Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of myosin heavy chain(MyHC)from fast skeletal muscle of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

The myosin heavy chain(MyHC)is one of the major structural and contracting proteins of muscle.We have isolated the cDNA clone encoding MyHC of the grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella. The sequence comprises 5 934 bp,including a 5 814 bp open reading frame encoding an amino acid sequence of 1 937 residues.The deduced amino acid sequence showed 69%homology to rabbit fast skeletal MyHC and 73%–76%homology to the MyHCs from the mandarin fish,walleye pollack,white croaker,chum salmon,and carp.The putative sequences of subfragment-1 and the light meromyosin region showed 61.4%–80%homology to the corresponding regions of other fish MyHCs.The tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific expressions of the MyHC gene were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.The MyHC gene showed the highest expression in the muscles compared with the kidney,spleen and intestine.Developmentally,there was a gradual increase in MyHC mRNA expression from the neural formation stage to the tail bud stage.The highest expression was detected in hatching larva.Our work on the MyHC gene from the grass carp has provided useful information for fish molecular biology and fish genomics.

Induction of Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Anti-Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain Antibodies in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Autoimmune is involved in the pathogenesis of ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).In the present study, we investigated the effect of anti-cardiac myosin heavy chain antibodies (AMHCA) from patients with AMI on rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was observed and measured by DNA end labeling and Annexin-Ⅴ/PI double-staining assay.The expression of apoptosis related p53 and Bcl-2 protein and the second messenger calcium were detected respectively by Western blotting, patch clamp and confocal calcium imaging.The results showed that AMHCA was able to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose dependent manner.Apoptosis-accelerating nucleoprotein p53 was up-regulated, while apoptosis-inhibiting cytoplasmic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated.In parallel, cytoplasmic calcium concentration was elevated.There was no effect on L-type calcium currents.It is concluded that AMHCA in patients with AMI as a novel triggering factor can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which contributes to ventricular remodeling.

Effect of aerobic exercise on the contractile function of gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain

Objective To study the effect of 4-6 weeks’ treadmill training of male SD rats on the contractile function of their gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain (MHC). Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and training group. The treadmill training of the training group rats was incessantly performed for 4-6 weeks at an intensity of about 75% VO2max (18.5-24 m/min,gradient of 0°,each training session lasting 50 minutes,twice a day). The content of gastrocnemius MHC mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the changes of muscle fibre and its cross-section area (CSA) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Electric stimulation tests were used to determine the maximal tension of isometric contraction of the post-training gastrocnemius. Results ① After continuous treadmill training for 4-6 weeks,we found that the content of the total MHC,MHC Ⅰ,MHC Ⅱx,MHC Ⅱa mRNAs was 105%,105%,109% and 108% of that in the resting control group,respectively,and the MHC Ⅱb mRNA content did not change significantly. The percentage of MHC Ⅰ mRNA in the total MHC mRNA increased while that of MHC Ⅱ mRNA decreased after aerobic training. ② The slow type of fibre type Ⅰ was the main part of the MHC after training and the CSA of the muscle fibres increased simultaneously. ③ The maximal tension of isometric contraction by pulse stimulation of square wave in the training group increased significantly compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings indicate that aerobic exercise may promote an increase in the contractile function of MHC.

Agaro-Oligosaccharides Prevent Myostatin Hyperexpression and Myosin Heavy Chain Protein Degradation in C2C12 Myotubes Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-<i>α</i>

Myostatin is a major factor involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein mass. High myostatin levels have been associated with an increase in myotube shrinkage. Enhanced myostatin expression is caused by pro-catabolic reactions involving compounds such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The present study investigated the effects of agaro-oligosaccharides (AOSs) on hypercatabolism of myotubes exposed to TNF-α. C2C12 myotubes exposed to TNF-α in the presence or absence of AOSs. Myotube exposure to TNF-α resulted in a reduction in the amount of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein and a decrease in myotube diameter, which was associated with increased myostatin mRNA expression. AOSs prevented TNF-α-induced MyHC protein loss and restored normal myostatin mRNA levels, with agarobiose and agarotetraose effectively suppressing the hyperexpression of the mRNA. In addition, expression levels of the known myostatin inhibitors, latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 3 (Ltbp3) and growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein 1 (Gasp1) mRNAs, decreased more in TNF-α-induced myotubes than in the TNF-α-free control, possibly resulting in myostatin upregulation. However, AOSs restored nearly normal expression levels of Ltbp3 and Gasp1 mRNA, potentially suppressing myostatin expression. These findings suggest that AOSs could prevent myotube shrinkage induced by TNF-α.

HMG CoA reductase inhibition by Simvastatin gets rat <i>β</i>-Myosin heavy chain disappeared: A statin paradox

3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme of mevalonate pathway, generates, in addition to cholesterol, a range of products involved in several biological functions: oligoprenyl groups, dolichol and ubiquinone. The latter, in particular, participates in electron transport chain and, in turn, in tissue energy supply. The enzyme is inhibited by statins that, besides lowering cholesterolemia, seem to impair human energy-dependent myocardial functions (e.g. stroke volume, cardiac output, and contractile index). The modulation of heart contractile properties could be explained by the decrease of ventricle ubiquinone content and/or by putative changes in proportion of the different myosin heavy chain isoforms. Since we previously demonstrated that chronic statin treatment modifies myosin heavy chain isoform pattern in skeletal muscle impairing its functional properties, this work was aimed at investigating the effects of statin chronic treatment on both ventricle ubiquinone content and myosin heavy chain isoforms. Our results showed that simvastatin treatment leads to a reduced amount of rat ventricle ubiquinone and to β myosin heavy chain disappearance. Thus, statins which are prescribed to prevent cardiovascular disease, might induce cardiac metabolic and structural modifications whose functional implications on contractility are still to be established and carefully considered.

Alterations in myosin heavy chain isoform gene expression during the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to congestive heart failure in rats

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the decreased velocity of tension rise in rat myocardium during congestive heart failure (CHF) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by aortic stenosis.Methods The maximum velocity of tension rise (+dT/dtmax) was measured in left ventricular papillary muscle and the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the left ventricle were detected by Northern blot analysis.Results The value of +dT/dtmax in CHF and LVH group were 64.17% and 37.15% lower than sham-operated controls (Sham) (P<0.01); values in the CHF group were 42.99% lower than that of LVH (P<0.01). The level of α-MHC mRNA in LVH was not different from that of the Sham (P>0.05), but decreased significantly in CHF to 42.3% of Sham and 56.1% of LVH (P<0.01). The level of β-MHC mRNA was up-regulated by 88.3% (P<0.01) in LVH compared with Sham and the level of β-MHC in CHF was 1.5-fold and 3.7-fold higher than that in LVH and Sham respectively (P<0.01). The ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA in LVH and CHF decreased to 42.4% and 9.8% respectively of the value in Sham (P<0.01). Correlation between α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA level and +dT/dtmax was analyzed which showed that these values were positively correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.875 (P<0.01).Conclusion The decreased ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA was the major molecular mechanism underlying the decreased +dT/dtmax in CHF and LVH myocardium. The decreased ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC mRNA in LVH was mainly due to the up regulation of β-MHC mRNA while in CHF both down regulation of α-MHC and up regulation of β-MHC were involved.

Influence of injection of Chinese botulinum toxin type A on the histomorphology and myosin heavy chain composition of rat gastrocnemius muscles

Background and objective:Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT/A)is a metalloprotease that blocks synaptic transmission via the cleavage of a synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa(SNAP-25).It has gained widespread use as a treatment for cerebral palsy and skeletal muscle hypertrophy.In China,Chinese botulinum toxin type A(CBTX-A),a type of BoNT/A,is in widespread clinical use.However,the changes in the morphological and biochemical properties of treated muscles and in remote muscles from the CBTX-A injection site are relatively unknown.Therefore,we investigated the changes in histomorphology and myosin heavy chain(MyHC)isoform composition and distribution in rat gastrocnemius muscles after intramuscular injection of CBTX-A.Methods:The weakness of the injected muscles was assessed periodically to identify their functional deficiency.Muscle slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase).MyHC isoform composition was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)to uncover changes in morphological and biochemical properties.Results:Our findings demonstrate that following injection of CBTX-A 5 U into rat gastrocnemius muscles,shifts in MyHC isoform composition emerged on the third day after injection and peaked in the fourth week.The composition remained distinctly different from that of the control group after the twelfth week.More specifically,there was a decrease in the proportion of the type IIb isoform and an increase in the proportions of type IIx,type IIa,and type I isoforms.Conclusions:Data revealed that CBTX-A led to a shift in MyHC composition towards slower isoforms and that the MyHC composition remained far from normal six months after a single injection.However,no noticeable remote muscle weakness was induced.

Mutation of Arg723Gly in β-myosin heavy chain gene in five Chinese families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy （HCM） is a form of cardiomyopathy with an autosomal dominant inherited disease, which is caused by mutations in at least one of the sarcomeric protein genes. Mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain （β-MHC） are the most common cause of HCM. This study was to reveal the disease-causing gene mutations in Chinese population with HCM, and to analyze the correlation between the genotype and phenotype. Methods The exons 3 to 26 of MYH7 were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced in five non-kin HCM patients. A 17-year-old patient was detected to be an Arg723Gly mutation carrier. Then his family was gene-screened, and the correlation between genotype and phenotype was analyzed. Results The mutation of Arg723Gly in a Chinese family with HCM was detected for the first time. With a C-G transversion in nucleotide 13 619 of the MYH7 gene, located at the essential light chain interacting region in S1, the replacement of arginine by glycine took place at amino acid residue 723. A two-dimensional echocardiogram showed moderate asymmetrical septal hypertrophy with left atria enlargement. There was no obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract. In his family, a total of 13 individuals were diagnosed HCM and 5 of them were dead of congestive heart failure at a mean age of 66-year-old. Eight living members were all detected to carry the mutation, in which 3 developed progressive heart failure. Moreover, the heart function of the people evidently deteriorates when their age are older than 50. The mutation and the disease show co-separated. Conclusion The Arg723Gly mutation is a malignant type. In Chinese the mutation has the similar characters to the former report but has low degree malignant.

Effect of myosin heavy chain composition of muscles on meat quality in Laiwu pigs and Duroc

In order to explain the mechanism of high meat quality in Laiwu pigs and investigate the relation between myosin heavy chains (MyHC) composition and meat quality, meat quality analysis was conducted and mRNA expression of MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb was quantified by real-time fluorescence PCR in longissimus muscle (LM) and semimembranous muscle of Laiwu pigs and Duroc. The result indicated that, compared with Duroc, mRNA expression of MyHC IIa, IIx in LM and semimembranous muscle of Laiwu pigs was significantly increased, mRNA expression of MyHC IIb was dramatically decreased. However, the expression of MyHC I was not significantly affected by breeds. The correlation between mRNA expression of MyHC I, IIa, IIx in LM and meat color, pH value, marbling, intramuscular fat content was positive, but shear value of LM was negative. The relation between MyHC IIb mRNA expression and marbling, intramuscular fat content was dramatically negative, whereas shear value was strikingly positive, as well as fiber diameter, but without reaching statistical significance. Therefore, the composition of MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb affected meat quality, furthermore, expression of MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb mRNA prominently influenced meat characteristics, especially edible quality of muscle, suggesting that mRNA expression level of MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb can exactly and impersonally estimate meat quality.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE β－MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN GENE MISSENSE MUTATIONIN A CHINESE PATINENT WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPHTHY

We have analyzed the exons 13, 16, 21 and 23 of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene in 32 Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) procedure. The result showed an altered SSCP of the exon 13 in one patient. Sequencing analysis revealed that the patient had a G to T transversion in the codon 383, resulting in the substitution of Lys by Asn. Beacause the missense mutation was found at the residue highly conserved through species evolution, this mutation is likely, to be the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in this patient. This is the first report of a mutant cardiac β-MHC gene in the Chinese population. Also, it is a novel missense mutation of the cardiac β-MHC gene.

Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle to Prolonged Activity: Role of Myosin

The aim of this short review is to describe the role of myosin isoforms during the adaptation of skeletal muscle to prolonged physical activity (for example endurance exercise) and to show the coordination between changes in muscle oxidative capacity and myofibrillar apparatus in slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles. Adaptational changes in myosin isoforms during long lasting muscle activity (decrease of MyHC IIb isoforms relative content and increase of that MyHC IIa and decrease of MyLC 1 fast isoforms in fast-twitch muscles) are in good coordination with changes of muscle oxidative capacity. These changes show that during regular endurance exercise fast-twitch muscle fibers (type IIA) are also recruited and create the potential source of increase in endurance capacity during the process of adaptation to the prolonged physical activity.

MYH7基因c.1574A>G突变致扩张型心肌病1S型家系分析

目的 采用全外显子组测序分析1例左心系统扩张患儿的基因变异情况,并进行家系分析,确认扩张型心肌病1S型(DCMIS)的病因。方法 收集1例左心系统扩张患儿的临床资料。采用染色体拷贝数变异测序(CNV-seq)检测患儿染色体结构缺失和重复情况。采用全外显子组测序分析患儿基因变异情况,采用Sanger测序对患儿及其父母、异卵双生姐姐变异位点进行验证。通过生物信息学分析评估变异位点的危害性。结果 患儿心脏彩色多普勒超声示左心功能降低,左心系统明显扩张增大,肺动脉高压,二尖瓣和三尖瓣反流。CNV-seq结果为seq[hg19]46,XN,未发现染色体异常。全外显子组测序分析结果显示,患儿β-心肌肌肉球蛋白重链7(MYH7)基因发生杂合变异[c.1574A>G(p.Glu525Gly)]。检索OMIM、ClinVar数据库,未见相关报道;检索ESP数据库、千人基因组数据库、ExAC数据库和gnomAD数据库,该变异位点未被收录,属于新发变异。Sanger测序证实变异存在,患儿父母、姐姐MYH7基因均正常。MYH7基因c.1574A>G(p.Glu525Gly)变异导致蛋白侧链O端与第484位赖氨酸侧链N端之间形成的氢键侧链相互作用消失。结论 c.1574A>G(p.Glu525Gly)为新发现的MYH7基因变异,是造成患儿左心系统明显扩张的原因。新发变异的检出丰富了DCMIS致病机制研究数据。

LINC00852调节miR-671-5p/MYH9信号轴对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖侵袭及迁移的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA00852(LINC00852)调节微小RNA-671-5p(miR-671-5p)/肌球蛋白重链9(MYH9)信号轴对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移的影响。方法:采用qRT-PCR法检测45例2022年9月至2023年12月期间在我院进行手术的NSCLC患者术中切除的NSCLC组织及癌旁组织中LINC00852、miR-671-5p、MYH9 mRNA的表达。以A549细胞为研究对象,将其随机分为Control组、sh-NC组、sh-LINC00852组、sh-LINC00852+anti-NC组、sh-LINC00852+anti-miR-671-5p组。检测各组中LINC00852、miR-671-5p、MYH9 mRNA的表达;平板克隆实验、Transwell实验、划痕实验分别检测敲低LINC00852对A549细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移的影响;Western blot检测各组A549细胞中PCNA、MYH9、MMP-9蛋白的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测LINC00852与miR-671-5p、miR-671-5p与MYH9之间的互作。结果:NSCLC组织LINC00852(1.65±0.34)、MYH9 mRNA表达(1.73±0.35)高于癌旁组织[(0.98±0.29)、(1.01±0.33)](t=10.058、10.041,P<0.05),miR-671-5p表达(0.52±0.15)低于癌旁组织(1.00±0.18)(t=13.742,P<0.05)。sh-LINC00852组A549细胞的克隆数、侵袭数、划痕愈合率、LINC00852、MYH9 mRNA和蛋白、PCNA蛋白、MMP-9蛋白表达低于sh-NC组、Control组,miR-671-5p表达高于sh-NC组、Control组(P<0.05);与sh-LINC00852组、sh-LINC00852+anti-NC组相比,sh-LINC00852+anti-miR-671-5p组克隆数、侵袭数、划痕愈合率、MYH9 mRNA和蛋白、PCNA蛋白、MMP-9蛋白表达升高,miR-671-5p表达降低(P<0.05)。LINC00852可以靶向负调控miR-671-5p,miR-671-5p可以靶向负调控MYH9。结论:敲低LINC00852可以抑制NSCLC细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移,其机制可能是通过调控miR-671-5p/MYH9信号通路实现的。

淡水鱼肉蛋白质组成及其在鱼糜制品加工中的变化

本文通过鱼肉蛋白质组成、鱼糜凝胶特性的测定及SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,研究了鲢、鳙、草、鲫四种淡水鱼鱼糜凝胶特性及其凝胶形成过程中蛋白质组成的变化。四种淡水鱼肉粗蛋白质含量基本相同,但凝胶特性存在明显差异,其原因是四种淡水鱼肉的盐溶性蛋白含量不同。在鱼糜制品加工过程中,盐溶性蛋白质、水溶性蛋白的比例逐渐下降,而不溶性蛋白比例逐渐上升。弹性凝胶体的形成始于盐擂阶段,主要形成于低温凝胶化阶段。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳图谱显示,肌球蛋白重链的量在鱼糜凝胶形成过程中明显减少,而肌球蛋白轻链和肌动蛋白的量几乎未发生变化。肌球蛋白重链在内源转谷氨酰胺酶作用下,发生分子间或分子内的ε-(γ-Glu)-Lys共价交联,形成了网络状的不溶性蛋白。

非肌性肌球蛋白重链9基因突变相关疾病:一个家系报告

目的:提高对非肌性肌球蛋白重链9基因(myosin heavy chain 9,nonmuscle,MYH9)突变相关疾病的认识。方法:报告一个MYH9相关疾病家系的临床及实验室检查资料,包括外周血和骨髓涂片的细胞形态学检查(瑞姬染色),外周血超微结构检查,流式细胞术分析血小板膜糖蛋白,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应和直接测序的方法分析MYH9 mRNA,应用聚合酶链反应和直接测序方法分析MYH9基因。结果:患儿及其父亲均有巨大血小板、血小板减少和粒细胞内包涵体(Dhle样小体)。患儿及其父亲血小板膜糖蛋白GPIb均轻度降低。mRNA和基因组DNA分析均证实,患儿存在杂合的碱基替代突变(5797C>T),使第1933位密码子CGA转为终止密码子TGA。基因组DNA分析显示,其父亲携带有与患儿相同的突变。结论:本例患儿及其父亲具有巨大血小板、血小板减少、粒细胞内包涵体和MYH9基因点突变,MYH9相关疾病的诊断成立。

宰后肌肉中肌球蛋白磷酸化调控肌动球蛋白解离作用机制

【目的】研究宰后肌肉中肌球蛋白磷酸化与肌动球蛋白解离之间的关系,分析其磷酸化水平的变化对肌动球蛋白解离的影响,探究肌球蛋白磷酸化对宰后肌肉肌节长度与嫩度的作用。【方法】取宰后30 min内的羊背最长肌,在4℃条件下分别成熟6、24、48和72 h,通过SDS-PAGE电泳、Pro-Q染色和蛋白质免疫印迹测定肌球蛋白的磷酸化水平和肌动球蛋白解离程度随宰后时间的变化;测定肌动球蛋白ATP酶的活性,分析宰后不同时间点肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白结合作用力的强弱;采用透射电镜分析宰后肌节长度随时间的变化。【结果】研究发现宰后肌肉中肌球蛋白轻链2的磷酸化水平在0.5—48 h快速降低(P<0.05),并在48 h达到最低点,在48—72 h有所升高(P<0.05),但其最终磷酸化水平明显低于初始值。肌动球蛋白的解离程度在宰后初期(0.5—6 h)显著降低(P<0.05),在6—48 h显著升高(P<0.05),并于48—72 h维持稳定,其最终解离程度显著高于宰后0.5 h的初始值。肌动球蛋白ATPase活性在宰后初期(0.5—6 h)略有升高,6—24 h快速上升(P<0.05),并在24 h达到最高点,24—72 h逐渐降低;而肌节长度的变化则与之相反,呈先下降后上升的趋势,并在24 h达到肌节最短点。【结论】羊宰后肌肉中的肌球蛋白轻链2磷酸化水平的变化对肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白的相互作用有较大的影响,且肌节收缩(肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白的相互作用力)与肌动球蛋白的解离(肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白的相互作用量)并不是一个同步的进程。肌球蛋白轻链2的磷酸化修饰负向调控肌动球蛋白解离和肌动球蛋白ATPase活性,导致肌节的收缩与舒张,进而调控肉品最终的嫩度。

心脏肌球蛋白重链基因c.1273G>A突变与肥厚型心肌病的关联分析

为研究中国人家族性肥厚型心肌病(HCM)的致病基因突变位点,分析基因型与临床表型的相互关系,文章在1个中国汉族HCM家系中进行心脏肌钙蛋白T(TNNT2)基因、心脏肌球蛋白结合蛋白C(MYBPC3)基因和心脏β-肌球蛋白重链(MYH7)基因的突变筛查,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增基因功能区外显子片段并对PCR产物进行测序分析。结果表明:在该家系接受调查的7名成员中有4名成员携带MYH7基因c.1273G>A杂合突变,该突变位点位于MYH7基因的14号外显子并使425位的甘氨酸(Gly)转换为精氨酸(Arg)。该突变首次在国内HCM家系中发现,突变携带者的临床表型在家系内部呈现明显的异质性。该家系成员TNNT2及MYBPC3基因未发现突变且正常对照组相同位置未发现异常。MYH7基因是我国家族性HCM的致病基因之一,携带c.1273G>A突变的肥厚型心肌病患者临床表型差异明显,提示可能有其它因素参与了肥厚型心肌病的发展过程。

模拟高原运动大鼠心肌重塑与肌球蛋白重链的适应性变化

目的观察缺氧及缺氧复合运动条件下大鼠心肌重塑与肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain,MHC)异构体组成的变化。方法Wisatar大鼠随机分为4组平原对照组、缺氧组、平原运动组和缺氧复合运动组。缺氧复合运动组大鼠持续暴露于模拟海拔5000m高原5周,每天降至4000m高原进行游泳运动1h(6d/周),运动结束后回升至5000m;缺氧组大鼠同时在低压舱内相同海拔高度饲养,但不进行游泳运动;平原运动组和平原对照组在舱外同时饲养,其中平原运动组每天进行游泳运动1h(6d/周)。在末次运动结束后24h处死大鼠,分离左、右心室,称重并计算左、右心室重量指数。用含10%甘油的SDS-PAGE电泳分离左、右心室MHC异构体,观察心室肌MHC异构体组成变化。结果缺氧35d大鼠右心室重量指数增加,缺氧复合运动组大鼠左、右心室重量指数均增加。缺氧组右室MHC异构体组成比例与平原对照组相比无显著变化,平原运动组右室α-MHC异构体比例显著高于平原对照组,缺氧复合运动组右室α-MHC异构体比例显著高于平原对照组和缺氧组,低于平原运动组。左室MHC异构体组成比例变化趋势与右心室相似。结论缺氧复合运动条件下,心肌纤维MHC异构体由β-MHC向α-MHC转换,可能是缺氧条件下适度运动促进机体对高原习服适应的机制之一。

运动逆转自发性高血压大鼠左心室肌球蛋白a和β重链变化的作用

本实验观察到自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）经过１０周游泳运动，收缩压和舒张压分别比安静ＳＨＲ降低２０％和１７％，左心室肌球蛋白α－重链（ａ－ＭＨＣ）增加了２０％，β－重链（β－ＭＨＣ）降低２０％，肌原纤维ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性提高了６６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。但两组大鼠心重／体重比值差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５），比ＷＫＹ对照组分别高２１％和１５．３８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果说明运动对ＳＨＲ大鼠左心室ＭＨＣ变化有逆转作用，而对心肌肥大程度无明显改变。提示运动训练可使病理性重塑的心脏发生生理性重塑过程，对其功能和结构的提高与改善具有积极意义。

碘缺乏和碘过量对大鼠心肌肌球蛋白重链基因表达的影响

目的观察碘缺乏和碘过量对大鼠心肌肌球蛋白重链(MHC)基因表达的影响。方法Wistar大鼠随机分为低碘(LI)组、适碘(NI)组、5、10、50、100倍高碘(5HI、10HI、50HI、100HI)组,饲养6个月。采用化学发光方法测定血中甲状腺激素(TH)水平,记录大鼠心电图,心脏指数,RT-PCR法检测心肌肌球蛋白重链α和β(α-MHC、β-MHC)mRNA的表达。结果与NI组相比,LI组血清TH水平降低(P<0．01),心脏指数增大(t=2．973,P<0．01),心肌细胞α-MHC mRNA表达量降低(t=4．382,P<0．01),β-MHC mRNA表达量增高(t=5．843,P<0．01)。各HI组血清TH水平较NI组有下降趋势,10H1、50HI、100HI组血清TT3与NI组相比差异有统计学意义(t=4．901、4．838、2．406,P<0．01或0．05),10HI、50HI组血清TT4与NI组相比差异有统计学意义(t=2．162、2．348,P<0．05);但心电图各波段和心脏指数未见明显改变:α-MHC mRNA表达量随摄入含碘量的升高而呈下凋趋势,但与NI组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0．05),而50HI和100HI组β-MHC mRNA表达量显著上调(t=2．632、4．127．P<0．05或0．01)。结论碘缺乏和碘过量均可导致Wistar大鼠甲状腺功能减退(甲减),影响心脏受TH调节的靶基因的表达量,进而影响心脏的功能状态。