Underlay模式下认知无线电OFDM系统多用户资源分配

为了更有效地求解Underlay频谱共享模式下的OFDM系统多用户资源分配问题,提出了一种公平、复杂度低的资源分配方法,首先利用公平性的子载波分配方法为认知用户分配子载波,然后利用子载波分配结果,将复杂的多用户资源分配问题转化为简单的单用户功率分配问题,并利用一种复杂度较低的线性封顶注水算法对子载波功率的分配进行求解。通过一种TV频段OFDM系统对算法性能进行了仿真对比分析,仿真结果验证了本文所提资源分配方法的有效性和优越性。

Underlay认知网络中时频重叠OFDM信号的信噪比盲估计

针对underlay认知无线电中时频重叠正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)信号的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)难以估计的问题,提出了一种基于循环自相关特性的时频重叠OFDM信噪比盲估计方法.该方法提取接收信号的循环自相关函数截面中的离散谱线估计出分量信号的总功率,并结合时延和循环频率均为零时的离散谱线估计出时频重叠OFDM信号的信噪比.仿真结果表明,在无需先验信息的情况下,当SNR大于-7d B时,所提方法估计的均方误差小于0.1,并且对分量信号的功率比和频谱重叠率具有稳健性.

基于排队模型的混合overlay/underlay频谱共享优化策略研究

为了更好地提高认知无线电网络中授权频谱的利用率,并为系统用户提供更高质量的服务,采用排队博弈理论研究了混合overlay/underlay频谱共享方式的优化策略。面向认知用户建立了传输时间服从二相阶超指数分布的排队模型,并给出排队模型稳态分布的求解方法。基于收益—支出结构,研究了可视情形下认知用户的个体最优策略及不可视情形下认知用户的纳什均衡策略。以社会收益最优及授权频谱收入最大为目标,给出了认知用户使用授权频谱的接入费用。进行数值实验,揭示了不同策略之间的内在关系,并验证了收费方案的合理性。通过将混合overlay/underlay频谱共享方式下的社会最优收益与overlay频谱共享方式和underlay频谱共享方式下的社会最优收益进行对比,进一步表明了混合overlay/underlay频谱共享方式下的社会最优策略能更加稳定且高效地利用频谱资源。

基于混合overlay/underlay方式的认知无线电能效优化策略

为了提高现有频谱资源的利用率,认知无线电技术得到了广泛的关注.针对协作中继认知无线电系统中的能量效率问题,提出一种混合overlay/underlay传输方式的频谱共享策略,它兼具传统overlay与underlay方式的特性.在满足服务质量要求和功率约束的情况下,首先通过一种启发式方案对子载波进行匹配,再引入基于拉格朗日算法对功率分配问题进行优化,获得最优中继及最优功率分配,从而使整个系统的能量效率提高.仿真实验结果表明:基于混合传输方式下系统的能量效率得到显著提升,验证了所提方案的有效性.

Improvement of high-frequency properties of Co2FeSi Heusler films by ultrathin Ru underlayer

Heusler Co2FeSi films with a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and high ferromagnetic resonance frequency fr were deposited by an oblique sputtering technique on Ru underlayers with various thicknesses tRufrom 0 nm to 5 nm.It is revealed that the Ru underlayers reduce the grain size of Co2FeSi,dramatically enhance the magnetic anisotropy field HK induced by the internal stress from 242 Oe(1 Oe=79.5775 A·m^-1)to 582 Oe with an increment ratio of 2.4,while a low damping coefficient remains.The result of damping implies that the continuous interface between Ru and Co2FeSi induces a large in-plane anisotropic field without introducing additional external damping.As a result,excellent high-frequency soft magnetic properties with fr up to 6.69 GHz are achieved.

Unraveling the role of Ti3C2 MXene underlayer for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation of hematite photoanodes

Hematite is regarded as a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting.However,the charge recombination occurred at the interface of FTO/hematite strictly limits the PEC performance of hematite.Herein,we reported a Ti3C2 MXene underlayer modified hematite(Ti-Fe2O3) photoanode via a simple drop-casting followed by hydrothermal and annealing processes.Owing to the bifunctional role of Ti3C2 MXene underlayer in improving the interfacial properties of FTO/hematite and providing Ti source for the construction of Fe2 TiO5/Fe2O3 heterostructure in hematite nanostructure,the bulk and interfacial charge transfer dynamics of hematite are significantly enhanced,and consequently enhancing the PEC performance.Compared with the pristine hematite,the as-prepared Ti-Fe2O3 photoanode shows an increased photocurrent density from 0.80 mA/cm^(2) to 1.30 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V vs.RHE.Moreover,a further promoted PEC performance including a dramatically increased photocurrent density of 2.49 mA/cm^(2) at1.23 V vs.RHE and an obviously lowered onset potential is achieved for the Ti-Fe2O3 sample after the subsequent surface F-treatment and the loading of FeNiOOH cocatalyst.Such results suggest that the introduction of Ti3C2 MXene underlayer is a facile but effective approach to improve the PEC water splitting activity of hematite.

High Coercivity Sr-ferrite Magnetic Thin Films Induced by Various Underlayers

Three kinds of oxide underlayers, namely Si02, ZnO and Al2O3, were deposited prior to the sputtering of Sr-ferrite films, respectively, in order to induce the optimum grain morphology and the texture of the films. A Sr-ferrite film with an easy axis in-plane orientation was induced by SiO2 underlayer. In contrast, it prefers to be perpendicular to film plane for the cases of ZnO and Al2O3 underlayers. The optimum magnetic properties of the former film along film plane are: 4πMr=1.7 kG, iHc=5.35 kOe, and Sq=0.59, which are mainly dominated by the exchange coupling effect, determined by Wohlfarth's remanence analysis, among grains. While those for the films with an easy axis perpendicular to film plane can be as high as 4πMr=3.72 kG, iHc=6.42 kOe, and Sq=0.82, which are mainly dominated by the magnetostatic interaction among grains.

On selecting transmission mode for D2D transmitter in underlay cellular network with a multi-antenna base station

The Device-to-Device(D2D)communication underlaying cellular networks is considered in this study.The D2D transmitter in the D2D mode can directly transmit messages to a receiver,but it may interfere with the transmission of another cellular user who shares the same uplink channel.The transmitter can also operate in a cellular mode in which no interference to another cellular user occurs.We propose a mode selection scheme that aims to minimize the transmission power of the D2D transmitter subject to constraints on the minimum required data rate and maximum interference to other cellular users.The proposed scheme is based on bounds for transmission power and is less complex than the optimal scheme.Furthermore,it requires only a few statistics and does not need a fading channel distribution.The performance of the scheme is close to optimum when the number of Base Station(BS)antennas is large,and the mean absolute deviation of the fading terms is small.We verify this with numerical results of the Rician and Rayleigh fading channels by assuming that the BS antennas are independent.The simulation results for the two correlated BS antennas are presented herein.

Deep Learning Based Physical Layer Security of D2D Underlay Cellular Network

In order to improve the physical layer security of the device-to-device(D2D)cellular network,we propose a collaborative scheme for the transmit antenna selection and the optimal D2D pair establishment based on deep learning.Due to the mobility of users,using the current channel state information to select a transmit antenna or establish a D2D pair for the next time slot cannot ensure secure communication.Therefore,in this paper,we utilize the Echo State Network(ESN)to select the transmit antenna and the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)to establish the D2D pair.The simulation results show that the LSTMbased and ESN-based collaboration scheme can effectively improve the security capacity of the cellular network with D2D and increase the life of the base station.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of the γ’-Fe4N Films on Cu Underlayers

The γ＇-Fe4N films on Cu underlayers are deposited on the glass and Si substrates by dc magnetron reactive sputtering. The effects of Cu underlayer on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the γ＇-Fe4N films are studied. The single-phase γ＇-Fe4N films with Cu underlayers on the glass substrate are obtained, while the mixture of Fe and γ＇-Fe4N is observed on the Si substrate. In comparison with the films without Cu underlayers, the grains of the films with Cu underlayers exhibit a non-uniform size distribution and give rise to a rougher surface. The magnetic measurements indicate that the γ＇-Fe4N films show a good soft ferromagnetic behavior. The enhanced coercivity in the films with Cu underlayers is observed due to the deterioration of the crystallographic structure as well as the rougher surface.

Comparison of Self-levelling Underlayment to Traditional Methods Used in Brazil

Between 2005 and 2015,the Brazilian real estate market experienced strong growth,driven by the stable scenario of the Brazilian economy and policies to encourage real estate credit.With this demand,the companies of the sector sought to be more competitive in the market.One of the measures adopted is the search for more efficient executive processes.While the traditional manual methodology for underlayment predominates in the country’s construction sites,a self-levelling underlayment presents a tendency towards mechanization of executive construction procedures.This paper aims to present a case study of a residential construction in Rio de Janeiro,which used self-levelling underlayment technology.Comparisons regarding cost and productivity of both methodologies were made to evaluate the viability of the self-levelling underlayment in future construction sites.Data obtained from other constructions were used to estimate the productivity and cost of the traditional underlayment levelling.The results demonstrate that the use of self-levelling underlayment has potential to be widespread and used in the constructions in Brazil.

Induced effects of Cu underlayer on (111) orientation of Fe_(50)Mn_(50) thin films

Effects of Cu underlayer on the structure of Fe50Mn50 films were studied. Samples with a structure of Fe50Mn50（200 nm）/ Cu(tCu) were prepared by magnetron sputtering on thermally oxidized silicon substrates at room temperature. The thickness of Cu underlayer varied from 0 to 60 nm in the intervals of 10 nm. High-vacuum annealing treatments, at different temperatures of 200, 300 and 400 ℃ for 1 h, respectively, on the Fe50Mn50（200 nm）/ Cu（20 nm） thin films were performed. The surface morphologies and textures of the samples were measured by field emission scan electronic microscope （FE-SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） and Auger electron spectroscopy（AES） were used to analyze the compositional distribution. It is found that Cu underlayer has an obvious induce effect on （111） orientation of Fe50Mn50 thin films. The induce effects of Cu on （111） orientation of Fe50Mn50 changed with the increase of Cu layer thickness and the best effect was obtained at the Cu layer thickness of 20 nm. High-vacuum annealing treatments cause the migration of Mn atoms towards surface of the film and interface between Cu layer and substrate. With the increasing annealing temperature, migration of Mn atoms is more obvious, which leads to a Fe-riched Fe-Mn alloy film.

基于云网POP的差异化云网络建设方案探讨

国家新型基础设施建设给各运营商带来了新的发展契机,纷纷布局以云网融合为特征的数据中心建设。本文重点分析运营商如何打造云网一体化网络服务提供点(Point of Presence,POP),满足不同客户差异化的入云或云间组网需求,实现云网能力端到端快速贯通,云资源池快速规模化部署,缩短云资源池或数据中心接入网络的建设和开通周期。

Improved resistance to electromigration and acoustomigration of Al interdigital transducers by Ni underlayer

The structure and morphology of A1 interdigital transducers as a function of Ni underlayer thickness were studied. The A1 （111） texture intensity increases first and then decreases as Ni underlayer thickness increases. 6-nm Ni underlayer results in the strongest A1 （111） texture with flattest surface, which exhibits almost 10 times longer life in electromigration measurement than those without Ni underlayer. 1.5 GHz surface acoustic wave filters fabri- cated with A1 film on 6-nm Ni underlayer also have improved power durability compared with those without Ni underlayer from 29.0 to 32.5 dBm. It is observed that those fine grains in the 6-nm Ni underlayer greatly enhance A1 （111） texture. Together with increased adhesion force, strong A1 （111） texture accounts for the improved resistance to electromigration and acoustomigration via the reduction of gains boundaries, resistivity, and fine grains at the interface, which is promising for high power surface acoustic wave filters.

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted D2D Underlay Communications:A Two-Timescale Optimization Design

The performance of a device-to-device(D2D)underlay communication system is limited by the co-channel interference between cellular users(CUs)and D2D devices.To address this challenge,a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)aided D2D underlay system is studied in this paper.A two-timescale optimization scheme is proposed to reduce the required channel training and feedback overhead,where transmit beamforming at the base station(BS)and power control at the D2D transmitters are adapted to instantaneous effective channel state information(CSI);and the RIS phase shifts are adapted to slow-varying channel mean.Based on the two-timescale optimization scheme,we aim to maximize the D2D ergodic weighted sum-rate(WSR)subject to a given outage probability constrained signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)target for each CU.The two-timescale problem is decoupled into two sub-problems,and the two sub-problems are solved iteratively.Numerical results verified that the two-timescale based optimization performs better than two baselines,and also demonstrated a favourable trade-off between system performance and CSI overhead.

Secrecy outage analysis on underlay cognitive radio using selection combining

Secure data transmission in future high-capacity high-coverage multi-tier hierarchical networks, for which cognitive radio （CR） has emerged as an essential recipe, is of utmost importance. This paper investigates the secrecy outage performance of selection combining （SC） in CR networks （CRNs） over Rayleigh fading channels. In a single-input multiple-output （SIMO） wiretap channel, a secondary user transmits confidential messages to another secondary user, which is equipped with n B （nB ≥1） antennas. Meanwhile, a passive eavesdropper, which is equipped with nE （n E ≥1） antennas, intends to overhear the messages. Both the legal receiver and the eavesdropper adopt SC scheme to process the received multiple signals. The secondary transmitter uses the underlay strategy to guarantee the quality of service of the primary user without spectrum sensing. Compared to the work proposed by Maged Elkashlan et al. in Ref. [ 1 ], we present an alternative method to derive the closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability （SOP） and develop a simplified SOP when the maximal transmit power at the secondary user is sufficiently high. Our results reveal the impact of the primary network on the secondary network with a multi-antenna wiretap channel and simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of our proposed analytical models.

Effect of substrates and underlayer on CNT synthesis by plasma enhanced CVD

Due to their unique thermal, electronic and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes （CNTs） have aroused various attentions of many researchers. Among all the techniques to fabricate CNTs, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） has been extensively developed as one growth technique to produce verticallyaligned car bon nanotubes （VACNTs）. Though CNTs show a trend to be integrated into nanoelectromechanical system （NEMS）, CNT growth still remains a mysterious technology. This paper attempts to reveal the effects of substrates and un derlayers to CNT synthesis. We tried five different substrates by substituting intrinsic Si with high resistivity ones and byincreasing the thickness of SiO2 insulativity layer. And also, we demonstrated an innovative way of adjusting CNT den sity by changing the thickness of Cu underlayer.

网络5.0业务网架构研究

随着物联网、工业互联网等新兴业务的迅猛涌现,网络的确定性、安全性和资源调度等方面面临着重大挑战。然而,现有网络是“尽力而为”的模式,只管控网络资源,不管控业务或应用连接。网络5.0针对以上问题,提出了“创新协议、确定性网络、内生安全可信、自组织网络、算力网络”等解决方案,为未来全业务承载提供承载底座。网络5.0在架构层面,需解决现有业务承载的OTT方式,即业务的应用层与网络层的控制与匹配不足的问题。首先,分析了网络5.0业务网的4个关键创新动机;其次,创新性地提出了新的业务网架构,通过在现有网络承载层上叠加业务核心层,使网络具备动态的业务感知、业务连接、资源匹配和连接管控能力,内生解决了网络业务/应用Underlay+Overlay协同的确定性承载,又开创了基于用户体验和应用感知的新型业务和精细化网络运营模式;最后,列出了超算快线和不间断直播两个典型业务场景,为未来的网络研究方向提供了强有力的线索。

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni_(0.81)Fe_(0.19) films grown on (Ni_(0.81)Fe_(0.19))_(1-x)Cr_(x) underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.81Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.81Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.81Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of ～36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of ～4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111) texture in the Ni0.81Fe0.19 films.

UHPC-AC复合路面沥青层剪应力试验研究

为避免超高性能混凝土(UHPC)下面层、沥青混凝土(AC)面层新型复合式路面结构发生早期破坏,利用BISAR3.0软件模拟不同水平力系数等参数下最大剪应力分布;采用斜面剪切法进行UHPC-AC层间、沥青混合料抗剪强度试验;依据规范进行沥青层剪应力指标校核分析。结果表明:复合路面沥青层内最大剪应力均出现在路表处,各计算面最大剪应力在深度方向呈对数减小;水平力系数和UHPC-AC层间结合状态对剪应力影响最为明显,沥青层内最大剪应力随水平力系数增大呈线性显著增大,随UHPC-AC层间摩擦参数增大呈抛物线变化,随UHPC层、沥青层厚度与模量变化而微变化;嵌石处理层间抗剪强度较喷洒粘结层明显提高,且随嵌石粒径、撒布量增大而增大;不同沥青混合料抗剪强度差异明显;复合路面沥青层剪应力指标校核结果说明沥青面层在早期不会发生层间破损以及路表剪切疲劳破坏。该研究为UHPC-AC复合路面结构分析与设计提供了重要计算参数。