The mineral rock salts present in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam basin exhibit high solubilities in water. In addition, the multicomponent underground brine exhibits a high salinity and is easily precipitated. In t...The mineral rock salts present in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam basin exhibit high solubilities in water. In addition, the multicomponent underground brine exhibits a high salinity and is easily precipitated. In the natural state, brine transport in the brine layer is extremely slow, and the brine is in a relatively stable chemical equilibrium state with the rock salt media. However, during mining, both the seepage and the chemical fields fluctuate significantly, thereby disrupting the equilibrium and leading to variations in the chemical composition and dynamic characteristics of the brine. Therefore, we selected underground brine from the Mahai Salt Lake, collecting a total of 183 brine samples over three stages of mining（i.e., the early stage of underground brine extraction, the initial stage of mining, and the later stage of mining）. Using a range of analytical techniques, the chemical dynamics of the underground brine water and its evolution were systematically studied. We found that evaporation and enrichment were the main mechanisms of underground brine evolution in the Mahai Salt Lake, with cation exchange and mineral dissolution/precipitation being key factors in determining the dynamic characteristics and evolution of the brine.展开更多
Quaternary underground brine in the littoral plain region of the Bohai coast is new type littoral facies evaporation ore deposit in liquid state . This model of " littorally- forming brine " is based on stud...Quaternary underground brine in the littoral plain region of the Bohai coast is new type littoral facies evaporation ore deposit in liquid state . This model of " littorally- forming brine " is based on study of the distribution, depositional environment, forming / storing process, and genesis of underground brine in the coast of Laizhou Bay . Essential conditions for genesis of brine are arid and semiarid climate , abundant sources of ancient seawater, and geological and geomorphological environment of wide tidal beach along a coast. The process of underground brine genesis may be : seawater/tidal beach-evaporation and concentration-seeping and accumulation- brine/tidal beach - burial (evolution of the sea- land )- underground brine .Underground brine is characterized by high content of chemical elements, shallow burial depth and easy exploitation . The process of extracting salt from underground brine present in the tidal flat is incomparably superior to that of producing salt from seawater, and has展开更多
Hydrochemistry of underground brines along south coast of Laizhou Bay, Shandong, China has been analyzed. Brine samples were collected from 43 wells in this area. It was considered that the brines were originated from...Hydrochemistry of underground brines along south coast of Laizhou Bay, Shandong, China has been analyzed. Brine samples were collected from 43 wells in this area. It was considered that the brines were originated from seawater. However, whether they were formed by seawater evaporation or seawater freezing was not fully sure. We created a simple method by plotting Na/Cl vs. seawater concen-tration factor (SCF) and Ca/Mg vs. SCF to determine the brine formation geochemically. Comparison of our results to previous seawater freezing and evaporation experiments indicated that the brines were formed by seawater evaporation. The ratios of HCO3/Cl of some low salinity brines in the study area were relatively higher, indicating that the brines may have mixed with other waters after the generation. The Br/Cl ratios of the brines decreased annually in the past 20 to 30 years of exploitation, indicating down-ward permeation of the brine from which bromine was extracted.展开更多
The discovery of useful brine resources in the embayed coastal zone of Qingdao is an important achievement in research on potential underground brine resources stored in Quatemary littoral facies in the North China co...The discovery of useful brine resources in the embayed coastal zone of Qingdao is an important achievement in research on potential underground brine resources stored in Quatemary littoral facies in the North China coast. The Holocene transgression in this area provided the ancient seawater sources for forming brine. In spite of the unfarorable geological conditions (narrow littoral plain. shallow and thin Quatemary sedimentary strata) Qingdao’s embayed coast has deposition basins with bay-in-bay and weir dam ideal for gathering brine. The geologic structure of the littoral Quatemary deposition basin and hydrologic condition(deficient runoff) comprise favorable environment for the formation and abundance of underground brine.The embayed coast geomorphy controls the distribution of brine in patches that form small mineral zones in some parts. The brine aquifer whiment series formed under Quatemary littoral plain sedimentary and hydrogeologic environment are usually single phreatic ones. Part of the thick deposit areas consists of phreatic and poorly confined aquifers. Near the river mouth, there can someimes be brine aquifers interbeded with saline water ones. The basement of the brine ore deposits is comprised of Mesozoic rock formations. Underground brine is scattered almost all over the littoral plain and only in the larger plain’s area is the narrow saline water belt distributed beyond the brine zone. The structural features of the brine aquifer sediment series along the Jiaozhou Bay Coast are typical of those in the North China coast. We name it"Jiaozhou Bay Type" Its features are different from those of other brine aquifer sediment series such as "Laizhou Bay Type" and"Bohai Bay Type" in the littoral plain of the Bohai Sea.展开更多
The underground brine resource along the coast of Laizhou Bay is the world’s rare shallow underground brine resource,which occurs in the Laizhou city in the east,and extends to the coastal area of the Binzhou city in
Underground brine samples were collected along the southern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Shangdong, China in two field investigations in 2003. The brines are confined in the Quaternary sediment and underwent a series of ...Underground brine samples were collected along the southern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Shangdong, China in two field investigations in 2003. The brines are confined in the Quaternary sediment and underwent a series of geochemical changes. The redox states of these brines were assessed qualitatively based on the measurements of Eh and redox-sensitive species such as DO, NO NO~, Mn2＋, Fe2＋, SO4^2- in the brines. The redox condition of the underground brine is anoxic, and the redox reactions that controlled the redox potential of brines should be Fe（Ⅲ） reduction and sulfate reduction.展开更多
1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,b...1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,boron and lithium.展开更多
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672243,41877198)
文摘The mineral rock salts present in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam basin exhibit high solubilities in water. In addition, the multicomponent underground brine exhibits a high salinity and is easily precipitated. In the natural state, brine transport in the brine layer is extremely slow, and the brine is in a relatively stable chemical equilibrium state with the rock salt media. However, during mining, both the seepage and the chemical fields fluctuate significantly, thereby disrupting the equilibrium and leading to variations in the chemical composition and dynamic characteristics of the brine. Therefore, we selected underground brine from the Mahai Salt Lake, collecting a total of 183 brine samples over three stages of mining（i.e., the early stage of underground brine extraction, the initial stage of mining, and the later stage of mining）. Using a range of analytical techniques, the chemical dynamics of the underground brine water and its evolution were systematically studied. We found that evaporation and enrichment were the main mechanisms of underground brine evolution in the Mahai Salt Lake, with cation exchange and mineral dissolution/precipitation being key factors in determining the dynamic characteristics and evolution of the brine.
基金Project Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Quaternary underground brine in the littoral plain region of the Bohai coast is new type littoral facies evaporation ore deposit in liquid state . This model of " littorally- forming brine " is based on study of the distribution, depositional environment, forming / storing process, and genesis of underground brine in the coast of Laizhou Bay . Essential conditions for genesis of brine are arid and semiarid climate , abundant sources of ancient seawater, and geological and geomorphological environment of wide tidal beach along a coast. The process of underground brine genesis may be : seawater/tidal beach-evaporation and concentration-seeping and accumulation- brine/tidal beach - burial (evolution of the sea- land )- underground brine .Underground brine is characterized by high content of chemical elements, shallow burial depth and easy exploitation . The process of extracting salt from underground brine present in the tidal flat is incomparably superior to that of producing salt from seawater, and has
基金Supported by NSFC (No. 40276026), and the Key Science and Tech-nology Plan of The Ministry of Education of China ([2000]156-00079)
文摘Hydrochemistry of underground brines along south coast of Laizhou Bay, Shandong, China has been analyzed. Brine samples were collected from 43 wells in this area. It was considered that the brines were originated from seawater. However, whether they were formed by seawater evaporation or seawater freezing was not fully sure. We created a simple method by plotting Na/Cl vs. seawater concen-tration factor (SCF) and Ca/Mg vs. SCF to determine the brine formation geochemically. Comparison of our results to previous seawater freezing and evaporation experiments indicated that the brines were formed by seawater evaporation. The ratios of HCO3/Cl of some low salinity brines in the study area were relatively higher, indicating that the brines may have mixed with other waters after the generation. The Br/Cl ratios of the brines decreased annually in the past 20 to 30 years of exploitation, indicating down-ward permeation of the brine from which bromine was extracted.
文摘The discovery of useful brine resources in the embayed coastal zone of Qingdao is an important achievement in research on potential underground brine resources stored in Quatemary littoral facies in the North China coast. The Holocene transgression in this area provided the ancient seawater sources for forming brine. In spite of the unfarorable geological conditions (narrow littoral plain. shallow and thin Quatemary sedimentary strata) Qingdao’s embayed coast has deposition basins with bay-in-bay and weir dam ideal for gathering brine. The geologic structure of the littoral Quatemary deposition basin and hydrologic condition(deficient runoff) comprise favorable environment for the formation and abundance of underground brine.The embayed coast geomorphy controls the distribution of brine in patches that form small mineral zones in some parts. The brine aquifer whiment series formed under Quatemary littoral plain sedimentary and hydrogeologic environment are usually single phreatic ones. Part of the thick deposit areas consists of phreatic and poorly confined aquifers. Near the river mouth, there can someimes be brine aquifers interbeded with saline water ones. The basement of the brine ore deposits is comprised of Mesozoic rock formations. Underground brine is scattered almost all over the littoral plain and only in the larger plain’s area is the narrow saline water belt distributed beyond the brine zone. The structural features of the brine aquifer sediment series along the Jiaozhou Bay Coast are typical of those in the North China coast. We name it"Jiaozhou Bay Type" Its features are different from those of other brine aquifer sediment series such as "Laizhou Bay Type" and"Bohai Bay Type" in the littoral plain of the Bohai Sea.
文摘The underground brine resource along the coast of Laizhou Bay is the world’s rare shallow underground brine resource,which occurs in the Laizhou city in the east,and extends to the coastal area of the Binzhou city in
文摘Underground brine samples were collected along the southern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Shangdong, China in two field investigations in 2003. The brines are confined in the Quaternary sediment and underwent a series of geochemical changes. The redox states of these brines were assessed qualitatively based on the measurements of Eh and redox-sensitive species such as DO, NO NO~, Mn2＋, Fe2＋, SO4^2- in the brines. The redox condition of the underground brine is anoxic, and the redox reactions that controlled the redox potential of brines should be Fe（Ⅲ） reduction and sulfate reduction.
基金Financial support from China Geological Survey (1212011085523)the "Chunhui" project of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,boron and lithium.
