理治疗加颈交感神经阻滞联合治疗急性面神经炎的疗效。方法将102例患者随机分为两组,A组52例,采用超短波、偏振光治疗急性面神经炎;B组50例,采用超短波、偏振光治疗加颈交感神经阻滞治疗,对比两组的疗效。结果B组的疗效较A组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者均无并发症发生。结论在用超短波和偏振光治疗的同时加用颈交感神经阻滞治疗急性面神经炎,疗效比仅用超短波和偏振光治疗的疗效更佳。

Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉效果研究

目的通过临床随机对照试验的方法评价Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉有效性和安全性。方法使用左右半口设计,32例患者的左右下颌阻生第三磨牙分别随机采用Gow-Gates法和传统注射法进行下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉,并拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙,记录麻醉效果及不良事件。结果所有患者均完成研究。Gow-Gates法的麻醉成功率为96.9%,传统注射法的麻醉成功率为90.6%,二者的麻醉成功率无统计学差异(P=0.317)。在麻醉程度上,Gow-Gates法麻醉程度为A和B级的比率为96.9%,明显好于传统注射法的78.1%(P=0.034)。Gow-Gates法的回抽出血率明显低于传统注射法(P=0.025),2种注射方法均未出现血肿。结论 Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉效果好且较为安全,可以作为传统注射法的有效补充。

影响皮神经阻滞技术治疗带状疱疹疗效的相关因素的分析研究

目的探讨影响皮神经阻滞技术治疗带状疱疹及预防远期后遗神经痛(PHN)效果的相关因素,为皮神经阻滞技术应用于社区医疗提供理论依据。方法对150例于疼痛科就诊的带状疱疹急性期患者应用皮神经阻滞技术进行治疗,采用前瞻性队列观察研究的方法,评价不同因素下的治疗效果。结果经治疗的150例带状疱疹患者中,PHN发生率为8%;疼痛的缓解程度与年龄、皮疹出现后治疗介入时间、皮损面积相关(P<0.05),与性别无明显相关性(P>0.05)。即:中青年、介入治疗时间早、皮损面积小的患者疼痛缓解程度更明显。结论皮神经阻滞技术对带状疱疹的治疗效果明确,针对特定人群的治疗效果更佳。应针对相关影响因素,对社区易感人群进行健康教育,促使患者提早就医;在治疗中,评估就诊患者的一般情况,在适宜的基础上早期应用皮神经阻滞技术治疗。

椎间孔镜技术联合选择性神经根阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效研究

为研究椎间孔镜技术联合选择性神经根阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。回顾性分析本院2015年1月—2019年12月采用椎间孔镜技术联合选择性神经根阻滞治疗120例腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料。术后随访6个月,观察并记录术中情况、并发症发生情况及术后6个月采用Macnab量表评价手术疗效。结果表明:120例患者均顺利完成手术,平均术中出血量(32.34±12.45)mL,平均手术时间(64.14±16.42)min,术后卧床时间(1.23±0.82)d,平均住院时间(3.34±1.12)d;120例患者均获得随访,术后6个月优良率为90.83%。120例患者术后并发症总发生率为8.33%,其中术侧感觉迟钝与腰痛复发各3例、手术部位再突出与损伤血管丛各2例。椎间孔镜技术联合选择性神经根阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效可靠,术后并发症发生率低,值得临床推广。

神经阻滞技术与周围神经痛

介绍三叉神经痛、舌咽神经痛、枕神经痛、颈椎性神经根痛、肋间神经痛、坐骨神经痛、股神经痛、股外侧皮神经痛、髂腹股沟及髂腹下神经痛等10种周围神经痛的病因和发病机制、临床症状、诊断以及治疗方法。神经阻滞(nerveblock,NB)技术治疗这些疾病是来源于麻醉学的一种独特的方法。当药物疗法或其他方法不见效时改用这种技术可获显著效果,于是详述眶上NB,眶下NB,上颌NB,下颌NB,颏NB,半月神经节乙醇、甘油、热凝NB,舌咽NB,枕NB,肋间NB,腰大肌肌沟阻滞,股NB,股外侧皮NB,髂腹股沟及髂腹下NB等18种NB技术的实施方法。

无保护会阴助产技术联合改良阴部神经阻滞麻醉在自然分娩初产妇中的临床应用效果及安全性分析

目的探讨无保护会阴助产技术联合改良阴部神经阻滞麻醉在自然分娩初产妇中的临床应用效果及安全性。方法选取本院2018年5月至2019年5月收治的162名拟自然分娩的初产妇作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组81名。对照组产妇给予改良阴部神经阻滞麻醉技术进行辅助分娩,观察组产妇在对照组的基础上联合使用无保护会阴助产技术进行辅助分娩。比较两组初产妇不同时期疼痛程度、会阴撕裂及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组产妇在胎儿娩出时、阴道缝合时及产后2 h的疼痛评分均低于对照组产妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇会阴撕裂总发生率(3.70%)低于对照组(13.58%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用无保护会阴助产技术联合改良阴部神经阻滞麻醉对自然分娩的初产妇进行辅助分娩,可有效减轻产妇在分娩不同时期的疼痛程度,降低会阴撕裂的发生率,减少不良反应,具有较高的安全性。

三种不同阻滞方法在外周神经阻滞中的应用效果比较

目的探讨三种不同阻滞方法在外周神经阻滞中的应用效果。方法选取本院收治的90例拟实施上臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的患者作为研究对象,随机分成神经解剖定位组、神经刺激器定位组和超声引导下定位组3组,比较3组的阻滞效果。结果超声引导下定位组的阻滞效果最好,其阻滞麻醉起效时间显著优于神经刺激器定位和神经解剖定位组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下定位在3种神经阻滞技术中临床阻滞效果最好,起效时间最快。

两种不同的髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞方法在小儿腹股沟手术应用的比较

目的探讨髂腹股沟神经-髂腹下神经阻滞在儿童腹股沟手术应用的效果及成功率。方法择期行儿童腹股沟手术患者120例,年龄3~11岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级。予以0.25%布比卡因2 mg/kg,行髂腹股沟神经-髂腹下神经阻滞。第一组中,针被插入置于髂前上棘至脐连接线外侧四分之一和内侧四分之三交点处,第二组中,在第一组穿刺点内侧上方1 cm处.两组分别记录各时间点HR、NIBP、Sp O2,并记录术后1~2 h、3~4 h、4 h后的镇痛效应。阻滞失败定义为操作过程中需要镇痛。结果在研究观察期间,ILIH神经阻滞在第一组中的成功率为94.8%,在第二组中成功率94.5%,两组之间无显著差异。生命体征,包括心率,收缩压和舒张压,以及SPO2变化,两组无显著差异(P>0.5)。复苏后,两组间疼痛变化的严重程度也无显著差异。结论两种髂腹股沟神经-髂腹下神经阻滞应用于儿童腹股沟手术时,麻醉效果确切、安全、可靠,术后镇痛效果良好。两种阻滞效果及成功率是相似。

超声引导腰交感神经阻滞治疗下腹癌痛的护理配合

目的探讨超声引导腰交感神经阻滞治疗下腹癌痛的围术期护理。方法 2017年3月—2018年5月的48例下腹部恶性肿瘤伴顽固性癌痛、排尿排便障碍的患者术前做好评估和手术准备以及心理护理,术中及术后做好一般护理、饮食护理、疼痛护理以及合理的出院指导。结果 48例患者经神经丛阻滞治疗后,36例疼痛消失和明显减轻,8例疼痛减轻,4例疼痛无缓解,总有效率91.6%,7例出现轻度腹泻,2例出现腿脚无力,5例出现恶心、呕吐,经对症治疗在24小时内自行消失。无严重护理并发症发生。结论围术期采用合理有效的护理措施有助于巩固下腹癌痛患者的治疗效果,提高患者的满意度。