Electromagnetic Performance Prediction for the Symmetrical Dual Three-phase Surface-mounted PMSM under Open-phase Faults Based on Accurate Subdomain Model

The paper presents an accurate analytical subdomain model for predicting the electromagnetic performance in the symmetrical dual three-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM)under open-phase faulty conditions.The model derivations are extended from previous accurate subdomain models accounting for slotting effects.Compared with most conventional subdomain models for traditional three-phase machines with nonoverlapping winding arrangement,the subdomain model proposed in this paper applied for the 24-slot/4-pole dual three-phase machine with symmetrical overlapping winding arrangement.In order to investigate the postfault electromagnetic performance,the reconfigured phase currents and then current density distribution in stator slots under different open-circuit conditions are discussed.According to the developed model and postfault current density distribution,the steady-state electromagnetic performance,such as the electromagnetic torque and unbalanced magnetic force,under open-circuit faulty conditions are obtained.For validation purposes,finite element analysis(FEA)is employed to validate the analytical results.The result indicate that the postfault electromagnet performance can be accurately predicted by the proposed subdomain model,which is in good agreement with FEA results.

Phenomena at three-phase electroslag remelting

The electroslag remelting(ESR)process is widely used to produce high-quality ingots and billets for high-alloyed steels and alloys.Both the single-phase and three-phase alternating current diagram with bifilar and monofilar connection are in use for heavy ingot manufacturing.The numerical simulation of the three-phase bifilar circuit for the 120 t three-phase bifilar six-electrode ESR furnace at different variants of electric connection was presented and discussed.At the bifilar diagram of power supply,the geometrical location of electrodes in a mould holds critical importance for performances:the close location of bifilar pair electrodes provides the highest heat productivity,but the equidistant location of electrodes gives a much more uniform heat distribution.The monofilar mulit-electrode diagram of three-phase connection without phase shift shows the most uniform distribution of potential and heat generation as well as a favorable magnetic field that makes this kind the most promising for providing a high quality of heavy ingots.

The Control Technology Research of the Z-source Three-phase Four-bridge Arm Inverter

Z-source inverter can boost the voltage of the DC-side, allow the two switches of the same bridge arm conducting at the same time and it has some other advantages. The zero-sequence current flows through the fourth leg of the three-phase four-leg inverter so the three-phase four-leg inverter can work with unbalanced load. This paper presents a Z-source three-phase four-leg inverter which combines a Z-source network with three-phase four-leg inverter. The circuit uses simple SPWM modulation technique and the fourth bridge arm uses fully compensated control method. The inverter can maintain a symmetrical output voltage when the proposed scheme under the unbalanced load.

Research on a New Control Strategy of Three Phase Inverter for Unbalanced Loads

One of the very important functions of three-phase inverter is to maintain the symmetric three-phase output voltage when the three-phase loads are unbalanced. Although the traditional symmetrical component decomposing and superimpose theory can keep the voltage balance through compensating the positive-, negative- and zero-sequence components of the output voltage of inverter, however, this method is time-consuming and not suitable for control. Aiming at high power medium frequency inverter source, a P+Resonant (Proportion and Resonant) controller which ensured a balanced three phase output voltage under unbalanced load is proposed in this paper. The regulator was proved to be applicable to both three-phase three-wire system and three-phase four-wire system and developed two methods of realization. The simulation results verified that this method can suppressed effectively the output voltage distorted caused by the unbalanced load and attained a high quality voltage waveforms.

Modeling method of sequence admittance for three-phase voltage source converter under unbalanced grid condition

The admittance is a strong tool for stability analysis and assessment of the three-phase voltage source converters(VSCs) especially in grid-connected mode.However, the sequence admittance is hard to calculate when the VSC is operating under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. In this paper, a simple and direct modeling method is proposed for a three-phase VSC taking the unbalanced grid voltage as a new variable for the system.Then coupling in the three-phase system can be calculated by applying the harmonic linearization method. The calculated admittance of three-phase VSCs is verified by detailed circuit simulations.

含逆变型分布式电源的不平衡配电网快速短路电流计算

为实现含逆变型分布式电源的不平衡配电网快速短路电流计算,首先建立计及故障穿越控制的逆变型分布式电源序等效受控电流源模型,通过引入虚拟线路和虚拟节点并结合广义Fortescue变换建立不平衡配电网的系统序导纳矩阵。在此基础上构建含逆变型分布式电源不平衡配电网的序节点电压方程,提出基于序分量的短路电流迭代计算方法。通过引入预条件处理的广义极小残余法可避免求解系统序阻抗矩阵,能够有效提升短路电流迭代计算的计算速度。最后,通过对含逆变型分布式电源的13节点、123节点和多个大型合成系统仿真结果对比,验证了所提方法的正确性和可行性。

检修接地不平衡传输条件对轨道电路的影响研究

为分析在接触网检修接地时,由单根轨条和回流线短接产生的不平衡条件对25 Hz相敏轨道电路的影响,在六端网络的基础上建立轨道电路不平衡传输模型,通过仿真计算和对比,得到在不平衡传输条件下,信号接收端轨面电压的衰减和扼流变压器上不平衡牵引电流,随道床泄漏导纳、单轨条接地位置、吸上与横向连接设置变化的关系,并利用实验数据和现象验证计算结果。结合实际案例中检修接地的不平衡传输条件导致轨道电路“红光带”问题,给出其产生原因,并验证上述理论。给出减少不平衡传输条件对轨道电路造成影响的方法,尽可能避免该类型“红光带”问题的出现。

Effect of unbalanced and common losses in quantum photonic integrated circuits

Loss is inevitable for the optical system due to the absorption of materials, scattering caused by the defects, and surface roughness. In quantum optical circuits, the loss can not only reduce the intensity of the signal, but also affect the performance of quantum operations. In this work, we divide losses into unbalanced linear losses and shared common losses, and provide a detailed analysis on how loss affects the integrated linear optical quantum gates. It is found that the orthogonality of eigenmodes and the unitary phase relation of the coupled waveguide modes are destroyed by the loss. As a result, the fidelity of single-and two-qubit operations decreases significantly as the shared loss becomes comparable to the coupling strength. Our results are important for the investigation of large-scale photonic integrated quantum information processes.

1000kV特高压南阳站3/2主接线不平衡环流分析

特高压变电站1 000 k V系统采用3/2主接线,由于导电主回路电阻不平衡度较大及特高压变电站输送容量大,导致3/2主接线系统存在较大幅值的不平衡环流,极端情况下个别断路器相电流有过零甚至反相现象。结合特高压南阳站,从理论上分析不平衡环流中零序分量及其产生原因;论述了大负荷运行期间零序环流给站内二次系统带来的显著问题和严重后果;提出保护装置采用两断路器合流、单断路器最小相电流制动零序电流元件和两断路器合流制动单断路器零序电流元件的几种解决方案。以期后续交流特高压工程对此有足够的重视,供设计、施工和运行维护借鉴。

三相电路中功率现象的解释及无功功率的分类

该文对三相电路的功率现象进行了详细的物理分析,并指出:三相瞬时有功功率之和不为常数是电源电压为非正弦及不对称所必须付出的代价;提出了在非正弦及不对称电路中,三相电路(包括三相三线制和三相四线制)中不仅存在相间无功流动,而且可能存在电源与负载间的无功流动的观点,并在通用瞬时功率理论的基础上,给出了基于最小能量传输损失的三相相间流动的无功功率、三相电源与三相负载间流动的无功功率定义。文中所定义的相间流动的无功电流、三相电源与三相负载间流动的无功电流以及有功电流之间具有两两正交的关系。如果忽略电源与负载间的无功流动,则通用瞬时功率理论与赤木泰文瞬时无功理论一致。

配电网三相负荷不对称的线损分析

通过分析三相不平衡线路的线损,用全电流经坐标转换的方法研究了角度不对称时的三相不平衡对线损的影响,推导出了线损增加率与相不平衡度的关系公式,并给出了配网中常见几种负荷不对称时的线损分析结果。推导出的线损增加率与相不平衡度的关系公式,大大简化了分析计算工作,可以直接用于配电网三相负荷不对称的线损计算中。算例结果表明,考虑角度不对称时的线损增加率更接近于现实值,对准确地计算配网中的线损更有指导意义。

机电复合故障下汽轮发电机转子振动特性分析

针对汽轮发电机机械、电气故障间的交叉影响,采用气隙磁导法建立了发电机气隙磁场模型,分析了多种故障引起的作用于转子的不平衡力以及机电复合故障状态下的转子振动特征。数值仿真表明:转子绕组匝间短路故障与转子基频振动幅值间并不是单一的对应关系。最终得出结论:同时参考振幅和相位信息诊断转子绕组匝间短路故障有助于提高诊断转子绕组匝间短路故障的灵敏性和可靠性。

汽轮发电机励磁绕组短路及伴随故障不平衡电磁力分析

结合汽轮发电机在实际运行中较为常见的励磁绕组匝间短路故障以及伴随的振动问题,在准确搭建汽轮发电机物理模型基础上完成了有限元仿真。分析了励磁绕组匝间短路位置、短路程度对转子所受不平衡电磁力的影响。研究了转子动偏心故障下偏心程度及偏心角度对转子不平衡电磁力的影响。同时考虑两种故障,计算了转子所受不平衡电磁力,得到了双重故障下的汽轮发电机转子受力特征以及变化规律,为研究发电机转子在多源应力作用下的振动规律及故障诊断提供了可行路径。

超/特高压交流同塔多回输电线路覆冰不平衡张力分析

根据超/特高压交流同塔多回输电线路的导地线型号及绝缘子串参数建立线-串有限元模型,分析了不均匀覆冰随耐张段档数的变化规律,不同挂点高差模式对不均匀覆冰不平衡张力的影响,给出了不均匀覆冰不平张力的分析计算方法。对超/特高压交流同塔多回输电线路导地线挂点不均匀覆冰不平衡张力随覆冰率的变化规律进行分析,给出了定量的计算结果。在此基础上,建立塔-线-串耦合的三维有限元模型,考虑铁塔变形对不均匀覆冰不平衡张力的影响,将计算结果与线-串有限元计算结果进行对比分析。根据有限元分析给出超/特高压交流同塔多回直线塔,导、地线不均匀覆冰不平衡张力百分比取值,一般情况下导线取为10%、地线取为20%,如果从经济性考虑,对同塔不同电压等级可以取不同的不平衡张力百分比,1 000 kV导线取7%,500 kV导线取10%,地线取20%。

基于Multisim的三相电路仿真分析

在生产与生活中三相电路的应用最为广泛,针对三相电路运行工况的实验就显得重要而且必然,然而实际的三相电路实验不仅危险性较大,而且一些故障性试验较难进行。电路仿真软件Multisim提供了适用于三相电路仿真的各种元件模型及分析工具,利用该软件对三相电路的3种不对称短路故障进行了仿真分析,与理论分析比较的结果表明仿真软件效果理想。通过虚拟实验分析了负载变化对三相电路的影响,从而得出了照明线路为保持各相电压不变一般采用三相四线制的结论。两组实验表明利用Multisim可以方便快捷地对三相电路进行各种实验分析,优点明显,适合在电工实验中推广。

同步发电机转子匝间短路故障监测方案及其灵敏性分析

基于主保护不平衡电流有效值的同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路监测原理解决了依靠单一谐波检测所带来的一系列问题,能够最大限度地提取故障特征量。通过仿真计算,分析了该监测方法对三峡及彭水发电机的灵敏性,并结合实测录波数据分析了影响灵敏性的因素。在此基础上,提出一种考虑固有不平衡电流影响的监测方案,通过移相叠加消除了稳态不平衡电流中的非故障特征分量,进一步提高了监测灵敏性。最后对监测方案的防误判措施、两段式定值整定原则及浮动门槛式动作特性进行了讨论。基于该方案研制的在线监测装置已应用于浙江新安江水电站。

通用瞬时功率理论在三相不平衡负荷补偿中的应用

该文运用通用瞬时功率理论对三相不平衡负荷的补偿进行了详细的分析。文中从改变三角形补偿网络中的环流,可以改变补偿网络中各相的功率分布而不影响各相补偿电流的大小这一角度出发,得出了只利用无功元件就能够完全补偿三相不平衡负荷的结论,进一步证实了通用瞬时功率理论在三相间进行功率分布的优化分配这一思想的合理性;提出了利用相间存在耦合的电抗器网络对三相不平衡负荷进行补偿的方法。通过改变该补偿网络中各相的自感及三相电抗间的耦合系数,可以改变三相间的瞬时能量分布,从而使三相 不平衡负荷趋于平衡。文中的算例验证了这一方法的合理性。与传统的TSC+TCR的方法相比,该文所提方法具有设备简单的优点。

一种改进的配电变压器短路电抗在线检测方法

针对携带不平衡负荷的Y,yn0接线和D,yn11接线配电变压器,提出了改进的配电变压器短路电抗在线检测方法。该方法通过测量配电变压器在不同负荷情况下高压侧和低压侧的电压、电流,在线计算变压器的短路电抗。该方法不受高/低压侧的电压、激磁电流变化和负荷不平衡度的影响。利用MATLAB/Simulink对所提方法进行仿真,结果显示在三相负荷不平衡的情况下,采用所提方法可精确计算绕组短路电抗。

复合故障下的汽轮发电机转子电磁力研究

针对汽轮发电机转子受力环境复杂以及基频振动状态的多变性,选取转子绕组匝间短路故障和静偏心故障两种典型的转子基频振动故障源作为研究对象,依托有限元仿真工具的强大计算功能研究发电机转子在动偏心和励磁绕组匝间短路双因素作用下的不平衡磁拉力,分析各种故障变量对不平衡磁拉力大小和方向的影响,为全面研究汽轮发电机转子受力及利用转子振动诊断励磁绕组匝间短路故障奠定基础。

超/特高压同塔多回输电线路脱冰跳跃动力响应分析

为了明确超/特高压同塔多回输电线路的覆冰动态特性,采用有限元方法分析了其脱冰跳跃动态响应。考虑几何非线性的影响,采用有限元理论建立了导/地线-绝缘子及铁塔-导/地线-绝缘子体系的脱冰跳跃精细化数值分析模型。以1 000 kV交流双回、500 kV交流双回同塔多回输电线路和±800 kV直流单回、500 kV交流双回同塔多回输电线路为例,考虑塔线耦合效应、脱冰位置、档距和高差等影响因素,完成了不同工况下系统的脱冰跳跃分析。结果表明:当铁塔较高时,塔线耦合作用对导线脱冰跳跃纵向不平衡张力的影响不大,对地线脱冰跳跃纵向不平衡张力的影响较大;边档脱冰产生的纵向不平衡张力明显大于中档脱冰。最后,对导/地线脱冰跳跃纵向不平衡张力百分比取值进行了如下建议:1 000 kV导线及±800 kV导线取10%;500 kV导线取20%;地线取100%。