Mechanism,prevention,and control of mining-induced dynamic disasters in underground metal mines in China:Challenges and solutions

Metal mineral resources play an indispensable role in the development of the national economy.Dynamic disasters in underground metal mines seriously threaten mining safety,which are major scientific and technological problems to be solved urgently.In this article,the occurrence status and grand challenges of some typical dynamic disasters involving roof falling,spalling,collapse,large deformation,rockburst,surface subsidence,and water inrush in metal mines in China are systematically presented,the characteristics of mining-induced dynamic disasters are analyzed,the examples of dynamic disasters occurring in some metal mines in China are summarized,the occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning methods,and prevention and control techniques of these disasters are highlighted,and some new opinions,suggestions,and solutions are proposed simultaneously.Moreover,some shortcomings in current disaster research are pointed out,and the direction of efforts to improve the prevention and control level of dynamic disasters in China’s metal mines in the future is prospected.The integration of forward-looking key innovative theories and technologies in the abovementioned aspects will greatly enhance the cognitive level of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s metal mining industry and achieve a significant shift from passive disaster relief to active disaster prevention.

Combustion mechanism and control approaches of underground coal fires:a review

With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response strategies of underground coal fires is of great significance to accelerate the green prevention and control of coal fires,energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we summarized and sorted out the research status of underground coal fires,focused on the theoretical and technical issues such as underground coal fire combustion mechanism,multiphysics coupling effect of coal fire combustion,fire prevention and extinguishing technology for underground coal fires,and beneficial utilization technology,and described the latest research progress of the prevention and control for underground coal fire hazards.Finally,the key research problems in the field of underground coal fire hazards prevention and control were proposed in the direction of the basic theory,technology research,comprehensive management and utilization,with a view to providing ideas and solutions for the management of underground coal fires.

Research of Risk Identification and Prevention of Underground Pressure Pipelines Damage Caused by External Disturbance

External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper prevention and control measures.We reviewed literature on risk identification of underground pressure pipelines damage due to external disturbance was conducted,and a list of risk factors was formed.Based on the list of risk factors,fault tree analysis was carried out on underground pressure pipelines damage caused by external disturbances,and risk prevention and control measures were proposed through the calculation of minimum cut sets,minimum path sets,and structural importance,in hopes of providing reference for the normal operation of underground pressure pipelines.

Theoretical and practical exploration of vision building in human influenza pandemic prevention & control

This article introduced the vision building concept about human influenza pandemic prevention and control.Different visions were built by creating different shapes of building blocks which also represented different organizations and physical facilities,respectively.The around-view reflection is required to be developed in the process of building so as to search for the ideal pattern.The correlation of all sectors and systems are established to combine different kinds of things,from one family to another,from communities,towns,counties,cities,rural areas, provinces to the state to handle trivial problems.These training objectives have been successfully accomplished,which has not only enriched the knowledge about prevention and control of influenza pandemic between different departments but also clarified the roles and responsibility. It lays the firm foundation for next cooperation between different departments,and make a bridge for the objective and choice of channel over human influenza pandemic prevention and control.

Student capacity building of dengue prevention and control: A study of an Islamic school, Southern Thailand

Dengue has been a critical problem for an Islamic School, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Southern Thailand. Objectives: 1) to build student capacity;and 2) to evaluate the results of student capacity building. Method: Participatory Action Research: PAR was applied in three phases: 1) the school-based preparation phase;2) the process of building student capacity phase, and 3) evaluation of the results of the student capacity building. Independent T-Test statistical method was used to analyze student capacity both before and after the intervention. Larval Indices were determined through ratio analysis. Results: Prior to the intervention, there was no clear strategy for combating dengue. In this study, three groups were formed to build student capacity: a leader group, a non-leader group, and a support group. The leader group (48 student leaders), critical to the study, was set as a dengue club named “Eliminate Ades Aegypti, the culprit of dengue” which focused on eight sets of activities: “Dengue or Death”, “Seniors educating juniors”, “Reward for good answers”, “Dengue monitoring team”, “Youth to expel mosquetoes”, “Mosquito or busy”, “Garbage elimination of Pondok”, and “Essential doctors”. The level of student capacity for the prevention and control of dengue of a sampling of 308 student representatives of the Pondok (Islamic school) showed an increase after intervention ( (SD);56.78 (17.06);65.33(15.36) and different statistic significant (P < 0.001). The Larval indices ratio levels had decreased from the original levels (BI = 244, HI = 45, and CI = 26) after intervention (BI = 137, HI = 39, and CI = 19). Dengue morbidity and mortality rates were not found during the study. Discussion: Although there had been an increase in student capacity, a decrease in the larval indices ratio, and the absence of a dengue epidemiology index, the high risk of a dengue epidemic might still be found in the school because the ratio of larval indices were higher than the standard index. Then, the committed participation of students, school, and communities around the school vicinity is needed in building student capacity of dengue prevention and control.

Research on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution in Building Construction

The quality of human life has been greatly improved with the rapid development of the market economy.However,at the same time,people are paying more attention to the problems caused by environmental pollution.As a result,there is an increase in environmental awareness.At the present stage,people are concerned about the negative impact that building construction has on the environment.Building construction enterprises must have preventive measures and deal with environmental pollution during construction.This is to minimize pollution caused by construction and to satisfy the implementation of green civilization construction.This is important as it can enhance the development of socialist spiritual civilization and thus promote the expansion of enterprises in the long run.The author explores and analyzes the main types of environmental pollution generated in building construction.Besides,the author provides effective measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by building construction to reduce its adverse impact on the environment.

贵州裸露型岩溶地下河系统污染防治技术——以遵义坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例

裸露型岩溶区岩溶强发育、水文地质条件复杂,受污染的地下河系统通道隐蔽性强、污染防治难度大。本文以坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例,在近污染源的主径流通道实施“地下水防渗帷幕+污水抽排”工程措施实现近源截排。施工面临岩溶破碎地层易掉块卡埋钻、钻效低及岩溶强发育段浆液扩散距离远等难题。通过配备适宜的钻进工艺,采取纯压式灌浆、水泥砂浆灌填溶洞、低压限量及速凝浆液灌注等灌浆控制措施,保证了工程进度质量,实现了源头治理污染地下水的目的。“近源截排”对类似水文地质条件下地下水污染防治提供可借鉴的地学治理模式。

5种药剂对甘薯地下害虫的防治效果研究

为了筛选出适合防治地下害虫的杀虫剂,以甘薯普薯32为试材,在河南郑州和洛阳地下害虫发生严重的地块,研究5种药剂对地下害虫的防治效果。结果表明:0.5%噻虫胺(颗粒)90 kg/hm^(2)和金龟子绿僵菌2亿/g(颗粒)90 kg/hm^(2),防治效果较好,防治效果最高分别是82.77%和79.48%,商品率最高分别为92.51%和91.06%,平均产量比对照增产最高分别是10.49%和9.57%。噻虫胺和金龟子绿僵菌分别代表化学药剂和生物药剂在甘薯地下害虫防治上表现较好。

基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型

目前井下风温预测大多采用BP神经网络,但其预测精度受学习样本数量的影响,且容易陷入局部最优,Elman神经网络具备局部记忆能力,提高了网络的稳定性和动态适应能力,但仍然存在收敛速度过慢、易陷入局部最优的问题。针对上述问题,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,建立了基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型。分析得出入风相对湿度、入风温度、地面大气压力和井筒深度是井底风温的主要影响因素,因此将其作为模型的输入数据,模型的输出数据为井底风温。在相同样本数据集下的实验结果表明:Elman模型迭代90次后收敛,PSO-Elman模型迭代41次后收敛,说明PSO-Elman模型收敛速度更快;与BP神经网络模型、支持向量回归模型和Elman模型相比,PSO-Elman模型的预测误差较低,平均绝对误差、均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.376 0℃,0.278 3,1.95%,决定系数R^(2)为0.992 4,非常接近1,表明预测模型具有良好的预测效果。实例验证结果表明,PSO-Elman模型的相对误差范围为-4.69%~1.27%,绝对误差范围为-1.06~0.29℃,MSE为0.26,整体预测精度可满足井下实际需要。

特大型硫磺储运系统粉尘防控技术应用总结

普光天然气净化厂设计硫磺产能2.4 Mt/a,是亚洲最大的硫磺生产基地。针对该厂特大型硫磺储运系统存在的皮带输送单元落地硫磺粉尘扩散、地下廊道硫磺粉尘超标、装车单元粉尘闪爆等安全隐患,围绕固体硫磺仓储、输送、装车环节开展粉尘风险防控难题攻关,研究皮带机集成清扫、地下廊道粉尘消减及粉尘闪爆综合治理技术,形成了特大型固体硫磺储运系统全流程粉尘防控关键技术,实现了安全清洁生产,提高了装置本质安全水平。

城市地下空间水灾害防治若干科技问题研究展望

在综述国内外城市地下空间水灾害状况和防灾研究现状的基础上,梳理了研究成果及案例分析,将城市地下空间遭受的水灾害性状归纳为两大类型问题:一类为地表洪涝灾害导致的地下空间水淹灾害,另一类为工程活动或周边水环境特征变化导致的水灾害。解析了城市地下空间内、外部水灾害环境关联响应关系。基于城市地下空间水灾害分布的复杂性,从灾害成因的关键要素和耦合响应关系入手,总结了当前国内城市地下空间水灾害防治存在的一些共性科学难题和技术瓶颈,多目标多层面分解地下空间水灾害防治科学问题和关键技术路线,系统性提出了应该重视和加强研究的若干科技问题及解决路径。并从科学问题、关键技术和解决措施三方面展望城市地下空间水灾害防治领域的科技发展。

地下采矿工程施工的不安全因素分析

由于矿山地质环境的特殊性,施工环境复杂,开采过程中存在许多安全问题和工程风险,因此,采矿业作为高风险行业,安全生产始终是生产领域的重中之重,必须明确界定与采矿相关的风险因素,并对其加强安全控制,为矿山项目的安全稳定运行做出贡献。

地球物理方法在煤矿水文地质勘查中的应用现状

地球物理勘探(简称“物探”)作为一种常用勘探手段,在煤田、水文、地质勘查中扮演着十分重要的角色,为煤矿开采、水文、地质保障发挥着至关重要的作用。近些年来,随着技术的不断进步,仪器装备的不断升级,物探技术的应用取得了长足的发展,越来越多的物探手段被应用到勘探找水、煤矿防治水等领域,有效的指导了水文地质工作。本文全面梳理了目前地球物理手段在煤矿水文地质工作中的应用现状,从方法分类及解决问题的范围角度出发,系统总结了整个水文物探技术体系,以期对广大同仁在今后煤矿水文地质工作时有所启发和借鉴,促进物探方法的应用。

世界卫生组织对医疗建筑自然通风的建议及思考

医疗建筑中的感染预防和控制是阻断传染病传播的重要一环。自然通风作为最为常见的一种通风形式可以降低医疗建筑中医务人员、患者及探视者被感染的风险。本研究梳理了严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)至新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情期间(2003—2022年)世界卫生组织对医疗建筑自然通风的建议,对本国此类问题的现状进行归纳并提出前述建议所带来的启示。世界卫生组织提出的建议较为明确和具体,值得本国相关主管部门及科研单位重视和学习。部分经验可为本国《医院隔离技术规范》《医院空气净化管理规范》《传染病医院建筑设计规范》和《综合医院建筑设计规范》等规范或标准未来的修订工作提供有益的参考。

污染地下水风险管控技术应用

本研究依托电解铝企业历史遗留环境问题,结合渣场及周边的环境调查、地质条件、水文特征、污染途径,对地下水污染进行预测模拟,对现行污染地下水及土壤风险管控技术从优缺点、场地适应性、施工方案、可实施性、工程造价等方面进行详细比选,择优以削源+阻隔+渗滤液抽出处理技术相结合,实现对渣场污染地下水及土壤风险管控。本案例实施可为污染地下水及土壤管控治理提供思路和借鉴,更好地解决遗留生态环保问题。

大型地下商业建筑火灾特点和防火设计的探讨

深入探讨了大型地下商业建筑火灾的特点,包括内部格局复杂、疏散难度大等,针对这些特点,提出了一系列防火要点,如设置避难走道、冷库设计、商业车库设计和防排烟设计等,并以南大街地下品牌广场为例,分析了防火设计与面临的挑战及其应对措施。

基于感染预防和控制理念解析英国医疗建筑中的洗脸池和洗手池

有效的感染预防和控制措施可以降低医疗建筑内患者、医务人员和访客的感染风险。以洗脸池和洗手池为代表的手卫生设施对此起着重要的作用。本文以英国卫生和社会保障部陆续发布的多份医疗建筑指南为基础,解析英国医疗建筑中的洗脸池与洗手池,并对中国同类问题进行梳理。明确英国医疗建筑中洗脸池与洗手池的区别与使用者分类、尺寸及空间要求、分类及设计要求、配置要求,探讨中国此类问题的现状及英国相关经验和启示。英国的部分经验可为中国《传染病医院建筑设计规范》《综合医院建筑设计规范》《医务人员手卫生规范》等规范或标准未来的修订工作提供借鉴和参考。

高品质住宅地下建筑防潮问题的防治措施

夏季潮湿地区的地下建筑普遍存在墙体内表面结露、长毛发霉和地面潮湿等现象,如果长期处于潮湿的环境中,会相应缩短建筑物及其存放物的使用寿命,且滋生霉菌危害人体健康。因而地下建筑长毛发霉积水的问题亟待改善和解决。本工作通过对地下建筑墙体内表面结露、长毛发霉和地面潮湿等现象的产生机理分析,建立了地下建筑围护结构的数学模型,通过分析影响围护结构导热量的关键因素并对比改善方案,提出了一种基于提高地下建筑墙体内表面温度的防治措施,避免了出现夏季结露引起潮湿长毛的现象。本研究成果可为现有地下建筑防结露改造等工程实施提供技术指导,同时也可为新建建筑的防结露围护结构研究提供理论参考。

探讨高层建筑模筑混凝土缺陷防治方法

随着高层建筑的不断增多,混凝土施工质量对建筑的安全性、耐久性和经济性有着重大影响,科学、合理地进行施工至关重要,但是目前在高层建筑施工的过程中,模筑混凝土缺陷问题较为明显。为有效解决相关问题,需要科学、合理地探索最佳的施工技术措施,预防缺陷问题的发生。基于此,分析高层建筑模筑混凝土常见缺陷,提出相应的防治措施,旨在提高混凝土施工质量,确保高层建筑的安全可靠。

浅埋近距离煤层群上覆采空区火灾及气体下泄防治研究

针对沙坪煤矿13103工作面浅埋近距离煤层上覆采空区煤层自燃和气体下泄问题,综合利用地面红外探测和同位素测氡等多种方法探测13103工作面上覆采空区自然发火状态,在此基础上用SF6气体进行漏风通道测定,并采用数值模拟方法分析了CO气体的下泄机理。研究结果表明:煤层自燃倾向性、复杂埋藏条件和老窑火区是发生煤层自燃的主要原因,在标定12个火区中心点和39 077 m2隐患区域基础上,发现地面、采空区火区和工作面三者裂隙相互连接是导致CO气体在工作面后半部分涌入工作面并在回风隅角处聚集的主要原因。同时,研究发现,采用井上下联防联控手段可消除上覆采空区内高温点,使得CO气体浓度稳定在0.05%以下,有效控制了采空区自燃和气体下泄问题,保障了13103工作面安全生产。