Photoprotective Ability of Colored Iron Oxides in Tinted Sunscreens against Ultraviolet, Visible Light and Near-Infrared Radiation

Solar-induced skin damage continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide, despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photoageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The sample without iron oxide (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared wavelengths. The samples with yellow, and red iron oxide blocked over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared effectively. The sample with black iron oxide blocked visible light, and near-infrared effectively compared with other samples with yellow, blue, and red iron oxide. The sample with red and black iron oxides, and the sample with yellow, blue, red, and black iron oxides blocked ultraviolet through to near-infrared. It can be concluded that dark colored iron oxide combinations are effective at blocking from ultraviolet through to visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study may also suggest that biological colour of human skin and subcutaneous tissues are conserved for comprehensive photoprotection.

Novel Low Viscosity Zinc Oxide, Iron Oxides and Erioglaucine Sunscreen Potential to Protect from Ultraviolet, Visible Light and Near-Infrared Radiation

Despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens and ultraviolet blocking materials, solar-induced skin damage and photoageing continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photo ageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. A possible solution could be to augment sunscreens with metal oxides which block visible light and near-infrared radiation. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of novel low viscosity sunscreen containing zinc and iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The Sunscreen base without zinc oxide and iron oxides (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared. The novel low viscosity zinc oxide sample blocked almost over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared sufficiently. However, the samples with the novel low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine blocked almost over 90% of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared. It can be concluded that this novel combination of low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine is effective at blocking ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be adopted to prevent skin photodamage.

Photoprotective Ability of Sunscreens against Ultraviolet, Visible Light and Near-Infrared Radiation

Despite the widespread prevalence of daily sunscreen usage, solar-induced skin damage continues to occur. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, perform as aging factors and induce deleterious effects such as photoaging, vasodilation, muscle thinning, skin ptosis, photoimmunosupression and photocarcinogenesis. Despite this, most commonly used sunscreens only block ultraviolet radiation. To evaluate the complete solar-spectrum blocking ability of sunscreens produced by internationally well-known companies, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer utilizes a unique, single monochromatic design covering a wavelength range of 240 to 2600 nm. Sunscreens (thickness, 0.1 mm, SPF50+, PA+++ or ++++) from internationally well-known companies blocked 78.8% - 99.9% of ultraviolet, 33.4% - 99.6% of visible light, and 27.0% - 76.4% of near-infrared. It can be concluded that while most commercially available sunscreens filter ultraviolet radiation, they are not effective at blocking visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be considered to prevent skin photodamage.

The thermal and storage stability of bovine haemoglobin by ultraviolet-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopies

The effects of temperature,pH and long-term storage on the secondary structure and conformation changes of bovine haemoglobin（bHb） were studied using circular dichroism（CD） and ultraviolet-visible（UV-vis） spectroscopies.Neural network software was used to deconvolute the CD data to obtain the fractional content of the five secondary structures.The storage stability of bHb solutions in pH 6,7 and8 buffers was significantly higher at 4 ℃ than at 23 ℃ for the first 3 days.A complete denaturation of bHb was observed after 40 days irrespective of storage temperature or pH.The bHb solutions were also exposed to heating and cooling cycles between 25 and 65 ℃ and structural changes were followed by UVvis and CD spectroscopies.These experiments demonstrated that α-helix content of bHb decreased steadily with the increasing temperature above 35 ℃ at all pH values.The loss in a-helicity and gain in random coil conformations was pH-dependent and the greatest under alkaline conditions.Furthermore,there was minimal recovery of the secondary structure content upon cooling to 25 ℃.The use of bHb as a model drug is very common and this study elucidates the significance of storage and processing conditions on its stability.

Determination of Thioglucoside in Cabbage by Using the Ultraviolet-visible Light Spectrophotometer

The ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer method was adopted to determine thioglucoside in cabbage with the seeds.Individual plant of cabbage was used as test materials,palladium chloride as complexing agent and sodium cellulose glycolate as dispersing agent.The results showed that palladiumd thioglucoside method could be taken as a quick,easy and precise quantitative analysis method to determine thioglucoside in cabbage.

Deep-ultraviolet and visible dual-band photodetectors by integrating Chlorin e6 with Ga_(2)O_(3)

Gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3))is a promising material for deep-ultraviolet(DUV)detection.In this work,Chlorin e6(Ce6)has been integrated with Ga_(2)O_(3)to achieve a DUV and visible dual-band photodetector,which can achieve multiple target information and improve the recognition rate.The photodetector shows two separate response bands at 268 nm and 456 nm.The DUV response band has a responsivity of 9.63 A/W with a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 54.5 nm;the visible response band has a responsivity of 1.17 A/W with an FWHM of 45.3 nm.This work may provide a simple way to design and fabricate photodetectors with dual-band response.

Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy Studies of PET Irradiated with High Energy Heavy Ions

Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)films were irradiated at room temperature with ions of 35 MeV/u^(40)Ar,25 MeV/u^(84)Kr,15.1 MeV/u^(136)Xe and 11.4 MeV/u^(238)U to fluences ranging from 9×10~9 to 5.5×10^(120 ions/cm^2.The radiation-induced chemical changes were investigated by ultraviolet/visible(UV/Vis)spectroscopy.It is found that the semi-transparency films become gradually opaque to the visible light and the absorption

Ultraviolet-visible spectral properties of nanometer zinc oxide colloidal solution

Nanometer zinc oxide was prepared by solid phase reaction. And the ultraviolet visible spectral properties of nanometer zinc oxide colloidal solution dispersed in both water and oil phases were studied. The results show that the absorbance of the colloidal solution to ultraviolet light increases with the decrease of wavelength and reaches about 2.5 at the wavelength of 200 nm. When the mass fraction of nanometer zinc oxide becomes lower, the transmittance of the colloidal solution to visible light gets higher, and it is much higher than that of normal zinc oxide under the same conditions, indicating that nanometer zinc oxide dispersed in both water and oil phases has high transmittance to visible light and good shield to ultraviolet light. Therefore it is suitable for the replacement of organic ultraviolet absorber and titanium dioxide in cosmetics.

UV/visible Analysis of Polyimide Irradiated by Different Swift Heavy Ions

To observe the role of electronic energy loss(dE/dX)_e on chemical modification of polyimide(PI),the multi layer stacks of polyimide were irradiated by different swift heavy ions under vacuum and at room temperature.The irradiatioins with 1.37 GeV^(40)Ar,1.98 GeV^(84)Kr and 1.755 GeV^(136)Xe were performed at HIRFL(Lanzhou,China),and the irradiation with 2.636 GeV^(238)U was performed at UNILAC(Darmstadt,Germany).Thechemical changes of modified PI films were studied by ultraviolet/visible(UV/Vis)absorpt...

IMPROVEMENT OF FLUORIMETRIC AND UV－VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY METHODS FOR MEASURING NITRIC OXIDE AND／OR EDRF IN BLOOD

The increasing importance of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF),which has now been identified as nitric oxide (NO),has been underscored by the eltlcidation of its role'in a growing number of normal and pathophysiological processes. Therefore techniques for detection of nitric oxide should serve as useful tools in defining the role of nitric oxide to these processes.We have improved a simple, sensitive assay methods for determination of nitric oxide in blood, tissue, and other body fluids both by fluorometric and by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric measurements. Data obtained by floores cence and by UV-visible assay were correlated well (r=0. 9938, P<0. 0001 ).Linearity:0.1￣ 100μmol/L,r =0.9996,P<0.0001. The minimum detection limit were < 10pmol/L. Within-and between-run CVs were 2. 48%and 4. 62% (n = 10),respectively.Reference values for healthy adults(n=40) were(9.82 ± 1. 57) pmol/L. In conclusion:the methods is sensitive, specific,and precise. It is fairly rapid and simple to perform andrequires no pretreatment of sample, i. e., plasma and urine.The value can be obtained by fluorimeter and/or UV-visible spectrophotometer.The present method is sufficiently rapid and simple to make this a practical choice for many laboratories.

紫外可见波长溶液标准物质的研制

以紫外可见区无吸收的高氯酸溶液作为空白基体,利用稀土元素钬和钕在紫外可见光区丰富的光谱特征吸收,研制一种可以覆盖200~900nm的紫外可见区的波长溶液标准物质。采用对峰值点附近进行3次样条插值进行数据处理,并以插值后的峰值数据作为峰值波长,分辨力可到小数点后两位。经过均匀性和稳定性检验,由9家实验室采用高精度紫外可见分光光度计对该标准物质进行协同定值,并进行不确定度评定。结果表明,该标准物质均匀性良好,在25℃下保存稳定性在1年以上。该标准物质可应用于光谱光度测量仪器的波长校准和期间核查等。

基于可见光谱结合神经网络算法快速鉴别特级初榨橄榄油

随着中国经济的不断繁荣,人民对物质生活水平提出了更高的要求,预防疾病、改善身体功能的食品成为当前消费市场的“热点”。油脂能提供人体所必需的能量,食用油是人类获取油脂的主要途径之一,而高品质植物油含有对人体健康更有益的物质,例如单不饱和脂肪酸、多酚、角鲨烯、维生素E等营养物质。由于采用物理冷榨工艺,特级初榨橄榄油几乎保留了其橄榄果中所有的营养物质,油酸含量高达70%。因此,虽然作为一种“舶来品”,特级初榨橄榄油进入中国市场后一直是植物油市场中的“宠儿”,其价格也明显高于市场上的普通植物油。在利益的驱动下,特级初榨橄榄油的制假贩假现象屡禁不止,制假贩假的手段也不断更新迭代,从而造成国内橄榄油市场假冒伪劣产品屡禁不止,掺假的油品不仅会对消费者的生命财产造成伤害,而且也会影响合法经营者的生产和销售,扰乱销售市场,破坏市场秩序,影响民众对特级初榨橄榄油的认可度。为实现特级初榨橄榄油掺伪量的快速、准确、低成本地检测,提出一种基于广义回归神经网络结合紫外可见光谱实现植物油定性定量分析方法。广义回归神经网络在学习速度和非线性映射能力上表现出色,且扩散因子是其网络的唯一优化参数,不需要反向传播和反复迭代。与其他检测技术相比,紫外可见光谱技术在检测周期、稳定性、低维护成本等方面具有压倒性优势。通过两种方法的联用在植物油定性鉴别中实现了100%的判别,在特级初榨橄榄油掺伪定量检测中实现了判定系数R2优于0.98875,均方根误差RMSE优于0.03833的结果。研究结果表明,该模型在植物油种类鉴别及特级初榨橄榄油掺伪定量检测中表现出优秀的预测能力。

HPLC与紫外-可见分光光度法对翻白草中黄酮类成分含量测定

目的 建立测定翻白草中黄酮类成分含量的最佳方法。方法 先建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定翻白草中的4种黄酮类物质含量的方法,其中流动相为乙腈与0.1%甲酸溶液,并采用梯度洗脱,柱温设为30℃,色谱柱为InertSustain C18(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),检测波长设为360 nm,并对不同批次的翻白草中的4种黄酮类物质含量进行检测;选取芦丁作为对照品,以UV-VIS法测定翻白草中总黄酮含量。结果 不同产地的翻白草含有的黄酮类成分含量差异较大,总黄酮含量的差异也较大,建立的HPLC法与紫外-可见分光光变法(UV-VIS)法具有很好地重复性,样品稳定性好,且仪器精密度高,两种检测方法相结合能很好的把控翻白草品质。结论 以UV-VIS法对翻白草中的总黄酮进行测定,并采用HPLC法测定翻白草中含有的槲皮苷、芦丁、山柰酚和槲皮素,方法较为简便,且有很好的重复性、稳定性,精密度高,能很好地控制翻白草的品质,并为临床研究及其药理活性研究提供依据。

壳聚糖-魔芋葡甘聚糖复合絮凝剂在印染污水处理中的应用

利用改性-交联的方法制备壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘聚糖复合絮凝剂,以亚甲基蓝为例,对印染废水进行处理。探究了壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘聚糖复合絮凝剂的用量、吸附时间以及pH值对印染污水吸附率的影响。结果表明:在常温条件下,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为8.0 mg/L,溶液PH为9,壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘聚糖复合絮凝剂的投加量为0.3 g,吸附时间72 h,亚甲基蓝溶液吸附率达到98.90%。

生物质炭和有机肥配施对水稻土溶解性有机质光谱学特征的影响

为探究生物质炭对水稻土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)的影响及其与有机肥配施的协同效应,通过5年连续定位试验,探讨了生物质炭施用5年后不同施肥处理:对照(CK)、生物质炭(BC)、化肥(F)、生物质炭+化肥(F+BC)、化肥+有机肥(25%氮替代,MF)和化肥+生物质炭+有机肥(25%氮替代,MF+BC)对水稻产量和土壤pH、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机碳、易氧化有机碳(ROC)及溶解性有机碳的影响。采用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱结合平行因子分析方法对土壤中DOM的光谱特征和荧光组分进行表征,分析了DOM的紫外光吸收系数和紫外光斜率系数以及荧光指数、腐殖化指数、生物指数和富里酸、色氨酸、胡敏酸相对含量。结果表明:施用生物质炭和有机肥均能有效提高水稻产量,缓解土壤酸化,并且MF+BC处理水稻产量和土壤有效磷含量最高。水稻产量与DOM生物可利用性、芳香化程度、腐殖化程度、色氨酸组分含量和亲水性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。提高DOM生物可利用性和腐殖化程度均表现为有机肥大于生物质炭。生物质炭显著增加DOM富里酸和色氨酸组分含量,并且促进了水稻土中ROC向难氧化有机碳转化;而有机肥有效增加DOM富里酸、色氨酸、胡敏酸和ROC含量。生物质炭和有机肥协同配施对提升水稻产量及增加ROC、DOM富里酸和色氨酸含量、芳香化程度、腐殖化程度和生物可利用性方面具有交互作用。综上所述,在本研究条件下生物质炭配施有机肥在水稻增产和水稻土有机碳及DOM组分功能多样性提升方面具有长期效应。

周环取代基对酞菁在不同基质中光谱性能的影响

将不同周环取代基的金属酞菁均采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)工艺法掺入二氧化硅(SiO2)凝胶玻璃基质中,制备了金属酞菁掺杂的复合凝胶玻璃。系统研究了酞菁铅系列、酞菁铝系列和酞菁锌系列中不同周环取代基种类和位置对酞菁在N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)溶液和二氧化硅凝胶玻璃基质中的紫外-可见吸收光谱的影响,以检测不同周环取代基的种类和位置对酞菁在不同基质中的存在状态及其影响因素。首先研究了周环取代基种类的影响:在DMF溶液中,不同周环取代基-CP、-OAr、 t-Bu的引入,均可使大环π电子形成更大的共轭体系,使最大电子吸收波长产生红移;在复合凝胶玻璃中,掺杂金属酞菁以多聚物的形式存在,使其紫外-可见光谱中的特征吸收峰均变得弥散;研究了周环取代基位置的影响:对酞菁铝系列研究了周环取代基-OAr分别在α和β位时,α-AlTPOPcCl和β-AlTPOPcCl在DMF溶液和二氧化硅复合凝胶玻璃中的紫外-可见吸收光谱,结果表明:在DMF溶液中,由于电子共轭效应,α位的取代基相比β位其特征峰有所红移;在复合凝胶玻璃中,α-AlTPOPcCl的紫外-可见吸收光谱与其在DMF溶液中几乎相同,说明α-AlTPOPcCl在这两种基质中以单体形式存在,而β-AlTPOPcCl在复合凝胶体系中吸收光谱峰型弥散,说明该酞菁在复合体系中多以团聚体形式存在。研究结果为进一步研究酞菁掺杂复合凝胶玻璃的光学性能奠定了基础,为非线性光限幅性能材料及器具的研究奠定了理论基础。

污泥好氧堆肥过程中亲水性组分的光谱和电化学特征

为了探讨污泥堆肥过程中亲水性组分(hydrophilic fraction,HyI)的结构组成和电子转移能力的变化规律和机理,本研究以污泥堆肥过程中的HyI为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、二维相关光谱(2D-COS)和电化学方法,对其结构组成和电子转移能力的变化进行了系统研究.光谱分析显示,随着堆肥的进行,HyI中芳香族化合物含量增加,醌基含量增加,类蛋白物质含量降低,类胡敏酸物质和类富里酸物质含量增加,芳构化程度和腐殖化程度增强.酰胺和多糖类物质在HyI中占据主导地位,HyI中的羧基含量增加,而酚类含量降低.电化学分析显示,在堆肥过程中,HyI的电子供给能力(electron donating capacity,EDC)呈现先增加后减少的趋势;HyI的电子接受能力(electron accepting capacity,EAC)呈现先减少后增加的趋势.总体上,HyI的电子转移能力(electron transfer capacities,ETC)呈现上升的趋势,表明堆肥过程提高了HyI的氧化还原能力.相关性分析显示,HyI分子量越小、硅酸盐和多糖含量越低,越利于HyI给出电子;而HyI羧基含量越高、类胡敏酸物质越多、腐殖化程度越高、芳香性越强,越利于HyI得到电子.研究显示,污泥堆肥过程中HyI的结构组成和电子转移能力发生了显著变化,HyI分子量的降低、功能基团硅酸盐含量的降低和腐殖化程度的升高与HyI的电子转移能力有密切关系.该结果有助于进一步了解污泥堆肥过程中HyI的形成及其氧化还原特性,为发挥其在治理环境污染中的作用提供依据.

合成染料与染料脱色过氧化物酶Il-DyP4相互作用的光谱分析

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法,分析蒽醌类染料(reactive blue 19(RB19),reactive blue 4(RB4))、偶氮类染料(reactive violet 5(RV5),reactive black 5(RB5))及底物2,2′-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)与染料脱色过氧化物酶Il-DyP4之间的相互作用.紫外-可见吸收光谱法结果表明,Il-DyP4和上述底物之间均形成了复合物;荧光光谱法结果表明,上述底物均使Il-DyP4产生了荧光淬灭效应,且淬灭类型为静态淬灭,符合紫外-可见吸收光谱的结果.根据双对数方程■,计算出RB19,RB4,RV5,RB5,ABTS与Il-DyP4相互作用的表观结合常数(Ka)分别为:9.386 2×10^(4)L·mol^(-1)(298 K),5.615 7×10^(6) L·mol^(-1)(298 K),1.926 2×10^(6) L·mol^(-1)(288 K),5.277 8×10^(5) L·mol^(-1)(298 K),2.234 6×10^(5) L·mol^(-1)(298 K).热力学参数分析结果表明,上述底物与Il-DyP4的结合依赖于疏水相互作用,是自发的吸热过程.

紫外可见分光光度法测定土壤中有效磷的含量及其在淫羊藿实验田施肥过程中的应用

提出了紫外可见分光光度法测定土壤中有效磷含量的方法。取经过风干研磨并且过1 mm筛的土壤样品2.5 g,置于100 mL具塞离心管中,加入50.0 mL碳酸氢钠提取剂,于(25±1)℃超声10 min,于(25±1)℃以转速8000 r·min^(−1)离心5 min。取10 mL上清液用水定容至50 mL,加入5.0 mL钼锑抗显色剂,置于恒温振荡器中振荡1 min,再加入10 mL水,振荡1 min,于25℃静置30 min后,用1 cm光径比色皿在波长880 nm处,以磷标准溶液系列的零点为参比进行比色测定。结果表明:磷的质量浓度在1.0 mg·L^(−1)以内与对应的吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(2.528s)为0.107 mg·kg^(−1);方法用于分析4个浓度水平的土壤有效态成分分析标准物质,测定值均在认定值的不确定度范围内,并且测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%;方法用于淫羊藿实验田施肥前后土壤样品的分析,测定结果与NY/T 1121.7-2014的基本一致。