THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION STRUCTURE OF VERTICAL DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE

A new type of vibration structure (i.e. supporting system, called swing frame cus- tomarily) of vertical dynamic balancing machine has been designed, which is based on an analysis for the swing frame of a traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machine. The static unbalance and couple unbalance can be e?ectively separated by using the new dynamic balancing machine with the new swing frame. By building the dynamics model, the advantages of the new structure are discussed in detail. The modal and harmonic response are analyzed by using the ANSYS7.0. By comparing the ?nite element modal analysis with the experimental modal analy- sis, the natural frequencies and vibration modes are found. There are many spring boards in the new swing frame. Their sti?nesses are di?erent and assorted with each other. Furthermore, there are three sensors on the measuring points. Therefore, the new dynamic balancing machine can measure static unbalance and coupling unbalance directly, and the interaction between them is faint. The result shows that the new vertical dynamic balancing machine is suitable for inertial measurement of ?ying objects, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machines, which the e?ect of plane-separation is inferior. The vertical dynamic balancing machine with the new vibration structure can ?nd wide application in the future. The modelling and analysis of the new vibration structure will provide theoretical basis and practical experience for designing new-type vertical dynamic balancing machines.

Comparison between static and dynamic warm-up exercise regimes on lower limb muscle power

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare static and dynamic warm-up regimes on lower limb muscle power and thereby the perform-ance of the individual. Methodology: Twenty eight (28) subjects were assigned into groups consisting of 2 members. From each group, 1 subject performed the static stretching and the other subject performed dynamic stretching as warm-up. This was followed by non-counter movement jumps on a force platform and the vertical jump heights were recorded. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test at 0.05 alpha. Result: The results showed that dynamic stretching as warm-up causes significant increase (p=0.01) in the vertical jump height as compared to static stretching (p=0.03). Discussion: The increase in vertical jump height could be related to the increase in force pro-duction which plays an important role during the vertical jump test. On the other hand the decrease in vertical jump height following static stretching could be attributed to a decrease in the force production in the muscles. Conclusion: Dynamic warm-up increases the vertical lump height, whereas static stretching decreases the jump height of the athlete.

Perception of Static and Dynamic Forces with a Bio-inspired Tactile Fingertip

With the aid of different types of mechanoreceptors,human is capable of perceiving stimuli from surrounding environments and manipulating various objects dexterously.In this paper,a bio-inspired tactile fingertip is designed mimicking human fingertip in both structures and functionalities.Two pairs of strain gages and(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)PVDF films are perpendicularly arranged to simulate the Fast-Adapting(FA)and Slowly Adapting(SA)type mechanoreceptors in human hands,while silicones,Polymethyl Methacrylate(PMMA),and electronic wires are applied to mimic the skin,bone and nerve fibers.Both static and dynamic forces can be perceived sensitively.A preprocessing electric circuit is further designed to transform the resistor changes into voltages,and then filter and amplify the four-channel signals.In addition to strong robustness due to the embedded structure,the developed fingertip is found sensitive to deformations via a force test experiment.Finally,two robotic experiments explore its recognition ability of contact status and object surface.Excellent performance is found with high accuracy of 99.72%achieved in discriminating six surfaces that are ubiquitous in daily life,which demonstrates the effectiveness of our designed tactile sensor.

NEW TYPE OF VIBRATION STRUCTURE OF VERTICAL DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE

A new type of vibration structure of vertical dynamic balancing machine isdesigned, which is based on the analysis for swing frame of a traditional vertical dynamic balancingmachine. The static unbalance and couple unbalance can be separated effectively by using the newmachine with the new swing frame. By building the dynamics model, the advantages of the newstructure are discussed in detail. The modal and harmonic response are analyzed by using theANSYS7.0. By comparing the finite element modal analysis with the experimental modal analysis, thenatural frequencies and vibration modes are found out. There are many spring boards in the new swingframe. Their stiffness is different and assort with each other. Furthermore, there are threesensors on the measurement points. Therefore, the new dynamic balancing machine can measure thestatic unbalance and couple unbalance directly, and the influence between them is faint. The newstructure has the function of belt-strain compensation to improve the measurement precision. Thepractical result indicates that the new vertical dynamic balancing machine is suitable for inertialmeasurement of flying objects, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional double-planevertical dynamic balancing machines. The vertical dynamic balancing machine with the new vibrationstructure can be widely used in the future applications. The modeling and analysis of the newvibration structure provide theoretic instruction and practical experience for designing new type ofvertical dynamic balancing machines. Based on the design principles such as stiffness-matching,frequency-adjacence and strain-compensation and so on, various new type of vibration structures canbe designed.

Effectof Film Force Nonlinearity on Unbalance Responseof a Jeffcot RotorJournal Bearing System

The effect of oil film force nonlinearity on unbalance response of Jeffcot rotor elliptical bearing system is studied. Linear analysis is done by linearizing the bearing oil film dynamic forces and expressing them with stiffness and damping constants. Nonlinear dynamic simulation is done by taking the nonlinearity of bearing oil film dynamic force into full consideration, with the latter being expressed by a special database which is generated beforehand, and based on non stationary Reynolds equation and Reynolds boundary condition of film rupture. The linear and nonlinear unbalance responses of a Jeffcot rotor supported on a pair of elliptical bearings is studied. The resulting dynamic characteristics and rotor and journal whirling orbits are compared. While good consistancy between nonlinear and linear predictions is found under very small unbalance, significant or even drastic differences are found whenever the unbalance is not small, indicating the necessity of including the nonlinearity of oil film dynamic forces, especially when response to large unbalance is to be predicted.

间隔织物双剑杆织机平行打纬机构箱体的振动分析

针对双剑杆织机共轭凸轮与四连杆组合的平行打纬机构箱体随着织机转速的提高产生强烈振动,影响打纬精度和可靠性的问题,采用理论分析与虚拟仿真结合的方法对打纬机构及箱体进行动应力和振动特性研究。建立了平行打纬机构的动态静力分析方程,运用ADAMS软件对机构进行多体动力学仿真,求解箱体所受的支反力;构建箱体—弹簧阻尼—柔性基础的系统模型,分析箱体在竖直方向的受迫振动,并在仿真过程中探索减小箱体振动的方法。研究结果表明:摆臂轴孔处箱体所受支反力峰值最大,打纬推程阶段箱体的受力最为集中;当凸轮轴转速为260 r/min时齿轮啮合频率与箱体一阶固有频率相等,会产生共振,应避免使用这一转速工作;箱体在竖直方向上产生周期性振动,增加螺栓个数和附加动力减震器有助于改善箱体的振动特性,振幅分别减少38%和23%。

基于L型铁钴的三维力触觉传感器设计及输出特性

该文提出了一种基于L型铁钴丝的三维力触觉传感器,利用磁致伸缩材料铁钴合金设计制作了三维力触觉传感单元,并测试了该结构的输出特性。基于电磁原理、逆磁致伸缩效应和欧拉伯努利动力学原理,推导了输出电压方程。搭建触觉传感单元实验平台,对传感器进行法向和切向标定,设计的传感器法向测力范围为0~13 N,切向测力范围为0~6 N,输出特性具有良好的线性关系。其中,0~8 N法向力范围内灵敏度约为23.997 mV/N,9~13 N法向力范围内灵敏度约为17.537 mV/N;0~4 N切向力范围内灵敏度约为11.599 mV/N,5~6 N切向力范围内灵敏度约为6.281mV/N。在4Hz频率、2N法向力条件下,该传感器动态响应的输出电压幅值变化范围为46.5~49.8mV,与静态力输出电压幅值的相对误差低于5%,响应时间和恢复时间分别为25 ms和29ms,表明该传感器具有良好的动态特性。分别采用广义逆矩阵和BP神经网络对传感器测得的三维力进行解耦,其中,BP神经网络解耦方法平均误差仅有2.90%,可有效提高测量精度。该传感器体积小、输出线性度好,可同时实现静态力和动态力的测量,在智能机器人等领域具有良好的应用前景。

滚筒反力式制动检验台动态制动力检定装置研究

针对国家计量技术规范对制动检验台动态制动力的检定要求,研制了一种基于标准车轮的动态制动力检定装置,在不改变车辆自身结构情况下,通过专门的机械设计,在标准车轮上安装测力传感器,并采用WiFi无线数据传输。试验表明:该检定装置可实现对滚筒动态制动力的准确测量,避免线缆在车轮旋转时可能发生缠绕等问题,具有操作方便,数据稳定性较好、重复性较高等优点,是解决动态制动力检定的理想方案。

基于数值模拟的秸秆粉碎还田机粉碎机构动平衡研究

刀辊和机架间动不平衡力过大会增加粉碎机构异常振动,降低机构工作性能。为实现还田机粉碎机构运动平衡,建立机构动力学关系式,分析切刀受力状态与刀辊运动平衡关系;利用工程软件进行影响因素分析,将仿真图像导入数据处理软件进行量化处理。结果表明:切刀切割秸秆位置、切刀材料和转速影响切刀运动平衡。切刀组相位角,转速和切刀组与刀辊两端的距离均影响刀辊运动平衡,此类型还田机切刀组相位角为90°时刀辊动平衡最好。计算得出相邻两切刀组距离为133.61 mm时刀辊对称性最好。建立切刀数学模型验证刀辊转速合理性,进而提出机器改进措施:增大切刀组相位角、调整切刀与刀辊两端距离可增强刀辊动平衡性能。

液压支架大流量换向阀稳态液动力计算与补偿方法

针对液压支架换向阀元件复杂结构形成不规则流道,传统一次动量定理不能精确求得阀芯所受液动力,以及因液动力过大或不稳定使换向阀动静态特性降低的问题,以支架换向阀主阀为研究对象,在分析其结构组成与工作原理基础上,提出一种全流域控制体积划分方式。运用多次动量定理,分别分析了每个控制体积内动量变化量,考虑阀芯上下游元件结构参数对阀芯液动力数值的影响,较为精确的推导出阀芯所受稳态液动力公式,并进行理论计算。通过分析公式,得出对阀内元件结构参数进行优化的方法来补偿稳态液动力并用CFD方法模拟了稳态液动力随阀芯开度变化规律。结果表明:结构参数优化后阀芯所受液动力峰值与变化幅度均较原结构低,将阀套内径结构优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了56.25%与48.12%;将回液阀芯顶杆直径优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了28.79%与32.71%;将回液阀芯端面倾角优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了31.87%与37.16%,有效缓解了支架换向阀阀芯所受稳态液动力使阀动静态性能降低的问题。

转子偏心对永磁同步电动机电磁力特性的影响

目的永磁同步电动机在变频供电下运行时,转子偏心将加剧电动机的电磁振动,并加大电动机电磁力特性的分析难度。为了研究永磁同步电动机转子偏心时的电磁力特性,方法提出一种快速电磁力特性解析分析方法,在建立电动机永磁体磁动势、定子绕组基波及谐波磁动势、气隙磁导函数的解析模型的基础上,构建电动机无偏心、静态偏心、动态偏心时径向电磁力的解析分析模型,并研究电动机电磁力的阶数成分、频率成分特征。结果经分析发现,与电动机不偏心时电磁力的阶数r和频率成分fk相比,电动机静态偏心、动态偏心时均会增加阶数为r±1和r±2的电磁力;电动机静态偏心时,新出现的电磁力的频率成分为f_(k);电动机动态偏心时,新出现的电磁力的频率成分为f_(k)±f_(1)/p,f_(k)±2f_(1)/p。搭建电动机本体和矢量控制电路结合的联合仿真模型,该模型能够反映电动机不同运行状态下绕组电感、永磁体磁链等参数的变化,利用该模型分别仿真分析电动机无偏心、静态偏心和动态偏心带载运行时径向电磁力的阶数成分、频率成分。仿真分析结果与解析分析结果相符,验证了本文解析分析方法的正确性。结论研究结果可为电磁振动的削弱、电动机故障的预测与诊断提供理论依据。

本安型电磁阀动静态特性分析及影响参数优化研究

针对在驱动功率和电磁阀体积约束下存在的电磁铁驱动力不足、电磁阀响应速度慢的问题,分析了电磁阀的动静态特性,通过仿真分析和样机试验验证了提高本安型电磁铁电磁力可明显改善电磁阀的响应特性,确定了通过优化电磁力改善电磁阀响应特性的方案。提出了本安型电磁铁特性评价指标:有效行程指标、平均电磁力指标和静态综合性能指标,解决了因电磁铁行程不同而造成的电磁铁性能评价困难的问题。利用Maxwell电磁仿真软件分析了导向筒深度变化量δ_(a)、衔铁半径变化量δ_(b)、非工作气隙变化量δ_(c1)、非工作气隙变化量δ_(c2)、盆口高度变化量δd对电磁铁静态特性的影响,得到不同参数对静态特性的敏感度,为参数优化中尺寸控制范围的选择提供参考依据。通过正交试验结果构建了铁芯结构参数对电磁铁综合特性评价指标的二阶响应面模型,利用遗传算法对铁芯参数进行优化。样机试验结果表明:优化后电磁铁水平段电磁力提升了50%,有效行程提高了26%,本安型电磁阀的开启响应时间缩短了52.5%。

“3n+1”式网球塔结构稳定性分析

通过堆叠每层3个网球和顶层1个网球构成的“3n+1”式网球塔,研究了影响其稳定性的因素.在理想情况下,从静力学和动力学角度出发,探讨了影响其稳定性的相关参数,发现底部网球所受的压力与其高度呈正相关,网球间的静摩擦系数随着压力的增加而减小,结合实验一结果,得出能量亏损与层数呈反函数关系,说明网球塔无搭建层数的上限.在考虑干扰因素的情况下,实验二的图像显示搭建2~8层网球塔的成功率呈指数函数下降,结合对网球间接触模型和力链结构的分析,得到了底部网球的接触力随着力链长度的增加呈指数型增加并确定了网球塔的极限高度为10层.

动力总成悬置刚度动静比参数研究

基于能量解耦法理论分析了悬置刚度动静比变化对悬置系统固有频率及解耦率的影响,运用MATLAB和动力学软件进行验证,并与动力总成刚体模态试验结果进行了对比。同时,分析了不同悬置刚度动静比对悬置响应力幅值的影响。结果表明,当悬置刚度动静比变化μ倍时,悬置系统的固有频率变化倍,解耦率保持不变,悬置点响应力幅值变化μ倍,为悬置系统设计开发提供了简洁的避频控制优化思路。

A new framework for evaluating along-wind responses of a transmission tower

In this paper, an analytical framework to evaluate the along-wind-induced dynamic responses of a transmission tower is presented. Two analytical models and a new method are developed： （1） a higher mode generalized force spectrum （GFS） model of the transmission tower is deduced; （2） an analytical model that includes the contributions of the higher modes is further derived as a rational algebraic formula to estimate the structural displacement response; and （3） a new approach, applying load with displacement （ALD） instead of force, to solve the internal force of transmission tower is given. Unlike conventional methods, the ALD method can avoid calculating equivalent static wind loads （ESWLs）. Finally, a transmission tower structure is used as a numerical example to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the ALD method.

Effect of different stretching strategies on the kinetics of vertical jumping in female volleyball athletes

Purpose： The present study aimed to examine the effect of static stretching （SS） and a sport-specific dynamic stretching （DS） session at two specific post-stretch time intervals in highly trained female athletes （age 19.90 ± 1.60 years; height 1.80 ±0.06 m; mass 76.87 ± 9.95 kg） on kinetic parameters of peak force, time-to-takeoff, and rate of force development. Methods： The data were collected over 3 days （randomized within subject design with control session）. Following each stretch session （SS vs. DS vs. control） of equal duration （7 min total： 30 s per targeted muscle group） participants performed countermovement jumping on a force platform at 1 and 15 rain after stretching. Results： The DS session significantly improved upon kinetic variables of rate of force development, peak force, and time-to-takeoffrelative to SS at 1 min after stretching. No significant effect was found at 15 min. Conclusion： Together these findings suggest that when training and competing to jump quickly and maximally the female athlete should incorporate DS instead of SS as part of their pre-competition warm-up, but conduct performance within 15 min of their warm-up to elicit maximal gains

Development of an Adjustable Bed for a Micro-Turbine Electric Power Generator Plant

An adjustable bed is a supporting structure designed to provide a seating base or platform, for a 5.0 KW micro steam turbine generator plant prior to its mounting on a block-type concrete foundation. The design of the bed frame and flanges was carried out by considering the predetermined weights of the turbine and generator (alternator) [1]. On this basis, steel materials of U-channels and angle irons were used in the fabrication of the generator bed. The bed was designed to be adjustable by accommodating direct coupling of the turbine with the generator, and the belt drive. Fabrication was carried out by welding, machining, and assembly. During assembly, the bed was made to accommodate damping materials in order to reduce the vibration of the plant [2]. The performance of the unit with or without vibration isolator when they are axially connected with flexible flange coupling or transversely connected with sets of belt and pulley, in succession respectively. The results showed that a reduction in the force transmitted to the supporting structure occurred when the vibration produced by the unit is isolated from its base by the use of a vibration isolator, maximum reduction of 99.95% achieved when axially coupled and 99.91% when transversely connected with belt and pulley system [3].

一种负刚度可调的高静低动刚度隔振系统特性分析及实验研究

针对现有高静低动刚度隔振器的设计参数均已固定,磁负刚度机构无法在线调整的问题,本文设计一种新型负刚度可调的电磁隔振器。利用永磁体与螺旋线圈设计电磁负刚度元件,并对其进行有限元仿真分析。通过静力分析,推导负刚度可调高静低动刚度隔振器力-位移-电流和刚度-位移-电流的数学表达式,得到系统在平衡位置获得准零刚度特性的条件。建立高静低动刚度隔振系统动态模型,利用平均法研究不同参数对系统幅频特性及力传递率的影响。研制原理样机,搭建试验台架并进行隔振性能测试试验,试验结果表明本文研究的高静低动刚度隔振器具有更宽的有效隔振频域和更低的传递率峰值。

Numerical Experiment for Dipole-Dipole Interaction in Electro-Magnetism with Help of a Regular Tetrahedron

Aim of this work is to try to explain, on a Rational basis, some equations of Electro-Magnetism, which are based on Experimental data. Any Electric Field can produce a Field of many small Electric Dipoles, continuously distributed in space. In a region, where the Electric Field is constant, in direction and magnitude, all the small Dipoles are parallel to the Electric Field, and are represented by a single, long, parallel to them, fixed in space, Electric Dipole, which is here called Compass. An Alternating current, in a straight Conductor, is studied, by a simple, short computer program, for step-by-step nonlinear dynamic analysis. It is found that, only an Alternating current, not a direct current, can produce an Electric Dipole, in a straight Conductor. The two above Dipoles (Compass-Conductor) are assumed with equal lengths ℓ, lying on two skew lines, perpendicular to each other, at a distance ℓ√2, thus forming, by their four ends, a Regular Tetrahedron, with side length ℓ. Repulsion, between Like Charges, obeys the simple Coulomb Electro-Static law. Whereas Interaction (Attraction or Repulsion), between Unlike Charges, obeys a more accurate Lennard-Jones law. The analysis of Dipole-Dipole (Compass-Conductor) Interaction is performed by hand calculator. The only out-of-balance forces, in the regular Tetrahedron, acting on the Rigid Conductor, are the so-called magnetic forces. Their direction is found, in a simple Rational way, with help of Regular Tetrahedron, without recoursing to a “right-hand-rule”. The proposed model is applied to 1) The force acting on an Electric Charge moving in a magnetic field. 2) The force acting on a Current carrying straight Conductor, due to a magnetic field. 3) The magnetic fields created around a Current carrying straight Conductor. In these applications, proposed model gives reasonable results. Particularly, in third application, results, obtained by proposed model, are found in satisfactory approximation with corresponding ones, obtained by an empirical formula, based on relevant Experimental observations of H.-C. Oersted and A.-M. Ampère. So, the reliability of proposed model is checked. Position and direction of magnetic field vector coincide with those of a corresponding fixed Compass of a constant Electric Field. Main point of present work is that, without introducing the concept of a magnetic field vector, by combining field of dipoles, produced by an electric field, with dipole of an alternating current carrying conductor, the magnetic forces can be determined.

铣削加工测力刀柄参数优化设计研究

为适应高精密加工对切削力的监测需求,文中面向铣削加工设计了一种无线测力刀柄,使用压电薄膜和弹性检测梁采集力信号。为提高检测信号的灵敏度,基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件使用Nelder-Mead算法对刀柄的结构参数进行优化设计,并通过有限元仿真对优化结构进行刀柄结构刚度校核和动态特性分析,最后进行铣削对比实验,验证设计方案的可行性。结果表明,文中设计和优化的测力刀柄具有良好的灵敏度,刀柄的动静态特性满足使用需求,是一种有效的切削力监测方案。