The Development of China's Intellectual Property Law over the Past Forty Years of Reform and Opening Up

Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China has experienced vigorous development of Intellectual Property Law.During this period,it has successively enacted and promulgated a range of basic laws,among which are the Trademark Law of the PRC,the Patent Law of the PRC,the Copyright Law of the PRC and the AntiUnfair Competition Law of the PRC; and many other related laws and regulations,such as the Regulations of the PRC on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,Regulations on Protection of Integrated Circuit Layout Design and Provisions on the Protection of Geographical Indication Products.In this way,China has gradually established a relatively sound and complete intellectual property law system.Since the beginning of reform and opening-up,China's practice of intellectual property legislation has adhered to its institutional positioning of being subject to its civil law,safeguarding effective market competition and ensuring the implementation of national strategies.It has followed the development rules of relying on scientific & technological progress,targeting economic and social development and adjusting public policies for guiding purposes.Thanks to this,China has formed multiple coordinating mechanisms to settle conflicts of interests between the protection of intellectual property rights(IPR) and the protection of basic human rights,public health,genetic resources,traditional knowledge,etc.In the future development of China's intellectual property law,a trend of codification will emerge,which will primarily "include intellectual property law in the civil code" or "enact an intellectual property code." The modernization of China's Intellectual Property Law will be manifested in the changes of the defining standard of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)subjects,the utilization patterns of IPR objects and the protection models of intellectual property.This internationalization will center on creating a new order for international IPR protection.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

SOME OF MY UNDERSTANDING ON THE LAW REGARDING S&T DEVELOPMENT

Science, technology and engineering expertise form a treasurehouse of knowledge acquired by man in striving to understand and change nature.They respond respectively to different links of this endless endeavour.So they differ greatly from each other but are closely associated.Science refers to various principles, basic theories and concepts summed up from man’s cognition of natural phenomena,exploration of material movements and related objective laws; technology is the applicable methods and practical means developed from scien-

Understanding Realities Africa needs to follow its own path of reform to realize its potential

It bus been 40 years since China embarked on ＂crossing the river by feel ing the stones,＂ navigating through the untrodden path and uncharted waters to drive its iconic modemization effort through reform and opening up.

Forty Years' Construction of Rule of Law and the Legalization of Human Rights Protection in China

A market economy requires the individual rights of citizens be protected, and that the exercising of those rights be regulated, whose realization depends on the legalization of human rights protection On the one hand, individual rights must be protected by law On the other hand, a law-based society needs to be built so the boundaries of individual rights are clear, the exercising of those rights are regulated, conflicts between rights can be resolved through the courts, and the personal infringement of others’ rights and the overall interests of the society is prohibited by law During the 40 years of China’s ref orm and opening-up in China, the promotion of the legal protection of human rights mainly lies in three aspects: first, the important role of the rule of law plays in protecting human rights has been clarified; second, the four steps of the rule of law(scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, judicial justice and observance of the law by all Chinese citizens) have been strengthened to safeguard human rights fully and effectively; third, the Chinese human rights system under the rule of law has gradually been aligned with international norms.

On the Criminal Protection of the Right to Education of Chinese Citizens——With a Review on Article 32 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)

The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to education nuy means of Article 32.Imposing legal responsibility in the form of internal punishments,administrative punishments,and economic compensation have failed to prevent infringements on citizens’right to education.Its role as a"secondary protection law"is the conceptual obstacle that hinders the Criminal Law from effectively intervening in the field of citizens’right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of people to the right to education and the rights protected by the existing charges in the Criminal Law is the legitimate basis for it to intervene in disputes over the right to education.Based on Article 32 of the Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law,improve the liability provisions for the right to education,change the modest and restrained view of the Criminal Law regarding protection of the right to education,and expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Amendment(Ⅺ)in due time.

Reform,Chinese Dream and Rule of Law

Xl Jinping： The Governance of China, a collection of Chinese President Xi Jinping＇s speeches and insights, pro- vides readers with valuable information about the Chinese leader and the future of China. The nearly 500-page volume contains about 80 speeches, interviews, instructions and correspondence.

综合行政执法改革过程中的多维结构变迁与能动者策略

推动执法权属地化与综合化是夯实基层政权建设的重要一环,但在政策实践中,并不必然带来治理效能的提升。事权下放后,基层治理结构的实质性变革如何形塑执法主体的行为策略,以提升事权承接的有效性,是亟待回答的重要议题。文章从“结构—过程—功能”的视角出发,对一个街道综合行政执法体制改革进行系统考察,构建理解多维结构变迁中能动者策略生成的分析框架。研究发现,在改革过程中,综合执法部门所嵌入的横向结构在权力、责任和资源维度发生系统性变迁。执法主体在基层治理结构所设定的规则约束与行动空间中,基于复杂性和概率性两个维度,划分四种类型的执法任务,并能动地创设动员式、裁剪式、扩容式等执法策略,衔接再配置的结构性要素与复杂外部事务治理环节,从而有效回应“块块”运作规则和事权下放的内在要求。

单位犯罪成立条款的立法修正——以单位刑事责任理论为分析工具

有关单位犯罪的刑法规定的修改和完善,应以组织体责任论作为单位承担刑事责任根据的学理基础。在将单位与自然人刑事责任追究分别予以考量的前提下,必须厘清单位刑事责任与单位中自然人刑事责任的关系。相较于“平行方式”“总分方式”“剩余方式”,“连带方式”重视单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的特征,在定罪时形成必要兼顾,在量刑时形成彼此关照,因而在法理论证上更易形成说服力,在司法实践中也更具可操作性。在此基础上,探讨完善单位犯罪成立条件的具体路径:应借鉴《民法典》《公司法》等法律优化单位犯罪主体范围;从违反对外义务和对内义务理解单位犯罪的行为类型属于真正的不作为犯;单位不像自然人那般具备认识能力和控制能力,无法在单位犯罪中完全贯彻罪责主义或者主客观相统一原则;“事前合规”可从违反义务的角度以积极条件的方式加以规定,而“事后合规”则不应在定罪阶段予以考虑,应在量刑阶段作为减免单位责任的事由。

进一步全面深化改革的新时代意蕴

党的二十届三中全会提出“进一步全面深化改革”,这是新时代中国改革开放的重大政治决策和重要战略部署,集中体现了新时代中国改革开放高度的政治自觉、坚定的改革决心和科学的改革方法论,具有丰富的新时代意蕴。进一步全面深化改革是立足历史新方位,在新的起点、新的阶段、新的环境下对改革内涵的进一步拓展;是着眼时代新任务,紧紧围绕为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障而对改革主题的进一步聚焦;是致力理论新创造,在总结改革开放经验、明确改革开放原则的基础上对改革规律认识的进一步深化;是适应实践新要求,以继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化为总目标对改革战略举措的进一步部署。在中国改革开放的历史坐标上,进一步全面深化改革既是中国四十多年改革开放的实践续篇,又是全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的时代新篇。

从“法制”到“法治”:改革开放以来我国家庭教育政策的演进逻辑与推进路径

家庭教育政策是规范与支持家庭教育发展的重要工具,是推进我国家庭家教家风建设的重要手段。改革开放以来,我国家庭教育政策经历了以边缘性探索为中心的萌芽发展阶段、以系统性规划为抓手的改革发展阶段和以体系化建设为重点的深入发展阶段。在此过程中,其动力机制、价值取向、实施过程保障及话语规则均有其独特的演进逻辑。家庭教育法治化是我国教育治理现代化的必然要求,在未来的发展中我国家庭教育从“法制”走向“法治”,可采取以下推进路径:形成强化基础建设、优质均衡发展的政策动力机制,秉持兼顾个体与社会、协调多元利益的政策价值取向,深化加强顶层设计、完善组织建设的政策实施过程保障,体现深入了解民情、广泛反映民意的政策话语规则。

互联网背景下法学本科教学改革的困境与出路

法学本科教学面临现有教学模式效果一般,理论和实践教学结合不紧密,教师信息化教学能力有待提高,案例库缺少智能技术支持等困境,无法满足互联网时代对法学教育的要求。基于此,从教学理念的数字化转型,扩大虚拟仿真教学手段的使用,提升教师信息化教学能力,构建智能案例资源应用系统,完善文理学科知识融合获取机制五个方面进行改革,充分利用互联网的信息优势和创新技术的使用,促使法律教学课堂更加适合互联网时代的发展。

地方本科院校环境法课程教学改革与实践

地方本科院校聚焦于应用型人才培养,是地方人才培养的基础性力量,与地方经济社会发展联系密切。地方本科院校的环境法课程教学应从“立足地方、德才兼备”的法学应用型人才培养目标出发,践行“教什么”“怎么教”“教得怎么样”的教学路径,将饱含思政元素的优质本土资源运用到环境法课程教学中,同时采用启发式教学、混合式教学、研讨式教学等教学方法开展教学活动,以达到更好的“育人”效果。

治理吸纳执法:乡镇行政执法何以运行——基于中部多个乡镇综合执法改革的经验考察

近年来国家不断强调治理重心下移,行政执法权下沉是其重要表现。以执法下沉为目标的行政执法改革旨在通过行政执法权的属地化配置缓解乡镇治理权责失衡的困境,促进基层治理规范化。但实践中,乡镇行政执法形成“治理吸纳执法”的运行特征,即行政执法作为“条条”体制下的一种专业化事权呈现出“块块”主导的属地化运作,这源于乡村社会的弱执法需求以及伴随多中心工作而来的乡镇治权弱化。行政执法下沉客观上为乡镇提供了新的治理工具,但并未带来预期的执法效益,也没有根本改变乡镇治权不足的结构性困境。乡镇治理权力具有多样性和复杂性,基于乡镇治理情景,具体分析行政执法权的性质,才能正确理解行政执法权在乡村治理中的功能定位以及行政执法改革对乡镇治理的意义。

西周格(霸)姬簋中的立君争讼与“先王之刑”

格(霸)姬簋铭文事关西周霸氏立君之争。格(霸)姬主张其子为君,晋人伸主张其甥为君。王朝贵族鬼、■叔、鼏父、师父、微史共同审讯此案,之后将相关情况陈告伯偯父,伯偯父进行裁决。宣判由史官系统之长尹氏做出,其下属史官告知格(霸)姬。尹氏及其下属保子津在对格(霸)姬的嘉勉礼仪中宣布判决结果,实际是对格(霸)姬及其子合法拥有霸氏首领地位的宣示。格(霸)姬簋铭文显示在审判环节要依据“先王之刑”的做法,将金文中有关遵循“先王之刑”表述的年代提前到了周穆王、周恭王时代。不仅如此,格(霸)姬簋铭文还是目前所见在审判实践中运用“先王之刑”的唯一实例。山西大河口2002号墓地出土的格(霸)姬簋与霸姬盘、盉铭文显示了周穆王时期王朝法权全面扩张的现象,这种扩张包含有立法与司法两个方面,并与周穆王时期的法制变革相关。

从总结经验到把握规律:中国特色社会主义认识的新成果

高度重视认识和运用社会发展规律,是我们党能够超前预测形势、掌握历史主动、不断取得新的历史成就的重要经验。党的二十大报告提出的“五个必由之路”重要论断,集中反映了我们党在新时代新征程的成功经验,集中反映了我们党在新时代取得历史性成就的成功秘诀,集中概括了新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的规律性认识,系统反映了我们党在把握历史主动方面的理论新成果。运用好“五大规律性认识”创新成果,不断深化对中国共产党执政规律、中国特色社会主义建设规律、新时代社会主要矛盾转化规律、我国经济社会各领域具体规律和中国共产党自身建设规律的认识,对新时代新征程以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴具有重要理论价值和现实意义。

授权改革试点明确性原则的反思与重构

授权改革试点作为全国人大及其常委会的一种授权类型,理应遵循授权明确性原则。目前,存在照搬一般明确性原则的误区,忽视了授权改革试点作为一项独特授权的特殊性。授权改革试点所遵循的明确性原则,须在授权目的、授权内容、授权范围三要素要求的基础上,根据自身的独特性进一步展开。授权改革试点包括授权暂时调整法律适用和授权试点工作两种类型,二者应对授权目的、对象、期限、地域和请示报告义务进行细化规定。授权范围的明确程度应根据不同类型而有所不同,前者应明确调整的具体法律条款和调整内容,后者应以授权内容的重要性程度作出宽严相济的授权范围规定,以协调改革与法治的内在矛盾。

中国特色社会主义市场经济法治理论的理论根源、演进脉络与经验启示

改革开放以来,中国共产党人坚持以马克思主义理论为指导,立足改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期、新时代中国特色社会主义经济发展状况和法治建设实践,领导市场经济法治建设经历了十一届三中全会以后的创立阶段、十三届四中全会以后的发展阶段、十六大以后的完善阶段和十八大以来的新发展阶段,在不同发展阶段的具体实际之下丰富和发展了马克思主义法治理论关于法治对经济基础的保障功能和经济基础对作为上层建筑的法治的推动作用的理论论断,对新时代法治经济建设具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

油气体制机制改革十周年:成效与展望

2014年6月,习近平总书记在中央财经领导小组第六次会议上,提出了推动能源消费革命、能源供给革命、能源技术革命、能源体制革命和全方位加强国际合作,以及积极推进能源体制改革、抓紧制定电力体制改革和石油天然气体制改革总体方案、启动能源领域法律法规立改废工作的要求,这为中国油气领域深化改革、全面绿色转型和高质量发展提供了根本遵循。为全面把握新时代能源安全新战略的总体要求、油气体制机制改革的重点工作与取得的主要成效,系统整理了2014年至今油气体制机制改革的重点法律、政策、标准等文件,定性定量概括总结了主要成效,认为10年来中国坚持推进石油天然气体制机制改革,开展了油气领域法律法规和标准体系建设、加快转变油气行业政府管理职能、引导和构建油气市场体系、推进改革油气价格机制等一系列改革举措,有力支撑了油气增储上产和行业加快发展。展望未来,随着中国迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程,油气行业将健全石油天然气行业法律法规体系、建立起有为政府和有效监管体系、全面建成“X+1+X”油气市场格局、形成“管住中间、放开两头”的油气价格机制,全面保障油气行业高质量发展。