Retesting Early Generation Stability of a Japonica Rice Variety 84-15 by Using Allelic Differences of Two Qualitative Traits

Early generation stability of a japonica rice variety, 84-15, was retested by using the allelic differences of two qualitative traits, i.e., glume tip color and waxy endosperm. Results showed that both glurne tip color and waxy endosperm segregated in progenies of single F1 plants derived from two crosses of 84-15/Zi 18 （purple color） and 84-15/Dahuaxiangnuo （waxy）. The results denied the conclusion obtained in previous studies that 84-15 had a characteristic of early generation stability. Moreover, it was found that using the coefficient of variation as an indicator of early generation stability was unreasonable by analyzing plant height as an example. Importance of avoiding systematic error in research works was also discussed.

G×E Analysis of Growth Traits of Betula platyphylla Clones at Three Separated Sites in Northeastern China

To select elite materials,the growth traits of 32 Betula platyphylla clones at three separated northern sites in Northeast China were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences among all variation sources in the different investigated traits(P<0.01).Except for the carbon contents,all the coeffi-cients of phenotypic variation of the other investigated traits were higher than 10%.The repeatability of different traits ranged from 0.760 to 0.998.Correlation analysis showed that tree height were significantly correlated with diameter at breast height,but neither was significantly correlated with leaf traits nor element contents.Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis showed that genotype,environment and genotype×environment interactions were significantly different in diameter at breast height,which indicated that environment had a significant effect on genotype.Comprehensive assessment results showed that three clones with high and stable diameters at breast height were selected,and the genetic gains of diameter at breast height on sites Maoershan,Qingan,and Yongji were 21.24%,20.58%,and 38.65%,respectively.The results could provide a theoretical basis for elite clone selection in B.platyphylla and other broad leaved species.

Effects of Region and Elevation on Adaptation of Leaf Functional Traits of an Invasive Plant Erigeron annuus in China

A key scientific challenge relating to the threat of invasive plants on agriculture at the region level is to understand their adaptation and evolution in functional traits.Leaf functional traits,related to growth and resource utilization,might lead to adaptation of invasive plants to the geographical barriers(region or elevation).In the field experiment,we discussed the effects of region and elevation on leaf functional traits on invasive plant Erigeron annuus in farmland habitats in China.We compared leaf size,coefficient of variation(CV)of leaf traits,and fluctuating asymmetry(FA)of E.annuus from three regions(east vs.center vs.west)and two leaf types(vegetative vs.reproductive leaf),and from nine elevations(980-2100 m)in the west region of China.Our results indicated region and leaf type influenced leaf functional traits,and leaf size was significantly higher and CV of leaf traits and FA in reproductive leaves were significantly lower in the east region than in the west and center regions.Elevation and leaf type affected leaf functional traits,and leaf size was significantly higher and CV of leaf traits in reproductive leaves were significantly lower in moderate elevation.E.annuus has higher leaf size and developmental stability(lower CV and FA)in the eastern region due to the longer adaptation period.Therefore,leaf functional traits play an important role in the adaptation of different longitudes and elevations.It can also facilitate the understanding of the invasiveness and adaptation of leaf traits of invasive plants in the agricultural ecosystem during their spread process in China.

Relationship between Grain Yield and Yield Components of Various Rice Cultivars

[Objective] The relationship between grain yield and yield components was investigated in .different rice cultivars at the target yield of 10.5-11.25 t/hm2, to provide theoretical basis for cultivation of high-yield rice. [Method] The yield performance of various super rice and non-super rice cultivars that were cultivated in large area in Sichuan Chengdu was studied under high-yielding cultivation conditions from 2006 to 2008. [Result] The rice yield was closely correlated with the productive panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The four yield components showed different influences on the yield of different rice culti- vars. By adopting the high yielding cultivation technology （that the seedlings were planted in a triangle shape） at the target yield of 10.5-11.25 t/hm~, we found that the rice yield of super rice cultivars was closely correlated with productive panicle number and 1 000-grain weight, negatively correlated with grain number per panicle, and significantly negatively correlated with seed setting rate; the grain yield of non- super rice cultivars was negatively correlated with grain number per panicle and seed setting rate, and significantly negatively correlated with the productive panicle number and 1 000-grain weight. [Conclusion] The results revealed the relationship between grain yield and yield components in different rice cultivars, which provided references for developing reasonable cultivation measures and thus to improve the yield of super rice in large acreage.

Quantification of drought tolerance in Ethiopian common bean varieties

Understanding the level of drought tolerance of the varieties available in each country is of paramount importance for breeding common bean for drought adaptation. The goal of this study was to evaluate 25 common bean genotypes of which 24 were released/recommended varieties for production by farmers and one was a drought tolerant check. The genotypes were planted at two sites in Ethiopia, Hawasssa and Amaro, using variable sowing dates, one that was early to avoid drought and one that was late to expose the crop to drought. The experiments were repeated over two years in Hawassa and one year in Amaro. This resulted in treatments with high and low total seasonal rainfall and six environments for analysis. The impact of drought stress on the trait expression of the varieties was not uniform across traits assessed and varieties tested. The effect of drought on photosynthate translocation and partitioning traits was much greater than on yield component traits in the varieties studied. This indicating less breeding efforts has been made in improving the varieties ability to mobilize photosynthate to the developing grain as compared to the yield component traits. Drought tolerant varieties like Hawassa Dume maintained better photosynthate translocation and partitioning than the drought sensitive varieties like Brown Speckled bean. Hawassa Dume also showed better yield stability and performed well under both drought stress and nonstress conditions. Our results indicate the relevance of high levels of photosynthate translocation and partitioning as an effective selection objective for improving drought tolerance in common bean. The information generated on the drought tolerance of the available varieties should help in the design of a breeding strategy that incorporates adaptation traits with commercial characteristics preferred by common bean farmers for varieties to be grown in diverse environments.

Predictability of Functional Diversity Depends on the Number of Traits

Analysis of functional diversity, based on plant traits and community structure, provides a promising approach for exploration of the adaptive strategies of plants and the relationship between plant traits and ecosystem functioning. However, it is unclear how the number of plant traits included influences functional diversity, and whether or not there are quantitatively dependent traits. This information is fundamental to the correct use of functional diversity metrics. Here, we measured 34 traits of 366 plant species in nine forests from the tropical to boreal zones in China. These traits were used to calculate seven functional diversity metrics: functional richness(functional attribute diversity(FAD), modified FAD(MFAD), convex hull hypervolume(FRic)), functional evenness(FEve), and functional divergence(functional divergence(FDiv), functional dispersion(FDis), quadratic entropy(Rao Q)). Functional richness metrics increased with an increase in trait number, whereas the relationships between the trait divergence indexes(FDiv and FDis) and trait number were inconsistent. Four of the seven functional diversity indexes(FAD, MFAD, FRic, and RaoQ) were comparable with those in previous studies, showing predictable trends with a change in trait number. We verified our hypothesis that the number of traits strongly influences functional diversity. The relationships between these predictable functional diversity metrics and the number of traits facilitated the development of a standard protocol to enhance comparability across different studies. These findings can support integration of functional diversity index data from different studies at the site to the regional scale, and they focus attention on the influence of quantitative selection of traits on functional diversity analysis.

弱筋小麦新品种‘宁麦36’的产量及品质性状分析

为进一步了解‘宁麦36’的生产特性和应用价值,采用2019—2022年江苏省农科院科企淮南小麦联合体中间试验和2021-2022年在江苏省农业科学院育种基地进行的品质试验资料为依据,以‘扬麦20’作为对照,对‘宁麦36’的丰产性、稳产性、适应性以及与弱筋小麦密切相关的品质性状进行分析。结果表明,在3个年度产量试验中,‘宁麦36’的平均产量较对照‘扬麦20’分别增产4.02%、5.60%和5.99%,均达极显著水平。‘宁麦36’的高稳系数(HSC)和适应度均明显高于对照‘扬麦20’。2020年区试混样‘宁麦36’的各项品质指标均符合GB/T17893-1999和GB/T17320-1998弱筋小麦标准。‘宁麦36’的4种溶剂保持力(SRC)均低于弱筋对照品种‘扬麦20’,饼干直径较‘扬麦20’大0.91 cm.‘宁麦36’丰产性突出、稳产性好、适应性广,弱筋品质优,在江苏淮南地区具有广阔的应用前景。

烯效唑处理下绿豆农艺性状稳定性及性状间相互关系分析

为加强绿豆育种性状选择,以绿丰2号、绿丰5号和JLPX02绿豆为试验材料,选用3个浓度的烯效唑进行浸种,采用大田试验,测定供试绿豆的14个农艺性状,应用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析方法进行性状的综合评价,研究烯效唑处理下绿豆农艺性状表现的稳定性及各农艺性状间的相互关系。结果表明,分枝数、根重、根瘤数、单株荚数、单株鲜重和单株粒重6个性状在3个品种(系)中均发生大幅度变异,稳定性弱;主茎节数、株高、荚长、单荚粒数、百粒重5个农艺性状的变异系数均较小,稳定性强;百粒重与荚长呈极显著相关,相关系数最大为0.906;产量与分枝、单荚粒数、单株粒重呈显著相关。主成分分析中,第1主成分中,百粒重、荚长、单株荚数为主要反映荚因子指标;第2主成分中,单株鲜重、单株粒重、分枝为主要反映植株因子指标;第3主成分中,根重、侧根数、根瘤数为主要反映根系因子指标;第4主成分中,单荚粒数、产量为主要反映产量因子指标。综上说明,绿豆的分枝、单株荚数、单株粒重、产量、单株鲜重可作为高产材料选择的主要参考性状,百粒重、荚长、主茎节数、单荚粒数可作为高稳定性性状为材料选择提供参考。

大豆新品种黑农84品质性状的环境稳定性分析

为明确黑农84的品质稳定性,为新品种的推广应用提供依据,本研究分析了黑农84不同年份、不同地点种植的品质性状变异。结果显示:黑农84是具备高蛋白、低脂肪、高亚麻酸、高异黄酮、高蔗糖和低水苏糖特性的优质功能型品种。在检测的27个品质性状中,16个性状(蛋白质和脂肪含量,蛋脂总量,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,维生素E含量,水溶性糖,γ-维生素E,δ-维生素E,果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和水苏糖含量)的变异系数小于10%,较为稳定。两年的遗传多样性指数变异范围分别为1.08~1.98和1.07~1.73,平均值分别为1.62和1.59,其中α-大豆苷的遗传多样性指数最高(1.98和1.73),棉子糖的遗传多样性指数均最小(1.08和1.07)。黑农84品质性状聚类均可以分为两类,第一类中蛋白质和α-维生素E含量较高,脂肪和异黄酮含量较低;第二类中大豆苷、m-大豆苷、α-大豆苷和m-染料木苷含量较低。黑农84优质性状的环境稳定性为该品种的遗传育种和加工应用等提供了理论依据。

安徽麦区软质小麦主要品质性状的基因型-环境互作分析

为了深入研究安徽麦区软质小麦主要品质性状的基因型效应与不同种植区域环境效应的互作关系及稳定性,本研究利用AMMI双标图对种植于7个生态试点的12个软质小麦品种的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间及吸水率4个品质指标进行综合评价。AMMI双标图分析结果表明,濉溪和新马桥生态试点能够较好地分辨品种湿面筋含量,区分品种面团稳定时间的最佳地点是太和生态试点,阜阳生态试点能够很好地区分不同品种的吸水率,能较好地区分蛋白质含量的生态试点是新马桥。吸水率和面团稳定时间表现好的品种是瑞华麦516、天益科麦5号;湿面筋含量中较稳定的品种是华成863和瑞华麦516;天益科麦5号是蛋白质含量平均值较高且较稳定的品种。相对而言,天益科麦5号具有广适、稳定且品质性状优良的基因型。

基于3种BLUP方法的长白公猪精液性状遗传参数估计

【目的】探究3种BLUP方法在长白公猪精液性状及其稳定性遗传参数估计中的差异。【方法】收集了来自2294头长白公猪的227361条精液数据,使用R语言ASReml软件包,分别用基于系谱的最佳线性无偏预测(PBLUP)、基因组最佳线性无偏预测(GBLUP)和一步法(SSGBLUP)3种BLUP方法对精液性状及其稳定性进行遗传参数估计。【结果】使用PBLUP、GBLUP和SSGBLUP估计遗传力分别为:精液体积(VOL)0.21、0.08和0.20,精子密度(DEN)0.17、0.06和0.12,精子活力(MOT)0.25、0.06和0.26,精子畸形率(ABN)0.38、0.09和0.47,总精子数(TSN)0.11、0.03和0.09,有效精子数(FSN)0.15、0.03和0.12,精液体积稳定性(C.V.VOL)0.11、0.05和0.08,精子密度稳定性(C.V.DEN)0.03、0.02和0.03,精子活力稳定性(C.V.MOT)0.28、0.02和0.12,精子畸形率稳定性(C.V.ABN)0.09、0.01和0.03,总精子数稳定性(C.V.TSN)0.13、0.02和0.12,有效精子数稳定性(C.V.FSN)0.20、0.04和0.16。相关性分析的结果表明,3种BLUP方法估计的精液性状稳定性间的表型相关(0.11~0.99)和遗传相关(0.12~0.99)均呈正相关,且PBLUP方法估计性状间相关性结果与SSGBLUP方法的基本一致,精液品质性状间均呈一定的相关关系(-0.88~0.99),其中,精子畸形率与精子活力、总精子数和有效精子数均为遗传负相关(-0.28~-0.88),总精子数与有效精子数为遗传高度相关(0.98)。【结论】使用PBLUP和SSGBLUP方法估计的遗传力高于GBLUP方法。除ABN为中高遗传力性状,精液性状及其稳定性均为中低遗传力性状。

习近平文化思想中的“体用”特质研究

从“明体达用、体用贯通”的哲学视角研究习近平文化思想,认识其道理—学理—哲理的有机统一,对于我们理解和贯彻习近平文化思想具有基础性意义。习近平文化思想的“体用”特质是“明体达用、体用贯通”,表现在溯源“明体”,习近平文化思想的生成逻辑是理论逻辑、实践逻辑、文化逻辑、历史逻辑的有机统一;践行“达用”,习近平文化思想的时代价值是成就习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇、明晰新时代文化建设的路线图和任务书、指出推进“两个结合”与“两创”的崭新路径;“体用贯通”,习近平文化思想的理论主题、主要内容、精神实质,始终服务于文化自信和文化强国建设;“体用相生”,践行习近平文化思想的逻辑进路是理论创新与实践创新良性互动、螺旋提升的过程。习近平文化思想作为“一个不断展开的、开放式的思想体系”来源于中国特色社会主义文化实践,我们要深入学习和领会并切实践行,以担负起新时代文化发展新使命,推动文化发展新实践。

辽宁省水稻品种品质性状及丰稳性分析

以2023年辽宁省水稻区域试验中晚熟组的23个品种试验数据为基础进行品种品质性状和丰产性、稳定性分析。结果表明:11个品质性状的变异系数在0.93%~70.00%,11个品质性状间存在着不同程度的相关性,加工因子、直链淀粉因子、碱消因子、垩白因子、蛋白质因子共同影响着品种品质性状的综合表现。利用变异系数、回归系数、高稳系数、品种产量对23个品种进行丰稳性分析,结果表明:高稳系数、回归系数、品种产量可较好的区分品种的丰产性、稳产性,同时,水稻品种丰产性与稳定性参数间存在着明显的负相关性。在此基础上,通过聚类分析、方差比较显示出天隆粳224、辽粳169、盐粳66、天隆粳234、天隆粳788、花粳1607、盐粳945、辽粳1920等品种产量水平和稳定性较好。

清热润目汤熏蒸对睑板腺功能障碍型干眼症的疗效评价

目的:探讨清热润目汤熏蒸对睑板腺功能障碍型干眼症的疗效。方法:本次前瞻性研究的受试对象为80例睑板腺功能障碍型干眼症患者,研究时间为2022年9月—2023年5月,依据随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,各40例。对照组行蒸馏水熏蒸联合睑板腺按摩及玻璃酸钠滴眼液滴眼治疗,研究组行清热润目汤熏眼联合睑板腺按摩及玻璃酸钠滴眼液滴眼治疗,所有患者于治疗8周后评价疗效。比较两组治疗前后干涩感、异物感、疲劳感、畏光、烧灼感等各项主观症状评分,比较两组治疗前后泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、SchirmerⅠ试验结果(SITI)、角膜荧光素染色水平(FL)和脂质性状评分。结果:研究组的总有效率为97.50%(39/40),对照组为85.00%(34/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗8周后各项主观症状评分比治疗前均下降(P<0.05),且治疗8周后研究组各项主观症状评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);两组治疗2周后、治疗4周后、治疗8周后BUT、SITI均比治疗前升高(P<0.05),且研究组高于对照组(P<0.01),两组治疗2周后、治疗4周后、治疗8周后FL均比治疗前降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.01);两组治疗2周后、治疗4周后、治疗8周后睑板腺分泌物脂质性状评分均比治疗前降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:清热润目汤熏蒸可促进睑板腺功能障碍型干眼症患者分泌泪液并增加泪膜稳定性,改善睑板腺分泌物形状,对干眼症的治疗疗效较好。

关于儿童特质理解的心理理论研究

特质理解是心理理论研究中的一个重要研究领域,它对于社会能力的促进和发展具有重要的意 义。文章概述了国外该研究领域的主要研究成果及研究动态,包括心理理论与特质、儿童特质的起源信念研究、儿童特质词使用与特质理解发展、特质推理与特质理解发展研究。在此基础上,分析了该领域研究中存在的问题并对该领域未来的发展趋势作了展望。.

3～9岁儿童人格特质稳定性理解的发展特点

采用情境故事法对281名3～9岁儿童对不同类型的消极或积极特质稳定性的理解进行了个别测查,使用了“性质-类型-性质”的特质推理研究范式,任务涉及跨时间稳定性和跨情境一致性两个层面的考察。五因素重复测量方差分析结果表明,3～9岁儿童对于特质稳定性的理解表现出随年龄发展稳定观不断增强的趋势,4岁可能是儿童特质稳定性理解由不成熟向成熟方向发展的关键点;此外,研究验证了年龄与特质性质的交互作用,也发现了问题类型和特质类型对特质稳定性理解的调节作用。这些特点与年幼儿童获得的心理知识和对特质发展影响因素的觉知有关,也可能与整个文化系统的直接或间接作用有关。

大豆主要品质性状的稳定性研究

以生育期相近的２５个品系为材料，在８个地点同时进行试验，对大豆的主要品质性状的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，主要品质性状的稳定性存在明显差异，蛋白质＋脂肪总量最稳定，其次是蛋白质含量及脂肪含量，这３个性状均较各脂肪酸稳定，亚麻酸的稳定性最差，这也表明其最易受环境的影响。不同品种同一性状的稳定性也存在明显差异。蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋白质＋脂肪含量与其本身的稳定性无关，亚麻酸含量低的品系稳定性较好。稳定性回归系数法分析表明，亚麻酸、油酸及亚油酸之间的回归系数都呈极显著正相关，同时蛋白质和蛋白质＋脂肪总量的回归系数也呈极显著正相关。各品质性状的变异系数和稳定性回归系数都呈显著正相关，表明二种方法都同样有效。品种间每一品质性状稳定性的明显差异表明。

3～4岁儿童基于可信度特质的信任判断:特质间差异和年龄特点

研究采用对偶选择的范式,通过两个实验考察了96名3～4岁儿童基于可信度特质的信任判断。研究同时测量儿童基于可信度特质(能干、友好和诚实)的信任判断能力和针对这些特质的好坏评价能力。结果发现:(1)信任判断的正确率在3种可信度特质间不存在差异。(2)在信任判断之后再进行好坏评价的情况下(实验一),4岁儿童信任判断的正确率高于3岁,在控制好坏评价能力之后,年龄差异依然存在。(3)在信任判断之前先进行好坏评价的情况下(实验二),则信任判断的正确率不存在年龄差异。这些结果表明不是因为好坏评价能力的缺陷,而可能是任务本身较重的认知负荷使得3岁儿童不能像4岁儿童那样自发地依据特质的效价信息进行信任判断。

四川小麦主栽品种的品质性状表现及其稳定性

2006—2008连续3年,在5个生态点考察了7个四川省代表性小麦品种在两种氮水平下的品质状况及其稳定性,以期为四川小麦品质定位、品质改良和生产指导提供依据。结果表明,3年均值,籽粒容重777gL?1,籽粒蛋白质含量12.3%,湿面筋含量25.1%,Zeleny沉降值32.9mL,降落值326s,面粉吸水率56.5%,面团形成时间3.0min、稳定时间4.5min,面条评分78.5分、面包评分62.2分。几乎所有品质性状均存在显著的基因型、环境及其互作效应。籽粒容重、沉降值、降落值、面粉吸水率和面条评分的年份效应大于地点效应,而籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间和面包评分则地点效应大于年份效应。增施氮肥对籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和面包评分都有显著的增效作用,但对降落值、面粉吸水率和面条评分无明显影响。品种品质的稳定性因品质性状不同而异,川麦39面包评分高而稳定,川麦37面条总评分高而稳定,二者可被用于四川小麦品质改良。

儿童特质推理与情绪和效价线索理解的关系

本研究从情绪、效价两个角度探讨儿童特质理解与线索理解的关系。372名4、5、7岁儿童完成了贴标签和行为预测两类特质推理任务。实验一显示,所有年龄段儿童都能完成对情绪性特质害羞和胆小的推理,且特质和行为评定与情绪评定呈显著正相关;实验二显示,所有年龄段均能完成双重性质特质助人为乐和自私的推理,特质和行为评定与效价、情绪评定均呈显著正相关,回归分析则只有效价评定进入方程。结果说明,儿童完成情绪性特质推理任务时与情绪理解能力关系密切,而对双重性质特质推理时更多的与效价理解能力有关。