Clinical characteristics and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutations

Objective： To investigate the clinical features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutations, and the treatment outcomes of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors（TKIs） in these patients.Methods： We retrospectively analyzed the data of 128 NSCLC patients pathologically diagnosed with uncommon EGFR mutation in the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015, including 40 advanced patients who received EGFR-TKI.Results： Among the total 128 patients, 11 patients were non-adenocarcinoma, including squamous carcinoma（3.9%）, adenosquamous carcinoma（2.3%）, large cell carcinoma（0.8%）, and composite neuroendocrine carcinoma（1.6%）. Single mutations accounted for 75.0%（96/128）, including G719X（29.7%）, S768I（18.0%）, 20 exon insertion（13.3%）, L861Q（12.5%）, De novo T790M（0.8%）, and T725（0.8%）. Thirty-two patients harbored complex mutations. Forty advanced patients received EGFR-TKI, the objective response rate（ORR） was 20.0%,the disease control rate（DCR） was 85.0%, and the progression-free survival（PFS） was 6.4 [95% confidence interval（95% CI）, 4.8–7.9] months. The exploratory analysis of tumor response and PFS in 33 patients with G719X/S768I/L861 Q subtypes showed that ORR was 21.2%（7/33）, the DCR was 93.9%（31/33）, and PFS was 7.6（95% CI, 5.8–9.4） months. Patients with exon 20 insertion mutation and De novo T790 M experienced rapid disease progression with PFS no more than 2.7 months.Conclusions： Uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLCs are heterogeneous, EGFR-TKIs can have different efficacy in this specific subtype, and thus further individual assessment is required for each case.

Uncommon EGFR mutations in a cohort of Chinese NSCLC patients and outcomes of first-line EGFR-TKIs and platinum-based chemotherapy

Objective： Data on the clinical activity of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and uncommon EGFR mutations remain insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-line EGFR-TKIs or platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. Methods： We retrospectively enrolled 504 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were collected and compared between patients with common and uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Results： Seventy patients （13.9%） harboring uncommon EGFR mutations were included. Thirty of these patients received EGFR-TKIs and 40 received platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy. The objective response rate （ORR） and median progression-free survival （mPFS） of patients treated with TKIs in the uncommon mutation group was significantly inferior to that in the common mutation group （ORR： 23.3% vs. 51.8%, P=0.003; mPFS： 7.1 vs. 10.9 months, P〈0.001）. In the uncommon group, mPFS was similar between first-line EGFR-TKIs treatment and platinum-based chemotherapy （7.1 vs. 6.1 months, P=0.893）. In patients with EGFR G719X or L861Q mutations, the mPFS was longer in the first-line EGFR-TKIs treatment group than in the chemotherapy group, but the difference was not statistically significant （G719X： 8.2 vs. 5.8 months, P=0.061; L861Q： 7.6 vs. 4.1 months, P=0.872）. Multivariate analyses identified adenocarcinoma （P=0.003） as the independent predictive factor for PFS in patients with uncommon EGFR mutations who were treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs. Conclusions： The current study demonstrated that the effect of first-line EGFR-TKIs was similar to that of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Adenocarcinoma was the independent predictive factor for PFS in uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients treated with first-line EGFR- TKIs.

Brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with uncommon EGFR mutations： a report of seven cases and literature review

Brain metastasis(BM)arising from non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with rare epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations is quite rare.The prognosis and therapeutic effects of BM remain enigmatic.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report to make a separate analysis of BM from NSCLC patients with original uncommon EGFR mutations.We retrospectively reviewed 7 cases of BM arising from 42 cases of uncommon EGFR mutated lung cancer in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital.We also performed a literature review to assess therapeutic features and outcomes.

New horizons for uncommon mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: BRAF, KRAS, RET, MET, NTRK, HER2

The 2004 discovery of EGFR mutations,followed by ALK rearrangements,ushered in a targeted therapy era for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting gene alterations have substantially improved survival and quality of life for patients with NSCLC.In the last decade,rearrangements of the ROS1 oncogene have been incorporated into healthcare practice that are applicable to another small subgroup of patients who benefit from similar targeted strategies.Recent genome studies of lung adenocarcinoma have identified other possible therapeutic targets,including RET,NTRK fusions,c-MET alterations,and activating mutations in KRAS,BRAF,and HER2,all with frequencies greater than 1%.Lung cancers harbouring these genome changes can potentially be treated with agents approved for other indications or under clinical development.This review updates the therapeutic arsenal that especially targets those genes.

Polymerase-tautomeric Model for Untargeted Delayed Base Substitution Mutations Formation during Error-prone and SOS Replication of Double-stranded DNA Containing Thymine and Adenine in Some Rare Tautomeric Forms

Polymerase-tautomeric model for untargeted delayed base substitution mutations is proposed.Structural analysis of bases insertion showed that any canonical bases may be inserted opposite rare tautomeric forms of thymine T3*,adenines A2*and A4*so that between them hydrogen bonds are formed.Canonical adenine and cytosine can be incorporated opposite canonical thymine only.Canonical thymine and guanine can be incorporated opposite canonical adenine only.If in the synthesis of DNA containing rare tautomeric forms of thymine T3*,adenines A2*and A4*,involved DNA polymerases with relatively high fidelity of synthesis,mutations not appear.However,if further DNA synthesis will involve DNA polymerases having a low fidelity of synthesis,there may be base substitution mutations.It was shown that the conclusion made in the Tomasetti and Vogelstein cancer risk model that the formation of about 67%of all mutations was not caused by exposure to any mutagens is erroneous.

Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Harboring Different Types of EGFR Mutations:A Retrospective Analysis

With the development of molecular pathology, many types of epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutations have been identified. The efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors（EGFR-TKIs） in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） patients with different types of EGFR mutations, especially in patients with single rare mutations or complex mutations（co-occurrence of two or more different mutations）, has not been fully understood. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients with different types of EGFR mutations. Clinical data of 809 NSCLC patients who harbored different types of EGFR mutations and treated from January 2012 to October 2016 at Renmin Hospital and Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics of these patients and the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs were analyzed. Among these patients, 377 patients had only the EGFR del-19 mutation, 362 patients the EGFR L858R mutation in exon 21, 33 patients single rare mutations and 37 patients complex mutations. Among these 809 patients, 239 patients were treated with EGFR-TKIs. In all the 239 patients, the disease control rate（DCR） was 93.7% with two patients（0.2%） achieving complete response（CR）, the median progression free survival（PFS） was 13.0 months（95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6–14.4 months）, and the median overall survival（OS） was 55.0 months（95% CI, 26.3–83.7 months）. Subgroup analysis revealed that the DCR in patients harboring single rare or complex mutations of EGFR was significantly lower than in those with del-19 or L858 R mutation（P〈0.001）. Patients with classic mutations（del-19 and/or L858 R mutations） demonstrated longer PFS（P〈0.001） and OS（P=0.017） than those with uncommon mutations（single rare and/or complex mutations）. Furthermore, the patients with single rare mutations had shorter median OS than in those with other mutations. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that the type of EGFR mutations was an independent risk factor for PFS（hazard ratio [HR]=0.308, 95% CI, 0.191–0.494, P〈0.001） and OS（HR=0.221, 95% CI, 0.101–0.480, P〈0.001）. The results suggest that the single rare or complex EGFR mutations confer inferior efficacy of EGFR-TKIs treatment to the classic mutations. The prognosis of the single rare EGFR mutations is depressing. EGFR-TKIs may be not a good choice for NSCLC patients with single rare mutations of EGFR. Further studies in these patients with uncommon mutations（especially for the patients with single rare mutations） are needed to determine a better precision treatment.

Investigation of therapeutic modalities of G719X, an uncommon mutation in the EGFR gene in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective G719 X is the most frequently seen uncommon mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene, which is a point mutation at exon 18 with three common subtypes, G719 A/G719 C/G719 S. This study explored the clinicopathological characteristics of the G719 X mutation and investigated the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) treatment and chemotherapy in patients with the G719 X mutation; the survival rate after these different treatment modalities were then analyzed in order to provide evidence for clinical treatment.Methods Clinical data of 41 patients with the G719 X mutation admitted in the Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2014 to July 2018, were collected and the EGFR mutations were detected by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction(ARMS-PCR). The clinicopathological characteristics of the G719 X mutation were analyzed, and the relationship among the G719 X mutation, the efficacy of different treatment modalities, and the progression-free survival(PFS) was analyzed. Results Of the 41 cases, 24(58.5%) were G719 X single mutations and 17(41.5%) were compound mutations, including G719 X/S768 I, G719 X/L861 Q, G719 X/19 del, and G719 X/c-Met compound mutation. The objective response rate(ORR) of first-line EGFR-TKI therapy was 50%(6/12), the disease control rate(DCR) was 83.3%(10/12), and the median PFS(mPFS) was 9 months. After resistance to EGFR-TKI in the previous treatment, the ORR(71.4%, 5/7) and DCR(100%, 7/7) were still high following EGFR-TKIs, by an mPFS of 8 months. The ORR of chemotherapy was 33.3%(2/6), the DCR was 100%(6/6), and the mPFS was 6 months. Conclusion G719 X is an uncommon mutation of the EGFR gene and is sensitive to many EGFR-TKIs. It can be treated with the second-or third-generation EGFR-TKIs after resistance to the first-generation EGFR-TKIs. G719 X mutation also showed favorable effect to chemotherapy.

Gitelman syndrome caused by a rare homozygous mutation in the SLC12A3 gene:A case report

BACKGROUND Gitelman syndrome(GS)is an unusual,autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria.It is caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 12 member 3(SLC12A3)gene resulting in disordered function of the thiazidesensitive NaCl co-transporter.To date,many types of mutations in the SLC12A3 gene have been discovered that trigger different clinical manifestations.Therefore,gene sequencing should be considered before determining the course of treatment for GS patients.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old man was admitted to our department due to hand numbness and fatigue.Laboratory tests after admission showed hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis and renal failure,all of which suggested a diagnosis of GS.Genome sequencing of DNA extracted from the patient’s peripheral blood showed a rare homozygous mutation in the SLC12A3 gene(NM_000339.2:chr16:56903671,Exon4,c.536T>A,p.Val179Asp).This study reports a rare homozygous mutation in SLC12A3 gene of a Chinese patient with GS.CONCLUSION Genetic studies may improve the diagnostic accuracy of Gitelman syndrome and improve genetic counseling for individuals and their families with these types of genetic disorders.

Response to dacomitinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harboring the rare delE709_T710insD mutation:A case report

BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI)have been the standard first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations.Uncommon EGFR mutations are increasingly reported with the development of next-generation sequencing.However,their sensitivity to TKIs is variable with limited clinical evidence.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a patient with the rare delE709_T710insD mutation,who showed the favorable efficacy of dacomitinib and achieved a partial response with a progression-free survival of 7.0 mo.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report displaying the clinical efficacy of dacomitinib for patients with delE709_T710insD,which may help to provide alternatives in non-classical variant NSCLC patients.Further studies are warranted to make the optimal choice of EGFR-TKI for rare mutations.

1例罕见α-地中海贫血产前诊断与家系分子遗传学分析

目的 对1例疑似携带罕见地中海贫血(简称地贫)的产前诊断胎儿进一步测序分析,对先证者进行家系分子遗传学分析。方法 运用血常规和血红蛋白电泳进行地贫筛查,采用gap-PCR法和PCR-RDB法检测24种地贫突变,对疑似罕见地贫进行基因测序分析。结果 先证者为--~(SEA)地贫与α2基因IVS-Ⅱ-119地贫双重杂合子,其IVS-Ⅱ-119地贫基因遗传自母方,--~(SEA)地贫基因遗传自父方。结论 --~(SEA)/α~(IVS-Ⅱ-119)α HbH地贫患儿的诊断,为罕见地贫的遗传咨询和产前诊断提供科学理论依据。

中国川东北地区非小细胞肺癌少见基因突变结果分析

目的:分析中国川东北地区非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者靶基因突变频率及罕见基因突变与临床病理特征及影像学特征间的关系。方法:应用下一代基因测序技术(NGS)对830例NSCLC患者靶基因进行检测,分析131例少见基因突变与临床病理及影像学特征的相关性。结果:608例(73.3%)患者携带基因突变,其中少见突变131例,占比15.8%。KRAS基因突变与男性、吸烟患者具有相关性(P<0.05)。携带KRAS突变患者多表现为无胸膜增厚、胸膜凹陷、血管侵犯及远处转移具有相关性(P<0.05)。ALK突变在不吸烟女性腺癌患者且D-二聚体升高中更为常见,多无空泡征像(P<0.05)。HER2基因突变与癌胚抗原(CEA)及淋巴单核比(LMR)水平具有相关性(P<0.05)。PIK3CA突变倾向于腺癌患者(P<0.05)。BRAF突变好发于肺上叶(P<0.05)。RET突变与胸膜凹陷征具有相关性(P<0.05)。MET突变与LMR相关(P<0.05)。ROS1突变好发于年轻患者,多表现为软组织密度影且无胸膜增厚(P<0.05)。结论:大多数肺癌患者至少存在一个基因突变,个别患者存在共突变。部分基因突变有其独特的临床病理及影像特征,值得临床关注。

限制性内切酶酶切后去磷酸化联合蓝白斑筛选检测KRAS基因第12位稀有突变

目的研究限制性内切酶酶切后去磷酸化联合蓝白斑筛选检测KRAS基因第12位密码子稀有突变的可行性。方法将采用限制性内切酶酶切后去磷酸化联合蓝白斑筛选检测方法作为实验组,限制性内切酶酶切联合蓝白斑筛选检测方法作为对照组。对照组将KRAS基因第12位密码子突变型(MUT)/野生型(WT)(MUT/WT 12)质粒按0∶1、1∶300、1∶1000、1∶3000的比例混合,限制性内切酶酶切PCR产物,酶切后产物进行蓝白斑筛选。实验组将MUT/WT 12质粒按0∶1、1∶3000、1∶10000、1∶30000的比例混合,在对照组方法的基础上酶切产物去磷酸化后再蓝白斑筛选。比较两组蓝白斑克隆数。限制性内切酶酶切鉴定实验组MUT/WT 12为1∶30000的阳性克隆,一代测序阳性克隆验证插入片段的序列。采用限制性内切酶酶切后去磷酸化联合蓝白斑筛选验证26例肺癌病例游离DNA的KRAS基因第12位稀有突变。结果对照组1∶3000的培养皿上白色克隆17个,蓝色克隆2329个,白色/蓝色克隆为1/137;而实验组1∶30000的培养皿上白色克隆23个,蓝色克隆394个,白色/蓝色克隆为1/17,1∶30000实验组白色/蓝色克隆比例明显高于1∶3000对照组。实验组1∶30000培养血上5个阳性克隆酶切鉴定出3个阳性,其插入片段为KRAS第12位突变片段。限制性内切酶酶切后去磷酸化联合蓝白斑筛选26例肺癌病例可检测出2例为KRAS基因第12位密码子突变。结论采用限制性内切酶酶切后去磷酸化联合蓝白斑筛选可检测出1∶30000 KRAS基因稀有突变。

神经营养因子赖氨酸激酶受体1型基因突变致先天性无痛无汗症1例并文献复习

目的 报告先天性无痛无汗症(CIPA)1例并文献复习,增加其病因及临床特点的了解,减少误诊误治。方法 采集2021年12月安徽省儿童医院收治的病儿及其父母外周血进行医学全外显子组基因检测,并对候选基因变异进行Sanger测序验证。结果 基因分子遗传学分析结果提示病儿在神经营养因子赖氨酸激酶受体1型(NTRK1)中存在2个分别来自父母双方的杂合突变(c.575-19G>A和c.444C>A),结合病儿临床表现符合CIPA。结论 CIPA为单基因遗传病,临床罕见,基因分子遗传学分析有助于诊断。

Antitumor activity of aumolertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in non-small-cell lung cancer harboring uncommon EGFR mutations

Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations account for 10% 20% of all EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC is associated with poor clinical outcomes and generally achieved unsatisfactory effects to the current therapies using standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs), including afatinib and osimertinib. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more novel EGFR-TKIs to treat uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.Aumolertinib is a third-generation EGFR-TKI approved in China for treating advanced NSCLC with common EGFR mutations. However, it remains unclear whether aumolertinib is effective in uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC. In this work, the in vitro anticancer activity of aumolertinib was investigated in engineered Ba/F3 cells and patient-derived cells bearing diverse uncommon EGFR mutations. Aumolertinib was shown to be more potent in inhibiting the viability of various uncommon EGFR-mutated cell lines than those with wild-type EGFR. And in vivo, aumolertinib could also significantly inhibit tumor growth in two mouse allograft models(V769-D770insASV and L861Q mutations) and a patientderived xenografts model(H773-V774insNPH mutation). Importantly, aumolertinib exerts responses against tumors in advanced NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. These results suggest that aumolertinib has the potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Uncommon complications of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography: What, why, and how to prevent

There is an increasing role for endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided interventions in the treatment of many conditions. Although it has been shown that these types of interventions are effective and safe, they continue to be considered only as alternative treatments in some situations. This is in part due to the occurrence of complications with these techniques, which can occur even when performed by experienced endosonographers. Although common complications have been described for many procedures, it is also crucial to be aware of uncommon complications. This review describes rare complications that have been reported with several EUS-guided interventions. EUS-guided biliary drainage is accepted as an alternative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction. Most of the uncommon complications related to this procedure involve stent malfunction, such as the migration or malposition of stents. Rare complications of EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage can result from air embolism and infection. Finally, a range of uncommon complications has been reported for EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis, involving neural and vascular injuries that can be fatal. The goal of this review is to identify possible complications and promote an understanding of how they occur in order to increase general awareness of these adverse events with the hope that they can be avoided in the future.

埃克替尼联合化疗治疗肺癌EGFR基因L833V和H835L罕见复合突变1例

非小细胞肺癌发生发展最常见的驱动因素是表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变,主要为19外显子缺失和第21外显子L858R突变,其他罕见基因突变发生率低,临床治疗方案尚未明确。本文报道1例携带EGFR基因H835L和L833V罕见突变的非小细胞肺癌患者,给予埃克替尼单药治疗3个月,疾病稳定(SD),再予以埃克替尼联合化疗后病灶缩小,并维持SD近5个月。

PD-L1、MDM2在EGFR罕见突变NSCLC患者中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨PD-L1和MDM2在表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)罕见突变的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者中的表达,分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系,探寻EGFR罕见突变人群的预后预测因子及免疫治疗的应用前景。方法:收集并随访69例EGFR罕见突变的NSCLC患者完整的临床病理资料(最终随访到64例,失访率7.25%),采用免疫组化法检测51例保存完整的EGFR罕见突变的NSCLC福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织中PD-L1、MDM2的表达水平,同时选取9例癌旁组织和8例正常组织的蜡块切片作为对照组,分析其与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果:64例EGFR罕见突变的NSCLC患者,突变类型包括单突变41例(64.06%),复合突变(同时存在两种或两种以上的EGFR突变)23例(35.94%)。NLR中位数为2.63,PD-L1在EGFR罕见突变NSCLC癌组织的阳性表达率为29.41%,在癌旁组织及正常肺泡上皮细胞中阴性表达(P=0.039)。MDM2在癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中的阳性表达率分别为86.27%、33.33%、12.5%,差异有明显统计学意义(P=0.000)。Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者PD-L1在肿瘤细胞中的表达高于Ⅲ/Ⅳ期(P=0.013),而Ⅲ/Ⅳ期患者MDM2在肿瘤中的表达高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者(P=0.001)。而年龄、性别、是否吸烟、NLR、突变类型、病理分级与EGFR罕见突变癌患者组织中PD-L1、MDM2的表达水平无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。64例患者的mOS为22.31个月。年龄、性别、吸烟、EGFR突变类型、PD-L1、MDM2表达与预后无明显相关。NLR <2.63患者的mOS优于NLR≥2.63(46.16个月vs12.58个月)的患者,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.72,P=0.002)。病理分级为1/2级患者mOS优于3级患者(41.46个月vs 15.97个月),差异具有明显统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.17,P=0.013)。Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者mOS优于Ⅲ/Ⅳ期患者(59.17个月vs 15.97个月),差异具有明显统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.89,P=0.000)。Cox多因素回归分析:NLR(HR=2.667,P=0.007)、分期(HR=8.778,P=0.000)是EGFR罕见突变NSCLC患者的独立预后因素。结论:NLR可考虑作为EGFR罕见突变NSCLC患者预后的疗效预测因子;PD-L1在EGFR罕见突变的NSCLC中阳性表达率较高,免疫治疗可能获益。

非小细胞肺癌少见/罕见靶点:共识与争鸣

由中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会和广东省临床试验协会/中国胸部肿瘤研究协作组主办的“第20届中国肺癌高峰论坛”于2023年3月4日在广州顺利召开。此次论坛以非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)少见/罕见靶点为主题,从少见/罕见靶点的精准检测、新型临床研究与围术期治疗等角度开展相关学术探讨,并最终达成了专家共识。

罕见β-珠蛋白基因突变导致儿童β-地中海贫血的研究

目的:研究儿童罕见β-地中海贫血(β-地贫)的β-珠蛋白基因突变类型、血液学特征和临床表现。方法:选取广西医科大学第一附属医院2022年1—12月检测地中海贫血的病例。血细胞分析仪行血常规检测,高效液相色谱法行血红蛋白(Hb)分析;跨越断裂点聚合酶链反应(Gap-PCR)法、荧光PCR熔解曲线法和DNA测序检测α-地中海贫血(α-地贫)和β-地贫基因突变。结果:共检出99例β-地贫患儿,其中2例为罕见β-珠蛋白基因突变导致β-地贫的患儿。病例1为1岁女患儿,轻度贫血,血常规示Hb 101.00 g/L,红细胞计数(RBC)5.43×10^(12)/L,红细胞平均体积(MCV)56.90 fL,红细胞平均血红蛋白量(MCH)18.60 pg,红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)327.00 g/L,红细胞比容(HCT)0.31 L/L和红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)0.19;Hb分析结果示Hb A25.70%,Hb F 2.60%。基因分析及DNA测序结果显示β-珠蛋白基因IVS-Ⅰ-2(T>C)突变杂合子。病例2为6岁男孩,轻度贫血,血常规示Hb 94.90 g/L,RBC 4.97×10^(12)/L,MCV 59.97 fL,MCH 19.11 pg,MCHC 318.70 g/L,HCT 0.30 L/L,RDW 0.15;Hb分析结果示Hb A25.80%,Hb F 1.90%。基因分析及DNA测序结果显示β-珠蛋白基因CD95(+A)杂合子突变。结论:首次在国内发现β-珠蛋白基因CD95(+A)杂合子突变导致β-地贫的患儿,临床表现为轻度贫血,Hb A2水平增高;首次报道国内儿童β-珠蛋白基因IVS-Ⅰ-2(T>C)杂合子β-地贫的血液学特征、Hb分析和临床表现。这两种β-地贫基因突变类型在国内较罕见,提示临床上容易漏诊。

罕见COX7A2L-ALK融合突变晚期肺腺癌1例病例报告并文献复习

肺癌是全世界发病率和死亡率最高的肿瘤,随着下一代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)检测技术的发展,越来越多的罕见间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)融合突变患者被检测出来。本文报道了北京协和医院收治的1例罕见COX7A2L-ALK(C2:A20)融合突变的肺腺癌晚期患者,同时检索2014年1月1日-2021年3月31日发表的罕见ALK融合突变的病例报道,探讨ALK抑制剂对罕见ALK融合突变患者的疗效。本例患者一线给予口服塞瑞替尼后病情好转,疗效评价为部分缓解(partial response,PR)。通过上述检索方法检索出符合文献19篇,共报道22例罕见ALK融合突变,结合本例,对23例进行汇总分析。分析结果显示,ALK抑制剂对罕见ALK融合突变的客观有效率为82.6%(19/23),疾病控制率为95.7%(22/23)。罕见ALK融合突变晚期肺腺癌患者可以从ALK抑制剂治疗中受益。