Experimental Analysis of Radial Centrifugal Pump Shutdown

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in the metallurgy,coal,and building sectors.In order to study the hydraulic characteristics of a closed impeller centrifugal pump during its shutdown in the so-called power frequency and frequency conversion modes,experiments were carried to determine the characteristic evolution of parameters such as speed,inlet and outlet pressure,head,flow rate and shaft power.A quasi-steady-state method was also used to further investigate these transient behaviors.The results show that,compared to the power frequency input,the performance parameter curves for the frequency conversion input are less volatile and smoother.The characteristic time is longer and the response to shutdown is slower.The quasi-steady-state theoretical head-flow curves match the experimental head-flow curves more closely at low flow rates when the frequency conversion input is considered.Moreover,in this case,the similarity law predicts the hydraulic performance more accurately.

Simulation Method and Feature Analysis of Shutdown Pressure Evolution During Multi-Cluster Fracturing Stimulation

Multistage multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing has enabled the economic exploitation of shale reservoirs,but the interpretation of hydraulic fracture parameters is challenging.The pressure signals after pump shutdown are influenced by hydraulic fractures,which can reflect the geometric features of hydraulic fracture.The shutdown pressure can be used to interpret the hydraulic fracture parameters in a real-time and cost-effective manner.In this paper,a mathematical model for shutdown pressure evolution is developed considering the effects of wellbore friction,perforation friction and fluid loss in fractures.An efficient numerical simulation method is established by using the method of characteristics.Based on this method,the impacts of fracture half-length,fracture height,opened cluster and perforation number,and filtration coefficient on the evolution of shutdown pressure are analyzed.The results indicate that a larger fracture half-length may hasten the decay of shutdown pressure,while a larger fracture height can slow down the decay of shutdown pressure.A smaller number of opened clusters and perforations can significantly increase the perforation friction and decrease the overall level of shutdown pressure.A larger filtration coefficient may accelerate the fluid filtration in the fracture and hasten the drop of the shutdown pressure.The simulation method of shutdown pressure,as well as the analysis results,has important implications for the interpretation of hydraulic fracture parameters.

WINDOWS95使用随笔——中文视窗九五关于DELE、V-FAT、SHUTDOWN的说明

一、怎样删除WINDOWS 95系统 常有电脑爱好者询问:WIN95出故障后,如何将其在DOS下删除?为什么有故障而不能再次进行WIN95的安装呢?或怎样正确进行WIN95的删除呢? 先说说发烧友的一个普遍不良习惯,这就是找到一个新的软件,不管三七二十一,先装进计算机再说,如果遇到问题,不去查阅操作手册,而是凭着平时的所谓“专业知识功底”删掉再装。

A polyethylene microsphere-coated separator with rapid thermal shutdown function for lithium-ion batteries

Thermal runaway is the main factor contributing to the unsafe behaviors of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in practical applications.The application of separators for the thermal shutdown has been proven as an effective approach to protecting LIBs from thermal runaway.In this work,we developed a thermal shutdown separator by coating a thin layer of low-density polyethylene microspheres(PM)onto a commercial porous polypropylene(PP)membrane and investigated the thermal response behaviors of the as-prepared PM/PP separator in LIBs.The structural and thermal analysis results revealed that the coated PM layer had a porous structure,which facilitated the occurrence of normal charge-discharge reactions at ambient temperature,although it could melt completely and fuse together within very short time periods:3 s at 110℃and 1 s at 120℃,to block off the pores of the PP substrate,thereby cutting off the ion transportation between the electrodes and interrupting the battery reaction.Consequently,the PM/PP separator exhibits very similar electrochemical performance to that of a conventional separator at ambient temperature.However,it performs a rapid thermal shutdown at an elevated temperature of^110℃,thus controlling the temperature rise and maintaining the cell in a safe status.Due to its synthetic simplicity and low cost,this separator shows promise for possible application in building safe LIBs.

Reliability Analysis on Repairable System with Dual Input Closed-Loop Feedback Link Considering Shutdown Correlation Based on Goal Oriented Methodology

Goal oriented( GO) methodology is a kind of success oriented system reliability analysis method and has been used widely.The repairable system with dual input closed-loop feedback link( DICLFL) considering shutdown correlation didn't make reliability analysis accurately based on existing GO methodology. So, a reliability analysis method used to deal with DICLFL considering shutdown correlation is provided based on GO methodology.Firstly, a new operator, which is used to describe DICLFL considering shutdown correlation,whose number is 1,is created and named as Type 9C operator. And then,the formulas of type 9C operator are derived based on Markov process theory. Finally,the new method presented in this paper is adopted to conduct the reliability analysis of an electro-hydraulic servo speed control system. The analysis result is compared with those of Monte Carlo simulation and fault tree analysis( FTA). The comparison results show that this new reliability analysis method based on GO methodology is feasible and meaningful for reliability analysis of repairable systems with DICLFL considering shutdown correlation.Meantime,it will be useful for more other applications.

Neutronic design investigation of a liquid injection-based second shutdown system for a typical research reactor using MCNPX

Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engineered safety feature and a part of the reactor protection system(RPS) is a means for rapidly shutting down a nuclear reactor, keeping it in a subcritical state and serving as a backup to the first shutdown system(FSS). In this research, one SSS with two types of optimum chamber designs is proposed that take into account the main current characteristic features of the Tehran research reactor with improvements over earlier designs. They are based on a liquid neutron absorber injection that is preferably different, diverse, and independent from the FSS based on the rod drop mechanism. The major design characteristics of this SSS with two different chambers were investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The performed calculations showed that the designed SSS is a reliable shutdown system, assuring an appropriate shutdown margin and injection time, with no significant effects on the effective delayed neutron fraction while causing minimal variations to the core structure. Further, the reasonable financial cost and the prolongation of the operation cycle are additional advantages of this design.

Dynamic Responses of A Semi-Type Offshore Floating Wind Turbine During Normal State and Emergency Shutdown

This paper addresses joint wind-wave induced dynamic responses of a semi-type offshore floating wind turbine（OFWT） under normal states and fault event conditions. The analysis in this paper is conducted in time domain, using an aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation code-FAST. Owing to the unique viscous features of the reference system, the original viscous damping model implemented in FAST is replaced with a quadratic one to gain an accurate capture of viscous effects. Simulation cases involve free-decay motion in still water, steady motions in the presence of regular waves and wind as well as dynamic response in operational sea states with and without wind. Simulations also include the cases for transient responses induced by fast blade pitching after emergency shutdown. The features of platform motions, local structural loads and a typical mooring line tension force under a variety of excitations are obtained and investigated.

Activation and shutdown dose-rate analyses for the EAST NBI test facility

An analysis of the neutron activation and shutdown dose rates was performed for the EAST high-power deuterium neutral beam injector test facility(EAST NBITF) by using the multiparticle transport code FLUKA2011.2. Also, the neutron and neutron-induced gamma spectra of the facility's vacuum vessel were evaluated. The results identified the major radionuclides^(99) Mo,^(65)Ni,^(58) Co,^(56)Mn, and^(51) Cr for the vacuum vessel and the primary nuclide^(64) Cu for both the ion dump and the calorimeter.The simulated results indicated that, when the EAST NBITF operates within the design parameters of deuterium energy 80 ke V, current 50 A, and pulse 100 s, the neutron intensity will achieve 10^(11)n/s with no radiation safety problems after the EAST NBITF shuts down.

Implementation and application of PyNE sub-voxel R2S for shutdown dose rate analysis

PyNE R2S is a mesh-based R2S implementation with the capability of performing shutdown dose rate(SDR)analysis directly on CAD geometry with Cartesian or tetrahedral meshes.It supports advanced variance reduction for fusion energy systems.However,the assumption of homogenized materials of PyNE R2S with a Cartesian mesh throughout a mesh voxel introduces an approximation in the case where a voxel covers multiple non-void cells.This work implements a sub-voxel method to add fldelity to PyNE R2S with a Cartesian mesh during the process of activation and photon source sampling by performing independent inventory calculations for each cell within a mesh voxel and using the results of those independent calculations to sample the photon source more precisely.PyNE sub-voxel R2S has been verifled with the Frascati Neutron Generator(FNG)-ITER and ITER computational shutdown dose rate benchmark problems.The results for sub-voxel R2S show satisfactory agreement with the experimental values or reference results.PyNE sub-voxel R2S has been applied to the shutdown dose rate calculation of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor(CFETR).In conclusion,sub-voxel R2S is a reliable tool for SDR calculation and obtains more accurate results with the same voxel size than voxel R2S.

雷神二次雷达shutdown故障的诊断与分析

本文阐述了非核心部件"shutdown保护性关机"造成雷达系统单通道关闭,以及对此故障进行诊断分析。

Hybrid Dynamic Modeling and Control of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack Shutdown

A hybrid automaton modeling approach that incorporates state space partitioning, phase dynamic modeling and control law synthesis by control strategy is utilized to develop a hybrid automaton model of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack shutdown. The shutdown operation is divided into several phases and their boundaries are decided according to a control strategy, which is a set of specifications about the dynamics of MCFC stack during shutdown. According to the control strategy, the specification of increasing stack temperature is satisfied in a phase that can be modeled accurately. The model for phase that has complex dynamic is approximated. The duration of this kind of phase is decreased to minimize the error caused by model approximation.

Study on Major Issues Conceming the Implementation of the Online Game Shutdown System --With an Emphasis on Examples of Korea

This study is conducted on the special provision of the Korean government to prevent youths＇ addiction to online games. Judging that the youths＇ addiction to online games is serious, the Korea government made a legal provision to control the phenomena of youths＇ online game addiction. At that time, there were lots of conflicting opinions in the course of implementation of the related governmental act. The purpose of this study is investigating what conflicting opinions there were in the course of the legislation and also the fundamental cause of the opinion confliction and the countermeasures thereby. Especially, it is noteworthy that two departments of the government had different legal approaches toward the issue. Thus, this study will present an affordable suggestion for other countries which have youths＇ online game addiction problems.

Regulation or Property Rights： The Effect of China＇s Coal Mine Shutdown Policy on Work Safety

Since 1999, shutdown policy has been one of the most important industrial policies in China ＇S coal mining industry. There have been many controversies surrounding this policy and its effect on coal mine safety. This paper summarizes, analyzes and tests two contradicting views of the effects of shutdown policy on the mortality rate of township-and-village-owned coal mines. One view, or the regulative view, believes that shutdown policy induces firms to increase safety input, thus decreasing mortality. The opposing view, or the property rights view, argues that shutdown policy disturbs property rights stability and actually increases mortality. We built a simple theoretical model to analyze these contrasting rationales. The model uses the difference-in-difference method and provincial panel data from 1995 to 2005 to empirically test the policy＇s effects. Our findings are that shutdown policy significantly decreases output while also increasing mortality in township-and-village coal mines. This result is consistent with the property rights view.

施耐德电气全新升级PowerChute^(TM) Network Shutdown软件以支持虚拟集群环境

全球能效管理专家施斛德电气宣布推出Power Chute^TM Network Shutdown软件V3．1版。该软件是一款基于网络的服务器关机解决方案外级版，具备更强的虚拟化支持功能。

应急供水多级泵意外停机水力过渡过程瞬态特性

应急供水多级泵的意外停机会引起系统性能参数的剧烈变化,严重威胁供水安全。为了探究多级泵停机水力过渡过程内部流场的瞬态效应,该研究建立了基于叶轮转动平衡方程的泵停机过程转速预测方法,数值模拟分析了意外停机过程中多级泵内部流动特性。研究结果表明:在意外停机过程中,多级泵分别经历水泵工况、制动工况、反转工况以及飞逸工况4个阶段,转速呈现先减小至0后沿负方向增大的趋势,最后稳定在飞逸转速-4210 r/min附近;流量呈现先减小至0后沿负方向增大的趋势,然后再沿正方向增大,最终稳定在飞逸流量-14.32 kg/s附近;扭矩呈现先减小再增加,最后减小并稳定在零点附近。泵内流量和转速的大小、方向不断变化引起叶轮流道内流体的流动分离和回流,伴随着涡的形成、发展和破碎等时空演变;熵产值的变化与多级泵内不稳定流动密切相关,由湍流耗散所带来的损失起主导作用,在达到飞逸工况后湍流耗散熵产占比约65.2%,能量损失主要发生在叶轮流道内,且制动工况中内流场的损失较大;多级泵首级流道内监测点压力变化最为剧烈,各级监测点的压力脉动系数波动幅值随着级数的增加呈减小趋势;压力脉动振幅主导频率与多级泵转速呈现正相关关系,主导分量对应于叶轮流道的叶片通过频率,且沿着流体流动方向压力脉动频率振幅逐渐增大,压力脉动的频率特性可以反应出意外停机过程中流量的不稳定变化。研究成果可为应急供水系统安全稳定运行提供理论指导。

shutdown关机命令详解

相信shutdown-a命令很多人都用过，但详细的关机指令相信没多少人会，下面笔者给大家说一下shutdown的一些关机指令。

基于数据驱动的盾构竖向姿态预测深度学习模型

在盾构掘进过程中,竖向姿态控制难度较大,盾体常与设计轴线产生偏差。为解决既有盾构姿态预测模型无法准确提取数据特征和有效去除数据噪声的问题,充分挖掘盾构掘进实测数据时间序列信息,依托合肥地铁7号线耕耘路站—清潭路站区间盾构隧道工程,对收集的掘进数据进行预处理,包括去除停机状态数据及异常数据,提出用于盾构竖向姿态预测的CNN-LSTM组合模型,并将测试集上的模型预测结果与传统回归模型进行对比,最后对不同样本数量及固定网络参数时的模型性能进行研究。研究结果表明:CNN-LSTM组合模型对盾构竖向姿态的预测效果较好,在测试集上的预测平均绝对误差E_(MA)和均方根误差E_(RMS)较低,同时预测的决定系数R^(2)较高,表明模型具有较小的预测误差和较高的预测精度;与ARIMA、LSTM和SVR模型相比,CNN-LSTM模型在测试集上预测的R^(2)分别提高了1.04%、19.75%和79.63%,此外,模型的预测E_(MA)和E_(RMS)较低,并且训练耗时显著降低;不同训练集样本数量对CNN-LSTM模型性能有一定影响,当训练集样本数量与测试集样本数量之比为4:1时,模型预测的R^(2)最高,表明此时模型具有最佳的预测性能;增加训练集样本数量可能导致过拟合问题,降低模型的泛化能力,减少训练集样本数量则可能导致欠拟合问题,使模型在测试集上的预测精度下降;固定部分网络参数可以有效减少训练参数量和训练时间,同时提高模型的预测精度,当固定4层网络参数时,模型预测性能最佳,预测的R^(2)为0.93,预测的E_(MA)和E_(RMS)分别为0.029和0.048,训练耗时为46 s。

应对极端冰灾的电力系统多阶段韧性提升策略

为提升冰灾下电力系统的韧性,降低系统负荷削减量,提高系统恢复速率,提出一种应对极端冰灾的电力系统多阶段韧性提升策略。对冰灾场景以及受冰灾影响的线路故障率进行建模;从线路抗冰能力、系统负荷损失、系统恢复情况、线路受损情况、维修资源充裕度多个角度构建电力系统综合韧性评估指标,以定位冰灾下系统的薄弱环节;在此基础上,通过灾前线路故障风险预测、灾中机组出力调整以及除冰线路筛选和主动停运除冰、灾后维修顺序规划等策略提升冰灾下的系统韧性。基于IEEE 39和IEEE 118节点系统进行仿真分析,结果验证了所提韧性评估方法和提升策略的有效性。

基于UEFI固件的Windows Abnormal Shutdown问题分析

简要介绍了UEFI固件的组成及Windows操作系统的历史,详细介绍了导致Windows Abnormal Shutdown问题的原因及基于UEFI固件的分析造成这个原因的方法,并给出了部分程序代码。