Challenges Experienced by Nurse Educators in Promoting Acquisition of Clinical Reasoning Skills by the Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill for nursing students since it is required to solve difficulties that arise in complex clinical settings. However, teaching and learning clinical reasoning skills is difficult because of its complexity. This study, therefore aimed at exploring the challenges experienced by nurse educators in promoting acquisition of clinical reasoning skills by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was used in this study. The participants were purposively sampled and recruited into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data The principles of beneficence, respect of human dignity and justice were observed. Results: The findings have shown that clinical learning environment, lacked material and human resources. The students had no interest to learn the skill. There was also knowledge gap between nurse educators and clinical nurses. Lack of role model was also an issue and limited time exposure. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurse educators encounter various challenges in promoting the acquisition of clinical reasoning skills among undergraduate nursing students. Training institutions and hospitals should periodically revise the curriculum and provide sufficient resources to facilitate effective teaching and learning of clinical reasoning. Nurse educators must also update their knowledge and skills through continuous professional development if they are to transfer the skill effectively.

Assessing the Levels of Clinical Reasoning Skills Using Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning skills between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research design, based on the positivism paradigm. 410 undergraduate nursing students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning skills from third- and fourth-year nursing students while adhering to ethical principles of human dignity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning scores of the undergraduate nursing students were knowledge/theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning (M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning skills between third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students was not significantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no significantno significant difference in clinical reasoning between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning skills of the undergraduate nursing students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching methods have not been effective to improve the students clinical reasoning skills. Therefore, the training institutions should revise their curriculum by incorporating new teaching methods like simulation to enhance students’ clinical reasoning skills. In conclusion, evaluating clinical reasoning skills is crucial for addressing healthcare issues, validating teaching methods, and fostering continuous improvement in nursing education.

Progression of myopia among undergraduate students in central China

AIM:To investigate the progression of myopia and risk factors among university students in central China.METHODS:A total of 7359 first-year undergraduate students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in central China were recruited to the study and invited to a centralized clinic for medical examination,including optometry,and re-examined after one year.Correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations between one-year myopia progression and various parameters.RESULTS:The spherical equivalent refraction for the overall population was-3.14±2.28 D at baseline.The rate of myopia progression over 0.50 D after one year was 41.9%,and the 1-year progression of myopia was-0.47±0.58 D.There was no difference of mean 1-year myopia progression between male and female or difference among age group.The myopia progression of original myopia was severer than progression of new-onset myopia.There was also difference of mean myopia progression among different degrees of myopia at baseline.The under corrected eyes had a higher percentage of myopia progression than well corrected eyes(χ^(2)=7.90,P<0.01).There was no correlation between myopia progression and height,weight,body mass index,hemoglobin(Spearman correlation,ρ=-0.078,-0.152,-0.170,-0.096,respectively,all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Myopes still progress in undergraduate students,especially in high myopes.

How to Effectively Apply ChatGPT in Software Engineering Education?——A Perspective from Undergraduate Students

As a highly advanced conversational AI chatbot trained on extensive datasets,ChatGPT has garnered significant attention across various domains,including academia,industry,and education.In the field of education,existing studies primarily focus on 2 areas:Assessing the potential utility of ChatGPT in education by examining its capabilities and limitations;exploring the educational scenarios that could benefit from the integration of ChatGPT.In contrast to these studies,we conduct a user survey targeting undergraduate students specializing in Software Engineering,aiming to gain insights into their perceptions,challenges,and expectations regarding the utilization of ChatGPT.Based on the results of the survey,we provide valuable guidance on the effective incorporation of ChatGPT in the realm of software engineering education.

Progress in the Application of Reflective Education on Undergraduate Nursing Interns

Objective:To explore the implementation methods and effects of reflective education,and to provide references for the development of reflective education in Chinese nursing schools.Methods:Relevant literature was searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,Wipro Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,and PubMed Database,and the included studies were analyzed descriptively.Results:The implementation of reflective education included work-site education,group discussion,video teaching,self-reflection,and expert lectures;the interventions mainly included study groups,role-playing,individual instruction,peer cooperation,demonstration and observation,field simulation,and video presentations.The implementation of reflective education can improve the sense of professional identity and professional competence of nursing interns,and reduce nursing errors and adverse events.Conclusion:Currently,nurses in China lack self-awareness and critical thinking skills,it is recommended that reflective education be incorporated into the teaching content of undergraduate nursing students during their internship in order to promote the development of professionalism and humanistic caring skills of nursing students.

Evaluation of the Effect of Assessment Method Reform in “Nursing Research” Course

Objective:This paper aims to evaluate the implementation effect of the diversified course assessment method reform.Methods:A diversified assessment method was implemented for 196 undergraduate nursing students.Students’mastery of key knowledge in“Nursing Research”was assessed through group reports on topic selection and literature retrieval,as well as the proposition level of the final examination.Results:81.6%of the students agreed with the course assessment method,and 97.9%believed studying“Nursing Research”would be helpful for future scientific research applications.Conclusion:Diversified assessment methods can help improve undergraduate nursing students’scientific research skills and comprehensive quality.

The construction and practice of humanistic care teaching model based on 5C care theory

Objective:To construct a scientific and feasible teaching mode based on 5C caring theory and evaluate it,so as to provide a reference basis for future study about nursing humanistic quality education.Methods:Based on the 5C caring theory,the teaching design and teaching content were revising and implementing in the intervention group.Before and after the implementation of the course,a questionnaire survey was conducted using the Caring Ability Inventory(CAI).The results of the surveys were collected,and the data were statistically analysis using SPSS.Results:After the implementation of the course,the cognitive dimension,patience dimension,and humanistic caring ability scores of the nursing students in the intervention group improved compared with those before the implementation of the course(P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The humanistic caring teaching model based on 5C caring theory has a positive effect on improving nursing students'humanistic caring ability.In the future nursing teaching,the modules with the characteristics of humanistic caring ability can be increased,and carry out the educational reform throughout the humanistic caring ability.Actively guiding nursing students to establish the awareness of humanistic caring,so as to lay a solid foundation for high-quality clinical nursing work.

Comparison of Clinical Thinking Ability in Nursing Students of Different Grades

Objective： This study investigated and compared the clinical thinking ability of undergraduate nursing students of different grades, and searched for influencing factors of clinical thinking ability of nursing undergraduate students. Methods： The convenience sampling method was used to select the Subject of the study. In total, 180 third-year, fourth-year, and fifth-year nursing undergraduate students were enrolled in this study. A self-designed scale of clinical thinking ability was used to collect the data. SPSS17.0 was used to analyze the data. Results： The average scores of clinical thinking ability of undergraduate nursing students were 68.14±9.13. In addition, 71.1% of the students have a higher level of clinical thinking ability, and only 7.2% of the students have the best level. The ANOVA test showed that the fourth-year students had the highest scores（72.96±8.64）, and the third-year students had the lowest scores（62.35±8.09）, which indicated a significant difference in the scores of the three groups（ F= 26. 79, P〈0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the frequency of academic activities and the frequency of department rounds were significantly correlated to clinical thinking ability（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： We must pay attention to the changes and influencing factors of clinical thinking ability of nursing undergraduate students. Thus, traditional teaching methods need to evolve and be revised to host the capacity of clinical practice most effectively and, eventually, promote the development of clinical thinking ability of nursing undergraduate students.

Attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward Objective Structure Practical Examination: An Exploratory study

Background: Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a method of assessment of clinical competence.The examination is conducted at multiple stations.Besides practical and problem-solving skills,theoretical knowledge is also tested.OSPE can be traced back more than 40 years.OSPE has been included more than two decades,as a part of assessment in the College of Nursing,All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),New Delhi.Objectives: This study was carried out to determine nursing students' attitudes towards OSPE as an assessment tool.Participants: The responses of all the 252 Undergraduate nursing students studying at the College of Nursing,AIIMS were obtained for this study (77 from B.Sc.(H) Nursing first year,61 from the second year,69 from the third year and 45 from the fourth year).Methods: The students attitudes towards OSPE were assessed by using a validated questionnaire containing 28 item statements on Likert's 5-point scale (LS) and 11 bipolar adjectives on Osgood's 7-point Semantic'Differential Scale (OSDS).Result: Most of the students approved of OSPE and felt that it was fair,useful,good,effective,exciting,interesting,practical,skill oriented but also taxing.The study also revealed that amongst the second years' students there was a strong correlation between Overall Rank in the Class and Assessment of OSPE.Conclusion: The study supports the introduction of OSPE as one of the methods of assessment of B.Sc.(Hons.) Nursing students.

Efficient School Health Services and Sport Participation Among Nigerian Universities Undergraduates

Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 280 students and 12 managerial staff of sport and medical units participated in the descriptive study. Responses to a validated questionnaire provided the source of data. A test-retest reliability coefficient （r） = 0.80. Data were analyzed with simple percentages and Chi-square at 〈 0.05 alpha level. Results： All the respondents in medical centre and sport unit oriented the students on the available medical services and facilities on campus： availability of first aid services, treatment services for complicated injuries （inpatient）, referral services for specialized care, financial support during hospitalization. Complementary results from the students showed that the majority of the respondents （50%） strongly agreed that medical centre was available in the Campus, and 36% strongly affirmed to availability of first aid services. Thirty four percent of the respondents strongly agreed to the availability of treatment services, while 40% of the respondent agreed to the availability of free medical services. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between efficient medical services and students＇ participation in sports. Conclusion： All medical services were available but students perceive the services as inefficient which implies poor or non utilization.

Mediating effect of undergraduate nursing students’ professional commitment on positive psychological capital and learning burnout

Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the mediating role of professional commitment of undergraduate nursing students between positive psychological capital(PsyCap)and learning burnout.Materials and Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to survey 442 students of a bachelor’s degree in freshman to the junior in a medical college in Shaanxi Province.Results:Professional commitment was positively related to positive PsyCap(=0.487,P<0.01),while positive PsyCap and professional commitment were negatively related to learning burnout(r=−0.456,r=−0.411,P all<0.01).There are certain mediating effects of professional commitment in the relationship between positive PsyCap and learning burnout.The mediating effect value of professional commitment is−0.065,accounting for 16.08%of the total effect.Conclusion:Nursing educators in medical colleges and universities should focus on developing and training the positive PsyCap of undergraduate nursing students,thereby enhancing and stabilizing their professional commitment level and reducing the risk of learning burnout.

Facilitators and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Undergraduate Students of Makerere University

There is a higher Human Papilloma Virus peak prevalence in younger women (18 - 25 years) of university age. The undergraduate university students are more at a risk of acquiring cervical cancer because they are at the stage of exploring which predisposes them to risky behavior like early sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners among others. This creates a need for cervical cancer screening in the population. The facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening have been studied in the Ugandan general population but little is known among University students which this study is taking interest. Objective: This study is aimed at determining the facilitators, barriers and background factors associated to cervical cancer screening among female undergraduate students in Makerere University. Methods: Four hundred twenty-two (422) female undergraduate students of Makerere University who fit the eligibility criteria were recruited in this descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. A self-administered semi structured questionnaire was administered to these participants chosen by convenient sampling. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and logistic regression models was used. Results: Less than a half of (21.1%) of the participants had ever screened for cervical cancer. At multivariate analysis, only year of study and married status were associated to cervical cancer screening with a P-values were of (0.015) and (0.001) with a (1.173 - 4.261) and (1.594 - 6.130) 95% CI respectively. The facilitators agreed upon by participants included: Access to free cervical cancer screening services, adequate knowledge about cervical cancer screening and advice from a friend, family or physician among others. The reported barriers to screening were fear of bad result, low risk perception and fear of embarrassment among others. Conclusions and Recommendations: Among the female undergraduate students of Makerere University, only 21.1% had screened for cervical cancer. Therefore, there is a critical need for university based cancer education campaign on cervical cancer and the benefits of screening. Screening services should be integrated into the existing university medical services.

Influencing program satisfaction for undergraduate students in STEM areas: The impact of interdisciplinary features, disciplinary connectedness, faculty support, and examination difficulty

Ensuring program satisfaction for undergraduate students in the areas of science,technology,engineering and mathematics(STEM)matters in student retention and education quality improvement.This study explores how four rarely examined variables support from faculty members,interdisciplinary features of STEM program courses,disciplinary connectedness of STEM program core courses,and examination difficulty impact Chinese STEM undergraduates’program satisfaction.With data from 619 Chinese STEM undergraduates,structural equation modeling shows that course satisfaction partially mediates the impact of support from faculty members on program satisfaction,while fully mediating that of interdisciplinary features of STEM program courses and disciplinary connectedness of STEM program core courses on program satisfaction.Examination difficulty exerts no significant impact on program satisfaction neither directly nor indirectly.Support from faculty members impact course satisfaction significantly stronger for junior and senior students than for freshmen and sophomores,while interdisciplinary features of STEM program courses impact course satisfaction stronger for freshmen and sophomores than for juniors and seniors.The study ends with practical implications for the higher education reform in relevant areas.

Effectiveness of Mind-Body Exercise on Burnout and Stress in Female Undergraduate Students

This study was to investigate the effects of mind-body exercise on burnout and perceived stress among female undergraduate students.A sample of 146 female undergraduate students took part in this study.They were assigned to mind-body exercise group(n=91)and control group(n=55).Mind-body exercise group received three 90-min sessions of Baduanjin exercise per week lasting for 12-weeks.There was no intervention in the control group.The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey was used to assess burnout level,and the 10-item perceived stress scale was used to assess stress level.Significant decreases in emotional exhaustion(p<0.001),cynicism(p<0.001)and perceived stress(p<0.001)were found in the mind-body exercise group compared with control group.Furthermore after 12-week mind-body exercise,emotional exhaustion,cynicism and perceived stress had greater reduction.Mind-body exercise(Baduanjin)may be considered an alternative strategy to reduce burnout and perceived stress in female undergraduate students.

Family Health History and Behavioral Change among Undergraduate Students: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: We examined family health history (FHH) as a public health intervention tool in undergraduate students. We hypothesized that the FHH assignment would positively relate to students’ FHH knowledge and health and healthcare-seeking behavioral change. Methods: Health professional students’ (n = 103) pre/post-test surveys and research papers were collected in 2011-2012, from a mid-western and southern university in the United States of America, using mixed methods research. Results: The majority of students were aged 18 - 30, women, White, had healthcare access and health insurance, and awareness of the term FHH. Significant logistic regression relationships existed between: 1) helping students understand important strengths and weaknesses in their health and quality of life and outcomes of talking with family and doctors about FHH;and 2) improving students’ understanding of what they needed to do to maintain their health and the outcome statement “FHH tells you about inherited genes.” Key themes from the research papers included actions and FHH and proposed behavioral changes. Conclusions: Quantitative findings supported the relationship between students’ assignment evaluation and knowledge change, while qualitative findings supported relationships between assignment evaluation and knowledge and behavioral change. This study highlights regional differences in students’ FHH and the need to address family support barriers to behavioral change.

Fostering Creativity and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy in Engineering Undergraduates： Curriculum Power and Context in One University of Technology

Through the Sequential Mixed Methods Approach, 24 final year power engineering students underwent 12 learnshops on creativity and entrepreneurship with an attempt to foster creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among them. Pre- and post-test on creativity using Torrance＇s Test of Creativity （TTCT） and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy questionnaires were used to determine the level of both creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy The findings of the study show that a significant leap in how teaching and learning takes place is necessary if we are to properly prepare students for the 21st century knowledge economy and that active participation, confidence and ideas generation taking place under teamwork and informal settings are a way forward and to harness the two constructs.

Unsatisfactory COVID-19-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Undergraduate University Students in Uganda: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: This study examined the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude and practices among undergraduate students in Uganda. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from 12th-19th June 2020 among undergraduate students using a standard questionnaire designed using Google Forms sent via WhatsApp Messenger. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to test the differences and odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were used for quantifying the association between independent and dependent variables. p < 0.05 was considered significant. A cut-off score of ≥80% was used to denote sufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices. Results: Of the 161 respondents, 102 (63.4%) were males with a mean age of 24.2 (5.0) years. The majority 121 (75.2%) were pursuing health-related programs and overall, 110 (68.3%) had sufficient knowledge while 76 (47.2%) had a positive attitude and good practice each. Knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with health-related programs (AOR 4.78, 95% CI 2.06 - 11.07;p < 0.001) and (AOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.33 - 7.62;p = 0.010) respectively. The practice was associated with the male gender (AOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.19 - 4.73;p = 0.014). The most commonly cited sources of COVID-19 information were news media 147 (91.3%), Ministry of Health 134 (83.2%), and social media 125 (77.6%). The ministry of health was considered the most trustworthy source 139 (86.3%) and social media the least 21 (13.0%). Conclusions: COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude and practices among undergraduates in Uganda were low overall. Therefore, concerted efforts to provide tailored health education and behaviour change communication are needed.

Correlation between interaction anxiousness and sleep deprivation among undergraduate students

Sleep deprivation is a common problem among university students,it causes lowered cognitive skills,higher tend of suicide,risk-taking behavior and interaction anxiety.By using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),the survey on the sleep quality and interaction anxiousness was carried out among 124 undergraduate students,in order to found the correlation between sleep deprivation and interaction anxiousness.The results showed a strong positive correlation between them.This study also investigates the difference of PSQI and IAS among students with varied disciplines and grades,and findings illustrated a poor sleep quality as well as poor interpersonal communication situation among university students.

The Consumption Preferences of Milk and Dairy Products of Undergraduate Students

Human has different stages in their life as from babyhood to adult. The healthy and balanced diet preferences of people play an important role in each human life parts. Especially milk and dairy products are necessary for human health because of their nutrition value and body functions. One of the parts of people life is university life. Starting university is a turning point in terms of eating habits, since food choices responsibility of university students increases in this period. According to the researches, increasing availability of fast foods, changes in living arrangements, life experiences, expectations, preferences and beliefs related with food selections are most common reasons regarding dietary choices in this young adults group. University students had drinking milk habits in primary school but most of them lose their habits during university life. The students＇ first preferences were cheese and then yogurt and finally milk. A very little part of university students consume milk and dairy products regularly. The consumption habits and milk and dairy product catering of university students were examined. The consumption preferences of milk and dairy products of the students in different Universities are reviewed in this review.

The effects of Professional Commitment and Patient Safety knowledge-attitude-practice on Undergraduate nursing students’ Humanistic Care Ability in clinical practice

Objective:To describe the status quo of humanistic care ability,the knowledge-attitude-practice of Patient Safety and professional commitment among Undergraduate Nursing Students in clinical practice,and to determine the effects of professional commitment and patient safety knowledge-attitude-practice on humanistic care ability.Methods:Two hundred and thirty-two undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice were investigated with the general questionnaire,Caring Ability Inventory(CAI),Patients Safety knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)Questionnaire and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale.Results:The score of humanistic care ability of nursing undergraduates was 185.19±20.95,patients safety KAP score was 106.94±11.62,professional commitment score was 74.93±10.44.Undergraduate nursing students’humanistic care ability were positively correlated with professional commitment and patients safety KAP(P<0.05).Multiple Linear regression analysis showed that professional commitment,patient safety KAP entered the humane care equation(F=24.051,P<0.001),and explained 39.1%of the total variation in humane care.Intermediate effect analysis shows that patient safety played a partial mediating role in professional commitment and humane care.Conclusion:The professional commitment and patient safety KAP of undergraduate nursing students were positively related to their humanistic care ability.Improving the professional commitment and knowledge and patients safety KAP of nursing students can strengthen their humanistic care ability to provide high-quality nursing for patients.